Exam 3 Practice Key. radiation is too strong and will break molecular bonds.

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Exam 3 Practice Key 1. The scientist responsible for figuring out the equation for photosynthesis was A. van Helmont. B. Priestly. C. Ingenhous. D. desaussure. 2. A chemoautotroph would use?

1 Exam 3 Practice Key 1. The scientist responsible for figuring out the equation for photosynthesis was A. van Helmont. B. Priestly. C. Ingenhous. D. desaussure. 2. A chemoautotroph would use? as a source of energy to build carbon based molecules. A. sunlight B. water C. raw chemicals D. whatever it could find 3. The leaf structures which function similar to the nostrils of an animal are the A. grana. B. stomata. C. chlorophylls. D. thylakoid membranes. 4. (4) Fill-in the blank with an appropriate light radiation band. Gamma, X-ray, and UV radiation is too strong and will break molecular bonds. Infrared, Microwave, and Radio wave radiation is too weak to excite electrons to power photosynthesis. 5. (4) Explain why a solution of isolated chlorophyll expresses red light after exposure to white light and then placed in the dark? The isolated chlorophyll pigments glow red because this is the dominate energy band that was absorbed when the pigment was exposed to the white light. 6. The metal atom associated with the chlorophyll molecule is A. iron. B. copper. C. magnesium. D. oxygen. 7. (6) Draw and label a flow diagram depicting a non-cyclic photosystem? Biology& 1160

2 8. The cyclic photosynthetic reactions are required to provide enough? to run the dark reactions. A. O2 B. CO2 C. NADPH + H + D. ATP 9. (6) Describe the events of the Light Independent Reactions (Calvin-Benson cycle or Dark Reactions) of carbon fixation (building G3P)? The ATP is added to the CO2 to break the bonds of one of the oxygens attached to the carbon. This requires 2ATP because the oxygens are bonded to the carbon by two bonds. Once the oxygen is removed the NADPH adds one electron to attract the hydrogen proton to the open bonding site on the CO. This happens twice to build a G3P intermediate molecule. This fixes the carbon into the G3P molecule. 10. (4) Describe the CO2 fixation logic in C3 versus C4 plants to survive drought like conditions? The C3 plants fix CO2 entering the leaf when stomata are open into a G3P in the mesophyll cells of the green parts of plants (mainly leaves) when water is plentiful during the spring, early parts of the summer, and again in the fall before the winter cold sets in for the year. When the summer heat or winter cold begins these plants breakdown the photosynthetic pigments and go into senescence (sort of like hibernation with very low metabolism but not dead during these periods. 11. The scientist that worked out the steps of fermentation was A. Buchner. B. Pasteur. C. Krebs. D. von Leibig. 12. The scientist that worked out how fermentation related to the total breakdown of glucose was A. Buchner. B. Pasteur. C. Krebs. D. von Leibig. 13. (4) Explain why the investment phase of glycolysis is performed? Enzymes immediately add a phosphate from an ATP to glucose forming glucose-6-phosphate upon its entry into a cell to prevent the glucose from reaching equilibrium and potentially diffusing out of the cell. This is followed by the addition of a second phosphate from a different ATP to the other end of the molecule to balance its molecular appearance. This allows an enzyme to recognize the central bond between the 3 rd and 4 th carbon and cleave this bond. Both additions of the phosphate are accomplished by kinase enzymes 14. The ATP made from glycolysis happens because of A. direct phosphorylation. B. photophosphorylation. C. oxidative phosphorylation. D. something you did. Biology& 2160

