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1 Centre number Candidate number Surname and initials Examining Group General Certificate of Secondary Education Biology Foundation Tier For Examiner s use only Time: one and a half hours Instructions to candidates Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of this page. Answer ALL questions in the spaces provided on the question paper. Show all stages in any calculations and state the units. You may use a calculator. Include diagrams in your answers where this may be helpful. Information for candidates Total The number of marks available is given in brackets [2] at the end of each question or part question. The marks allocated and the spaces provided for your answers are a good indication of the length of answer required. Where you see this icon you will be awarded marks for the! quality of written communication in your answers. This means, for example, that you should: write in sentences use correct spelling, punctuation and grammar use correct scientific terms Letts Educational EDUCATIONAL

2 1 This question is about the human breathing and circulatory systems. (a) Add labels from this list to the diagram. bronchioles bronchus diaphragm trachea A B C D [3] (b) Tick ( ) two statements that are correct when we breathe in. diaphragm moves down diaphragm moves up pressure inside the thorax increases rib cage moves downward and inwards rib cage moves upwards and outwards [2] (c) The diagram shows cells that line the inside of our breathing system. mucus cilia (small hairs) this cell makes mucus Describe one way these cells help to keep our breathing system clean. [1] 2

3 (d) Finish the table by adding words from this list. arteries capillaries valves veins ventricles carry blood to all cells around the body and allow glucose and oxygen to diffuse through their wall and into the cells stop blood flowing in the wrong direction carry blood at low pressure back to the heart carry blood at a high pressure away from the heart [4] (e) State two differences in composition between the blood leaving the lungs and the blood reaching the lungs [2] (Total 12 marks) 3

4 2 The diagram shows how insecticides move through a food chain. insecticide is sprayed onto crops to poison pests if otters eat a lot of fish, they take in a lot of poison poison gets into rivers by draining through the soil fish take in small amounts of poison (a) How does the insecticide get into the river? (One mark is for an ordered answer.)! [2+1] (b) Explain why small fish do not die but the otters die from the insecticide. [2] (Total 5 marks) 4

5 3 This question is about photosynthesis and respiration in plants. (a) Choose answers from the following list. carbon dioxide hydrogen nitrogen oxygen (i) Which gas is produced when photosynthesis takes place in a plant? [1] (ii) Which gas is produced when respiration takes place in a plant? [1] (b) The graph shows the rates of photosynthesis and respiration in a plant over a 24 hour period. rate photosynthesis respiration midnight noon midnight time (i) Describe and explain the shape of the graph for the rate of respiration. [2] (ii) Describe and explain the shape of the graph for the rate of photosynthesis. [3] (c) Many years ago nurses used to remove all flowers and plants from the hospital ward at night and put them back next day. (i) Why did they do this? [1] (ii) Suggest why it is not done today. [1] 5 (Total 9 marks)

6 4 The table shows the amount of energy Jo uses for different activities. activity energy used in 1 minute (kj) lying still sitting 7 walking 10 dancing 30 running 44 (a) Use the data in the table to finish the bar chart. The first one has been done for you. energy used in 1 minute (kj) lying still sitting walking dancing running activity [2] (b) How much energy does she use when lying still for one minute?... kj [1] (c) How long does Jo have to walk to use the same amount of energy as she would use dancing for 10 minutes?... minutes [1] 6

7 (d) What energy does Jo use when she is sitting still? [1] (e) What does the bar chart show about the amount of energy Jo uses in different activities? [2] (Total 7 marks) 5 This question is about cells and inheritance. (a) The diagram shows an animal cell. (i) Label the diagram by using words from the list. cell membrane cell wall cytoplasm nucleus vacuole A B C (ii) Put a letter X on the diagram to show where the chromosomes are found. [1] (iii) What feature in the list is found in plant cells but not animal cells? [1] (b) Finish the sentences. Choose words from this list. chromosome cell dominant genes recessive Features such as eye colour and hair colour are controlled by genes. Features that always show are carried by a gene. Features carried by a recessive gene only show when two genes are together. [2] [2] 7

8 (c) Ro wants to grow raspberries on bushes without thorns. Use T as dominant for thorns and t as recessive for no thorns. (i) Ro crosses a thorn bush (TT) with a thornless bush (tt). T T t Tt Tt t Tt Tt Explain why she is disappointed with her results. [2] (ii) She crosses two of the new bushes. Complete the table. T t T t [1] (iii) What fraction of the new bushes are thornless? Explain your answer. [2] (Total 11 marks) 8

9 6 (a) The diagram shows a section through a human eye. suspensory ligaments C iris A B optic nerve ciliary muscles (i) Name parts A, B and C. A... B... C... [3] (ii) Which two parts in the diagram bend the light entering the eye? [2] (b) Circle each correct box in the table below to show what happens to each part when we focus on an object in the distance. part of the eye lens suspensory ligaments ciliary muscles What happens to each part? becomes more round become slack contract becomes long and thin become tight relax [3] 9

