2014 Secondary Three Biology Curriculum Outline

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Karin Austin
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1 Week 1 Theory Week Cell structure and Organization. Identify from prepared slides or from fresh preparations using appropriate temporary staining technique or on diagrams or photomicrographs, the cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus and cytoplasm, sap vacuole, and chloroplasts in a plant cell & in an animal cell Identify from diagrams or photomicrographs, the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, Golgi body & ribosomes State the functions of the membrane systems and organelles identified above. 2.2 Specialised cells Compare the structures of typical animal and plant cells State, in simple terms, the relationship between cell function and cell structure for the following: - absorption root hair cells - conduction and support xylem vessels - transport of oxygen red blood cells - contraction muscle cells Identify these cells from preserved material under microscope, from diagrams and from photomicrographs W2 Investigation 1.1 Investigation 1.2 winkelhage.com/cells.htm Week Tissue and organs Define tissue, organ and organ system Differentiate cell, tissue, organ and organ system as illustrated by examples in chapters 6 12

2 Week 3 Theory 3.1 Diffusion and Osmosis Define diffusion as the movement of molecules from a region of their higher concentration to a region of their lower concentration, down a concentration gradient W3 Week 4 Discuss the importance of diffusion in nutrient uptake & gaseous exchange in plants and humans Define osmosis as the passage of water molecules from a region of their higher concentration to a region of their lower concentration, through a partially permeable membrane Discuss the effects of osmosis on plant and animal tissues 3.2 Active Transport Define active transport and discuss its importance as an energyconsuming process by which substances are transported against a concentration gradient, as in ion uptake by root hairs and uptake of glucose by cells in the villi. State the roles of water in living organisms Inv. 2.3 A viswiki.com/en/osmosis dvbs.eu.org/diffusion Inv. 2.4 Inv. 2.5 (SPA Trial) vodpod.com/watch/ cell-membrane-active-transport (TDP)

3 Define enzymes as proteins which functions as biological catalysts Theory Week 5 4 Enzymes Explain enzymes action in terms of the lock and key hypothesis W4 Investigate and describe the effect of temperature on enzyme activity Investigate and describe the effect of ph on enzyme activity Explain the mode of enzyme action in terms of active site, enzymesubstrate complex, lowering of activation energy & enzyme specificity Inv. 4.2B (SPA Portfolio activity) careflash.com/video/enzymes?l c=en Week 6 5 Nutrition List the chemical elements which make up carbohydrates, fats and proteins List the principal sources of, and describe the dietary importance of: carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vodpod.com/watch/ enzyme Theory W5 State that large molecules are synthesised from smaller basic units glycogen from glucose; polypeptides & proteins from amino acids; lipids from fatty acids & glycerol Describe & carry out tests for: - starch (iodine solution) - reducing sugars (Benedict s solution) - proteins (biuret test) - fats (ethanol emulsion) Inv. 3.2 (SPA Skill 3 follow through activity)

4 Identify the main regions of the alimentary canal and the associated Theory Week 7 6 Nutrition in Humans organs: mouth, salivary glands, oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, Week 8 pancreas, gall-bladder, liver, ileum, colon, rectum, anus W6 Describe the main functions of these parts in relation to ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation and egestion of food, as appropriate Practice on past Common Test papers 2009 and 2010 to prepare for Common Test Describe peristalsis Explain why most foods must be digested Describe : - digestion in the alimentary canal - the functions of a typical amylase, protease and lipase, listing the substrate and end-products Describe the structure of a villus including the role of capillaries and lacteals Describe the significance of villi in increasing the internal surface area State the function of the hepatic portal as the route taken by most of the food absorbed from the small intestine State the role of the liver in carbohydrate metabolism, fat metabolism, breakdown of red blood cells, metabolism of amino acids & the formation of urea, breakdown of alcohol, including the effects of excessive alcohol consumption. Inv. 5.3 youtube.com/watch?v=qtdgqj OGPJM vodpod.com/watch/ how-the-body-works-thedigestive-system snagtube.com/watch-video/thedigestive-system-animation Common Test 1 Topics (Wk 9): Cells Movement of substances Nutrients Enzymes Nutrition in Humans

5 Term 2 State the equation (in words and symbols) for photosynthesis Theory Week 1 7 Nutrition in Plants Week 3 Understand that chlorophyll traps light energy and convert it into chemical energy for the formation of carbohydrates and their subsequent storage Identify and label the cellular and tissue structure of a dicotyledonous leaf, as seen in cross section under the microscope and describe the significance of these features in terms of function, i.e. - distribution of chloroplasts - photosynthesis - stomata and mesophyll cells gaseous exchange - vascular bundles transport Outline the intake of carbon dioxide & water by plants Investigate and state the effect of varying light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration and temperature on the rate of photosynthesis (e.g. in submerged aquatic plants) Discuss light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration & temperature as limiting factors on the rate of photosynthesis W7 Inv. 6.1 Inv. 6.3 Inv. 6.4 britannica.com/youtube (Useful for starch test and processes of photosynthesis) youtube.com/watch?v=2khwut BCWpM&feature=channel (Fun with photosynthesis)