3 15. The enzyme of glycolysis that splits glucose is called A. scissorase. B. Aldolase. C. mutase. D. kinase. 16. (6) Cite where and why the carbon dioxide is released from cellular respiration under aerobic condition? The first CO2 is released when one of the pyruvate molecules from glycolysis is attached to the Coenzyme A transport molecule and the next two CO2 molecules from a pyruvate are released from the Kreb s cycle as the bonds of the acetyl group that was added to the oxaloacetic acid were spun through the cycle. As the CO2 are released electrons from hydrogen atoms are given to NAD + and transported to the electron transport shuttle (chain or system). 17. The number of NADH + H + s produced by glycolysis and the Krebs cycle per glucose is A. 2. B. 34. C. 8. D The transport step between glycolysis and the Krebs cycle occurs because of the A. mitochondrial membranes. B. distance. C. volatility of pyruvate. D. size of pyruvate. 20. The starting molecule of the Krebs cycle that is combined with the acetyl group from glycolysis is called A. dehydrogenase.. B. citric acid C. ketoglutarate. D. oxaloacetic acid. 20. (6) Explain why the rearrangement portion of the Krebs cycle is needed and cite the enzymes that do this portion of the cycle? The rearrangement portion is needed to rebuild the oxaloacetic acid so that is available to bind to the next acetyl group brought to the Kreb s cycle by Coenzyme A. 21. The total number of ATP s produced directly from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle per glucose is A. 2. B. 4. C. 6. D. who do we appreciate? Biology& 3160

22. (6) Describe and draw a diagram that would show the principles behind ATP production via the Electron Transport Chain the final electron acceptor from complex IV Note this figure is missing the

4 22. (6) Describe and draw a diagram that would show the principles behind ATP production via the Electron Transport Chain the final electron acceptor from complex IV Note this figure is missing the oxygen atom as 23. (6) Explain the role of NADH + H + and FADH2 play in the production of ATP? The NADH + H + and the FADH2 are electron carrier molecules which act as electron delivery trucks bringing fresh electrons from either glycolysis, the transport step, or the Krebs cycle to the ETS cytochromes. Once they arrive at the starting cytochrome (complex I for NADH and complex II for FADH2) they are oxidized and the cytochrome is reduced. This action begins the electron keep away from the H + proton process to reduce the energy of the electrons that is used to build up a hydrogen gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. This potential energy is converted to kinetic energy through ATP Synthase to build ATP molecules. This only works if O2 is present to receive the electrons from the chain. 24. The final electron acceptor of the ETS is A. cytochrome C3. B. hydrogen. C. sodium. D. oxygen. 25. The waste product produced by the ETS is A. CO2. B. NADPH + H +. C. H2O. D. NH (4) Cite two reasons why lipids are not used as the primary energy releasing molecule? Lipids are needed for other purposes within a functioning cell or organism. Some are used as insulation barriers, padding around vital organs, as precursor for some hormones, or to build phospholipid molecules. The second problem is that their breakdown products are more toxic than the CO2 produced by carbohydrates. 27. One of the easiest ways to regulate ATP production by cells is by? production A. ATP B. NADH +H + C. no way Jose can you regulate D. hormone Biology& 4160

5 28. (2) Explain why you couldn t exist on the lactic acid shuttle even if you remained real quiet the rest of your life? The lactic acid shuttle produces 2ATP s for each glucose molecule run through glycolysis and this would not be enough ATP to power for even the quietest of cells for a sustained period of time like for more than five or so minutes. 29. (3) Explain the interrelatedness of photosynthesis and cellular respiration? The goals of photosynthesis it is to make glucose and other organic molecules by using sunlight to make ATP to break apart CO2 to add H + protons from H2O. The processes of cellular respiration take apart glucose by splitting bonds to release energy captured in the formation of ATP. So essentially they are the reverse of each other or put together the glucose of photosynthesis is accomplished by reducing CO2 and oxidizing H2O while cellular respiration is accomplished by reducing O2 to make H2O and oxidizing glucose to make CO The scientist that discovered the process of meiosis in salamander ovaries was A. Fleming. B. Weismann. C. Pasteur. D. your mom. 31. Binary fission is performed by prokaryotes when A. times are good. B. times are bad. C. they feel the urge. D. variability is needed. Biology& 5160

Cell Respiration Assignment Score. Name Sec.. Date.

Cell Respiration Assignment Score. Name Sec.. Date. Working by alone or in a group, answer the following questions about Cell Respiration. This assignment is worth 30 points with the possible points for