Cambridge IGCSE Science. Syllabus 0654 for 2016 Exam

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1 Cambridge IGCSE Science Syllabus 0654 for 2016 Exam

2 What is in this revision guide? 1. A topic checklist: here you can find the names of all of the topics we cover. You can tick them off when we do them in class, when you have completed the revision guide for the topic and when you have studied them at home. The next sections are the revision guide: There are questions you should answer that will give you a full set of notes for the whole of IGCSE Science. 2. Biology revision pages 3. Chemistry revision pages 4. Physics revision pages Any grey shaded boxes show content from the extended syllabus (for the harder Paper 3 exam)

3 0654 Topic list B1. Characteristics of Living Organisms B2. Cells B3. Enzymes B4. Nutrition B5. Transportation B6. Respiration B7. Coordination and Response B8. Reproduction B9. Inheritance B10. Energy Flow in Ecosystems B11. Human Influences on the Ecosystem C1. The Particulate Nature of Matter C2. Experimental Techniques C3. Atoms, Elements and Compounds C4. Stoichiometry C5. Electricity and Chemistry C6. Energy Changes in Chemical Reactions C7. Chemical Reactions C8. Acids, Bases and Salts C9. The Periodic Table C10. Metals C11. Air and Water C12. Sulphur C13. Carbonates C14. Organic Chemistry Covered in class Revision guide completed Studied at home P1. Motion P2. Matter and Forces P3. Energy, Work and Power P4. Simple Kinetic Molecular Model of Matter P5. Matter and Thermal Properties P6. Transfer of Thermal Energy P7. Waves P8. Light P9. Electromagnetic Spectrum P10. Sound P11. Magnetism P12. Electricity P13. Electric Circuits P14. Electromagnetic Effects P15. Radioactivity

Biology Page 4 B1 List and describe the seven life processes 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. B2 Label these cell diagrams (Image: Ethan Daniel (2008) Sci dia 126, http://en.wikipedia.

4 Biology Page 4 B1 List and describe the seven life processes B2 Label these cell diagrams (Image: Ethan Daniel (2008) Sci dia 126, ci_dia_126.gif#filelinks Licensed under CC Sharealike 3.0) How are plant cells different to animal cells? What is the formula relating magnification, image size and actual size of diagrams and photos? x

5 Biology Page 5 Define diffusion? Name 2 examples of where diffusion is important Define osmosis? Give some examples of where it is important for animals and plants Draw or describe the effects of hypertonic, hypotonic and isotonic solutions on plant and animal cells B3 What is an enzyme? Draw and annotate a graph to show what happens to enzyme activity with increasing temperature

6 Biology Page 6 Draw and annotate a graph to show what happens to enzyme activity with increasing ph B4 Humans Tick which elements make up these biological molecules. Carbohydrates Fats Proteins Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Draw a diagram of a fat molecule (label its parts) Draw a diagram of a protein molecule (label its parts) Draw a diagram of a carbohydrate molecule (label its parts)

7 Biology Page 7 Describe the food test for each of these nutrients (you can do a diagram) Starch Positive result: Reducing sugars Positive result: Protein Positive result: Fat Complete this table for the nutrients Positive result: Nutrient Use in the body Which foods contain it? Carbohydrate Fat Protein Fibre

8 Biology Page 8 Water Vitamin C Vitamin D Iron Calcium Define nutrition Describe the deficiency symptoms for these vitamins and minerals Vitamin C Vitamin D Calcium Iron What is a balanced diet made of? Why is this different for different people? Define the following Ingestion: Digestion: Egestion:

Biology Page 9 Draw or explain peristalsis Label this diagram of the digestive system (Image: Burce Blaus (2013) 0316 Digestive System http://en.wikipedia.

9 Biology Page 9 Draw or explain peristalsis Label this diagram of the digestive system (Image: Burce Blaus (2013) 0316 Digestive System lausen_0316_digestivesystem.png Licensed CC 3.0 Unported) What is the function of these parts of the digestive system? Mouth: Oesophagus: Stomach: Liver and gall bladder: Small intestine: Large intestine:

10 Biology Page 10 What is bile and where is it made? What is the function of bile? Label this diagram of a villus (Image: By Snow93 (Own work) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons) What is the function of villi? How are they adapted to this function? Complete this table about enzymes found in the digestive system Type of enzyme Carbohydrase Lipase Where is it found in the digestive system? Example Substrate Product Protease

Biology Page 11 Complete this table with the structure and function of different teeth (Image: Gray s anatomy) Name Molar Premolar Canine Incisor Shape Function Descibe

11 Biology Page 11 Complete this table with the structure and function of different teeth (Image: Gray s anatomy) Name Molar Premolar Canine Incisor Shape Function Descibe tooth decay? Explain the use of microorganisms in yoghurt production Explain the following problems caused by malnutrition Starvation Coronary heart disease Constipation Obesity

Name 2 factors which affect the rate of photosynthesis 1. 2. Label this cross section of a leaf (Image: By Zephyris (Own work) [CC-BY-SA-3.