6 Term 2 8 Transport in Humans Identify red and white blood cells as seen under the microscope on Theory Week 4 Week 5 prepared slides, and in diagrams and photomicrographs List the components of blood as red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, plasma State the functions of blood: - red blood cells haemoglobin and oxygen transport - white blood cells phagocytosis, antibody formation, tissue rejection - platelets fibrinogen to fibrin causing clotting - plasma transport blood cells, ions, soluble foods substances, hormones, carbon dioxide, urea, vitamins, plasma proteins List the different ABO blood groups & all possible combinations for the donor & recipient in blood transfusion Describe the structure and function of the heart in terms of muscular contraction and the working of valves Outline the cardiac cycle in terms of what happens during systole & diastole Compare the structure and function of arteries, veins and capillaries W8 Level 2 UbD: Heart Diseases (Main stream) TDP Project: Thermoresponsive Hydrogel ( ) youtube.com/watch?v=hlnr5p u2ehq videosurf.com/videos/circulator y+system MYE Topics (Wk 8): Name the main blood vessels to and from the heart, lungs, liver and kidney Describe the transfer of materials between capillaries and tissue fluid Describe the coronary heart disease in terms of the occlusion of coronary arteries and analyse the possible causes (diet, stress, smoking) and preventative measures Cells Movement of Substances Nutrients Enzymes Nutrition in Humans Nutrition in Plants Transport in Humans

7 Term 2 Identify the positions of xylem and phloem tissues as seen in Theory Week 6 9 Transport in Flowering transverse sections of unthickened, herbaceous, dicotyledonous Week 7 Plants roots, stems and leaves under the light microscope W9 State the functions of xylem and phloem Relate the structure and functions of root hairs to their surface area, and to water and ion uptake Explain the movement of water between plant cells, and between them & the environment in terms of water potential Outline the pathway by which water is transported from the roots to the leaves through the xylem vessels Define the term transpiration & explain that transpiration is a consequence of gaseous exchange in plants Describe the effects of variation of temperature, humidity and light intensity on transpiration rate How wilting occurs Define the term translocation as the transport of food in the phloem tissue & illustrate the process through translocation studies Inv. 8.2: (SPA portfolio) Inv. 8.5 Inv. 8.7 Inv. 8.8: (SPA Skill 3 practice) youtube.com/watch?v=ovfrpr ZDxyE

8 Term 3 20 Molecular Genetics outline the relationship between DNA, genes & chromosomes Week 1 Week 3 Theory state the structure of DNA in terms of the bases, sugar and phosphate groups found in each of their nucleotides state the rule of complementary base pairing state that DNA is used to carry the genetic code, which is used to synthesise specific polypeptides Q 1 & 2 Pg 388, TB. Q 1-5 Pg 399 TB state that each gene is a sequence of nucleotides, as part of a DNA molecule explain that genes may be transferred between cells (reference should be made to transfer between organisms of the same or different species) briefly explain how a gene that controls the production of human insulin can be inserted into bacterial DNA to produce human insulin in medical biotechnology outline the process of large-scale production of insulin using fermenters discuss the social & ethical implications of genetic engineering, with reference to a named example

9 Term 3 Theory Week 4 18 Cell Division State the importance of mitosis in growth, repair and asexual Week 7 reproduction Ex[plain the need for the production of genetically identical cells and fine control of replication Identify, with the aid of diagrams, the main stages of mitosis State what is meant by homologous pairs of chromosomes Identify, with the aid of diagrams, the main stages of meiosis (Names of sub-divisions of prophase are not required) Define the terms haploid and diploid, and explain the need for reduction division process prior to fertilization in sexual reproduction State how meiosis and fertilization can lead to variation Q 1-4 Pg 351, TB. =kvmb4js99ta =NR0mdDJMHIQ E-Learning on MItosis in Moodle - Lecture - Quiz - Forum

10 Term 4 Theory Week 1 16 Asexual Define asexual reproduction as the process resulting in the Week 3 Reproduction in Plants production of genetically identical offspring from one parent Define sexual reproduction as the process involving the fusion of nuclei to form the zygote and the production of genetically dissimilar offspring Identify and draw, using a hand lens if necessary, the sepals, petals, stamens and carpels of one, locally available, named, insect-pollinated, dicotyledonous flower, and examine the pollen grains under a microscope State the functions of the sepals, petals, anthers and carpels Use a hand lens to identify and describe the anthers and stigmas or one, locally available, named, wind-pollinated flower, and examine the pollen grains under a microscope Outline the process of pollination and distinguish between selfpollination and cross-pollination Compare, using fresh specimens, an insect-pollinated and a windpollinated flower Describe the growth of the pollen tube and its entry into the ovule followed by fertilisation (production of endosperm and details of development are not required) W16 Reproduction in Plants Q 1 3 Pg 310, TB. Inv Inv SPA Trial Skills 1 & 2: Digestion of starch by amylase

11 Term 3 Identify on diagrams of the male reproduction system and give Theory Week 4 17 Sexual Reproduction the functions of : testes, scrotum, sperm ducts, prostate gland, Week 6 in man urethra & penis Identify on diagrams of the female reproduction system and give the functions of : ovaries, oviducts, uterus, cervix and vagina Compare male and female gametes in terms of size, number and mobility Describe the menstrual cycle with reference to the alternation of menstruation and ovulation, the natural variation in its length, and the fertile and infertile phase of the cycle W17 Q 1-4 Pg 334, TB. Describe fertilization and early development of the zygote simply in terms of the formation of a ball of cells which becomes implanted in the wall of the uterus. State the functions of the amniotic sac and the amniotic fluid Describe the function of the placenta and umbilical cord in relation to exchange of dissolved nutrients, gases and excretory products. (structural details are not required) Discuss the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and methods by which it may be controlled

Cambridge O Level Biology Syllabus code 5090 All candidates enter for three papers Papers 1 and 2 and Paper 6. PAPER 1 Multiple Choice

Cambridge O Level Biology Syllabus code 5090 All candidates enter for three papers Papers 1 and 2 and Paper 6. PAPER 1 Multiple Choice 1 Dawood Public School Syllabus for 2010 2011 Class IX Subject Biology Books: Kwan.L. 2000, Comprehensive Biology(3 ed),singapore; Federal Publication Mackean.D, GCE O Level Biology, Oxford University