10 (c) Light from a lamp reaches the light sensitive part of the eye. Explain how a person sees this light. One mark will be awarded for correct spelling, punctuation and grammar.! [4+1] (d) (i) How does the eye change when you go into a brightly lit room? [1] (ii) Why does this happen? [1] (Total 15 marks) 10

11 7 Some parts of human blood are listed below: red blood cells phagocytes lymphocytes platelets plasma A B C D E The table below gives some of the functions of the blood. Complete the table by writing one letter in each box to link each function to the correct part of the blood. You may use each letter once, more than once or not at all. Function transport of urea Part of blood E production of antibodies transport of antibodies killing microorganisms by surrounding them then digesting them transport of oxygen transport of hormones helps the blood to clot [6] (Total 6 marks) 11

12 8 The leaf shown was partially covered with the strip of aluminium foil and the plant was left in bright light for three days. Top surface hole in foil Bottom surface aluminium foil (a) After three days the leaf was removed from the plant and the starch test was carried out. (i) On the diagram below shade in the areas which would contain starch. Top surface [2] 12

13 (ii) Complete the stages below by writing a word in each gap, to describe how the leaf was tested for starch. The leaf was dipped into boiling water to soften it. It was then put into boiling in a water bath for 10 minutes to remove the green colour from the leaf. The leaf was then dipped into water. It was laid flat in a Petri dish and solution was poured over the leaf. The parts which contained starch turned a colour. [3] (b) After three days some parts of the leaf did not contain starch. Explain why some parts did not contain starch. [2] (c) In which process would the amount of starch in a cell decrease? [1] (Total 8 marks) 13

14 9 (a) Complete the table below, which shows the break down of food substances in the human digestive system. Write in the missing word in each gap. food substance enzyme breaks down into amylase maltose (sugar) protein amino acids fats and oils lipase and [4] (b) The graph below shows an enzyme catalysed reaction at different temperatures. amount of product in arbitrary units B A C temperature C 14

15 Explain the effect of temperature on the enzyme and the amount of product, at positions A, B and C in the graph. A... [2] B... [2] C... [2] (Total 10 marks) 15

16 10 (a) Complete the following passage by filling in the gaps to show how acid rain is formed. Coal p wer station acid rain The pollutant which causes acid rain is released into the air when are burned. is given off into the air. An example when this gas is produced is at coal burning power stations and from.. The gas mixes with water vapour in the clouds and is formed. [4] (b) Explain effects of acid rain on: (i) plants (ii) herbivores [3] (Total 7 marks) 16

17 Centre number Candidate number Surname and initials Examining Group General Certificate of Secondary Education Biology Higher Tier For Examiner s use only Time: one and a half hours Instructions to candidates Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of this page. Answer ALL questions in the spaces provided on the question paper. Show all stages in any calculations and state the units. You may use a calculator. Include diagrams in your answers where this may be helpful. Information for candidates Total The number of marks available is given in brackets [2] at the end of each question or part question. The marks allocated and the spaces provided for your answers are a good indication of the length of answer required. Where you see this icon you will be awarded marks for the! quality of written communication in your answers. This means, for example, that you should: write in sentences use correct spelling, punctuation and grammar use correct scientific terms Letts Educational EDUCATIONAL

18 1 (a) The diagram shows a section through a human eye. suspensory ligaments C iris A B optic nerve ciliary muscles (i) Name parts A, B and C. A... B... C... [3] (ii) Which two parts in the diagram bend the light entering the eye? [2] 18

19 (b) Circle each correct box in the table below to show what happens to each part when we focus on an object in the distance. part of the eye lens suspensory ligaments ciliary muscles What happens to each part? becomes more round become slack contract becomes long and thin become tight relax [3] (c) Light from a red lamp reaches the light sensitive part of the eye. Explain how a person sees this red light. [5] (Total 13 marks) 19

20 2 Some parts of human blood are listed below: red blood cells phagocytes lymphocytes platelets plasma A B C D E The table below gives some of the functions of the blood. Complete the table by writing one letter in each box to link each function to the correct part of the blood. You may use each letter once, more than once or not at all. Function transport of urea Part of blood E production of antibodies transport of antibodies killing microorganisms by surrounding them then digesting them transport of oxygen transport of hormones helps the blood to clot [6] (Total 6 marks) 20

21 3 The leaf shown was partially covered with the strip of aluminium foil and the plant was left in bright light for three days. Top surface hole in foil Bottom surface aluminium foil (a) After three days the leaf was removed from the plant and the starch test was carried out. (i) On the diagram below shade in the areas which would contain starch. Top surface (ii) Complete the stages below by writing a word in each gap, to describe how the leaf was tested for starch. The leaf was dipped into boiling water to soften it. It was then put into boiling in a water bath for 10 minutes to remove the green colour from the leaf. The leaf was then dipped into water. [2] 21

22 It was laid flat in a Petri dish and solution was poured over the leaf. The parts which contained starch turned a colour. [3] (b) After three days some parts of the leaf did not contain starch. Explain why some parts did not contain starch? [2] (c) In which process would the amount of starch in a cell decrease? [1] (Total 8 marks) 4 (a) Complete the table below, which shows the break down of food substances in the human digestive system. Write in the missing word in each gap. food substance enzyme breaks down into amylase maltose (sugar) protein amino acids fats and oils lipase and [4] 22