12 Biology Page 12 B4 Plants What is photosynthesis? Write the word equation for photosynthesis. Write the balanced symbol equation What is the function of chlorophyll? Name 2 factors which affect the rate of photosynthesis Label this cross section of a leaf (Image: By Zephyris (Own work) [CC-BY-SA-3.0 ( enses/by-sa/3.0) or GFDL ( dl.html)], via Wikimedia Commons)

13 Biology Page 13 What does a plant need these ions for? What happens if they don t have enough? Magnesium Deficiency symptoms: Nitrate Deficiency symptoms: B5 Plants What is the function of the... Draw diagrams to show the arrangement of xylem and phloem in the following parts of a plant Xylem Phloem Root Stem Leaf Name and label this cell. How is it adapted to its function? Name:

14 Biology Page 14 Describe how water passes from the soil to the air through the plant. Name the parts it goes through. Define transpiration? What is the effect of the following on transpiration rate? Temperature Humidity Light intensity Explain the mechanism of water uptake an movement in terms of transpiration creating a pull (tension) Define translocation?

Biology Page 15 B5 Humans Label this diagram of the heart. (Image: Yaddah (2006) See page for author [GFDL (http://www.gnu.

0/)], via Wikimedia Commons) How does the heart work?

15 Biology Page 15 B5 Humans Label this diagram of the heart. (Image: Yaddah (2006) See page for author [GFDL ( html) or CC-BY-SA-3.0 ( nses/by-sa/3.0/)], via Wikimedia Commons) How does the heart work? (include the words muscle and valves in your answer) Humans have double circulation. Draw/explain what this means. What is coronary heart disease? Describe how it can lead to a heart attack What happens to pulse rate when we exercise? Why?

16 Biology Page 16 Name the blood vessels to and from these organs Draw diagrams of an artery, vein and capillary. Label their adaptations. Lungs Kidneys Liver Blood vessel to organ Blood vessel away from organ Artery Vein Capillary State the components of blood and their function. Draw/Explain the role of the white blood cells in the immune system Antibody production Phagocytosis Tissue rejection

17 B6 Define respiration. Why do cells need energy? Define aerobic respiration. Write the word equation for aerobic respiration. Write the balanced symbol equation What is anaerobic respiration? Write the word equation for anaerobic respiration in muscles What is the effect of lactic acid on muscles? Write the word equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast Where is yeast respiration useful to us? What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? Biology Page 17

Biology Page 18 Label this diagram of the respiratory system (image: By Yoshina (Own work) [CC-BY- SA-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-sa/3.

18 Biology Page 18 Label this diagram of the respiratory system (image: By Yoshina (Own work) [CC-BY- SA-3.0 ( by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons) Write what happens to the diaphragm, volume and pressure in the chest when we breathe in/out State the differences between inspired and expired air Diaphragm Chest volume Pressure in the chest Air moves Inhalation Exhalation

19 Biology Page 19 Draw an alveolus. Add arrows to show the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Draw and label these cells found in the respiratory system. State their function. Goblet cell Cilliated epithelial cell Write about these substances found in tobacco smoke. Function: Nicotine Carbon monoxide Tar Function: Describe these diseases caused by smoking Emphysema Bronchitis

20 Biology Page 20 What happens to our breathing when we exercise? Why? B7 Label the central and peripheral nervous system on this diagram (Image: By Sue Clark (Flickr: page 214 Nervous System) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons) Define the following words Draw a diagram and explain the function of each of these neurones. Stimulus Response Nerve Neurone Receptor Sensory neurone Relay neurone Diagram Function and adaptations Motor neurone What is a reflex arc? State an example of a reflex.

Biology Page 21 Label this eye diagram with the names and functions of each part. (Image: By National Eye Institute, USA, no restrictions http://commons.wikimedia.

21 Biology Page 21 Label this eye diagram with the names and functions of each part. (Image: By National Eye Institute, USA, no restrictions /wiki/file:eye_diagram_withou t_text.gif#file) Draw/write how the eye focuses near objects Draw/write how the eye focuses far objects Define hormone When is adrenaline produced? What are the effects of adrenaline? Compare nervous and hormonal control.