23 (b) The graph below shows an enzyme catalysed reaction at different temperatures. amount of product in arbitrary units B A C temperature C Explain the effect of temperature on the enzyme and the amount of product, at positions A, B and C in the graph. A... [2] B... [2] C... [2] (Total 10 marks) 23

24 5 The diagram below shows the blood circulation in the human body. Head and arms Pulmonary artery Vena cava Right atrium Right ventricle Left atrium Pulmonary vein Left ventricle Aorta Lungs Hepatic vein Liver Stomach and intestine Kidneys Renal artery Rest of body 24

25 (a) List the parts in the correct order to show the shortest route taken by an oxygen molecule as it passes from the lungs to the kidneys, then returns to the lungs as part of a carbon dioxide molecule. Refer only to the parts which have been labelled on the diagram. Write your list in the table below. Some parts have been completed for you. Route Part 1 lungs 2 3 left atrium kidneys lungs [6] (b) What is the function of a valve in the heart? [1] (Total 7 marks) 25

26 6 The flow diagram below shows how the body regulates the level of glucose in the blood. blood glucose level increases blood glucose level decreases liver releases glucose into the blood sensory neurones detect blood glucose levels liver takes in excess glucose pancreas secretes glucagon pancreas secretes insulin Use the diagram above and your own knowledge to answer the following questions. (a) (i) Use the above diagram to explain how the regulation of blood glucose is an example of negative feedback. [4] (ii) Sensory neurones detected a high level of glucose in a person s blood. Explain how this level would be regulated. [3] 26

27 (b) (i) Some people cannot produce enough of the hormone insulin. Name the condition that they suffer from. [1] (ii) Explain two ways that sufferers of the condition can be helped [3] (Total 11 marks) 27

28 7 (a) Where in a nucleus would you find a gene? [1] (b) Complete the following sentence. An allele is a form of a gene. [1] Huntingdon s chorea is a disease passed on genetically by a dominant allele. The allele for Huntingdon s chorea is H. The allele for the normal condition is h. genotype Mr Simms Hh X Mrs Simms hh X genotype Petra hh Lucy Hh David Hh (c) (i) How many people included in the genetic diagram suffer from Huntingdon s chorea? [1] (ii) How many people included in the genetic diagram are homozygous? [1] (iii) What is the phenotype of Mr Simms? [1] 28

29 (d) Complete the genetic diagram below to show the possible genotypes if Lucy and David have children. (i) Lucy David Genotypes Hh Hh Possible gametes Possible genotypes of offspring [2] (ii) What is the chance of producing a child who suffers from Huntingdon s chorea? [1] (iii) What is the chance of producing a baby girl who does not suffer from Huntingdon s chorea? [1] (e) The symptoms of Huntingdon s chorea do not appear until a person is about years of age. Explain the effect this may have on the rate at which the disease is spread through the population? [2] (Total 11 marks) 29

30 8 (a) Complete the following passage by filling in the gaps to show how acid rain is formed. Coal p wer station acid rain The pollutant which causes acid rain is released into the air when are burned. is given off into the air. An example when this gas is produced is at coal burning power stations and from. The gas mixes with water vapour in the clouds and is formed. [4] (b) Explain effects of acid rain on: (i) plants (ii) herbivores [3] (Total 7 marks) 30

31 9 (a) The diagram shows a kidney nephron and its connecting blood vessels. Bowman's capsule B A Renal vein C Collecting duct D E Complete the table below to identify what takes place at the position marked by each letter on the diagram. The first one has been done for you. Process in kidney Urea and some water pass through, as glucose has already been reabsorbed Glucose passes back into blood capillaries Waste substances pass to the bladder letter D Urea, glucose, salts and water pass into the nephron Blood passes from the renal artery to the glomerulus Ultrafiltration takes place [5] (b) A person stays in a hot room. Explain the effect of the hormone ADH on the regulation of water in the person s body. [3] (Total 8 marks) 31

32 # # 10 (a) The flow diagram below shows the transfer of the gene for insulin production from a human cell to a bacterium. Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Stage 5 Human cell # Chromosome Bacterium Plasmid Use the flow diagram above and your own knowledge to explain how the process takes place. In this question you will be assessed on the quality of written information.! [5+1] 32

33 (b) After stage 5, the genetically engineered bacteria are put into an industrial fermenter. (i) A suitable temperature is needed to enable the bacteria to reproduce effectively. Explain how this condition can be achieved. [2] (ii) Why do the bacteria need a suitable temperature to reproduce effectively? [1] (Total 9 marks) 33

London Examinations IGCSE

Centre No. Candidate No. Surname Signature Initial(s) Paper Reference(s) 4325/1F London Examinations IGCSE Biology Paper 1F Foundation Tier Wednesday 11 May 2005 Morning Time: 1 hour 30 minutes Materials