22 Biology Page 22 Define Phototropism: Geotropism: What are auxins? Describe their effects on cells in phototropism and geotropism. Define homeostasis Label this diagram of the skin (Image: Ngb (2006) /wiki/file:diagram_of_human_ skin.jpg licensed under CC 3.0 Unported) Define negative feedback

Biology Page 23 Complete this negative feedback diagram to show

TEMPERATURE V of TOO HIGH arterioles Body hairs Normal body

this negative feedback diagram to show how blood glucose levels

GLUCOSE LEVELS TOO HIGH Normal blood glucose concentration S V

23 Biology Page 23 Complete this negative feedback diagram to show how body temperature is maintained (thermoregulat ion) BODY S TEMPERATURE V of TOO HIGH arterioles Body hairs Normal body Normal body temperature temperature (37 o C) (37 o C) Complete this negative feedback diagram to show how blood glucose levels are maintained BODY TEMPERATURE TOO LOW detects change produced GLUCOSE LEVELS TOO HIGH Normal blood glucose concentration S V arterioles Body hairs of Normal blood glucose concentration GLUCOSE LEVELS TOO LOW

24 Biology Page 24 B8 Define and state the advantages and disadvantages of Sexual reproduction: Advantages Disadvantages Asexual reproduction: Advantages Disadvantages Draw and label an insect pollinated flower Draw and label a wind pollinated flower

25 Biology Page 25 Compare the wind and insect pollinated flower structures. State the function of the following flower parts Sepals: Petals: Anthers: Stigmas: Ovaries: Define pollination Name some agents of pollination State the conditions needed for germination Draw and label a seed (include: embryo, radicle, plumule and cotyledons, and testa) Why do some plants make fruits?

26 Biology Page 26 Describe and give a named example of seed/fruit dispersal by Wind: Animals: Label the male reproductive system diagram. Add the function of each part. (Image: By US Federal Government/National Cancer Institute. [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons)

27 Label the female reproductive system diagram. Add the function of each part. Biology Page 27 (Image: By CDC, Mysid [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons) Complete this table about the menstrual cycle by writing which day(s) the diagrams show and what is happening in the uterus lining and ovary. (Image: By CFCF (Own work) [CC-BY-SA-3.0 ( licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons) Days Uterus lining Ovary Define fertilisation Describe what happens after fertilisation

28 Biology Page 28 Describe the functions of the following during pregnancy Amniotic sac: Amniotic fluid: Placenta: Umbilical cord: Describe the advantages and disadvantages of the following Breast feeding Advantages Disadvantages Bottle feeding with formula milk Advantages Disadvantages Describe the methods of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Describe how HIV can be prevented from spreading

29 Biology Page 29 Describe how HIV/AIDS effects the immune system of someone with the disease B9 Define Inheritance: Chromosome: Gene: Allele: Diploid nucleus: Haploid nucleus: Describe the inheritance of sex in humans Define mitosis What is mitosis used for? Define meiosis

30 Biology Page 30 What is meiosis used for? Define and give an example of the following words Genotype: E.g. Phenotype: E.g. Homozygous: E.g. Heterozygous: E.g. Dominant: E.g. Recessive: E.g.

31 Biology Page 31 Complete this genetic diagram to show the outcome of the cross of two heterozygous brown eyed individuals Parents phenotype Parents genotype Gametes Punnet square Phenotype ratio Complete this genetic diagram to show the outcome of the cross of pea plants. One heterozygous with round seeds (Rr) and one homozygous recessive for wrinkled seeds. Parents phenotype Parents genotype Gametes Punnet square Phenotype ratio

32 Biology Page 32 Define and complete the information for the following vocabulary Variation: Continuous variation: Cause(s): Examples: Discontinuous variation: Cause(s): Examples: Mutation: Causes: What is artificial selection? Give 2 examples of where it is useful to us. Artificial selection: Define natural selection

33 Biology Page 33 Explain how natural selection could lead to evolution Describe how and why there are antibiotic resistant bacteria B10 What is the source of energy in biological systems? Define and give an example of all of the following Producer: E.g. Consumer: E.g. Herbivore: E.g. Carnivore: E.g. Decomposer: E.g. Ecosystem: E.g. Trophic level: E.g.

34 Biology Page 34 What is a food chain? Give 2 examples. What do the arrows in a food chain show? What happens to the energy as it is passed along the food chain? Why do food chains usually have fewer than 5 trophic levels? What is a food web? Draw an example. Food chain: E.g. 1 E.g. 2

35 Biology Page 35 Draw or write about the carbon cycle (include: plants, consumers, fossil fuels, Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, Carbon dioxide dissolved in the oceans) Describe and explain the effect of the following on carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere Deforestation: Burning fossil fuels:

36 Biology Page 36 B11 List the undesirable effects of the following human activities: Deforestation: Water pollution by sewage: Water pollution by chemical waste: Air pollution by greenhouse gases: Overuse of fertilisers: Complete this table about acid rain Causes Effects on organisms Effects on buildings How to reduce it.

37 Biology Page 37 Explain how increasing greenhouses gases are thought to cause global warming. Explain the importance of the following. You can give examples. Conservation of species and their habitats Conservation of water Conservation of fossil fuels

Angel International School - Manipay

c Grade 10 Angel International School - Manipay 1 st Term Examination November 2016 Biology Duration: 3Hours Index No:- Choose the correct answer and underline it. (1) When a red stain is added to a culture