Efecto de la exposición temprana a la sucralosa sobre el consumo de líquidos en ratas

Transcription

1 Revista Mexicana de Trastornos Alimentarios/Mexican Journal of Eating Disorders 4 (2013) ISSN: Revista Mexicana de Trastornos Alimentarios Mexican Journal of Eating Disorders Journal homepage: Efecto de la exposición temprana a la sucralosa sobre el consumo de líquidos en ratas Antonio López-Espinoza, Alma Gabriela Martínez Moreno, Ana Patricia Zepeda Salvador, Virginia Gabriela Aguilera Cervantes, Patricia López-Uriarte, Elia Valdés Miramontes, Monica Navarro-Meza, Lucia Cristina Vázquez Cisneros, Ana Cristina Espinoza Abstract - Resumen INFORMACIÓN ARTÍCULO Recibido: 04/10/2013 Revisado: 25/11/2013 Aceptado: 30/11/2013 Introduction texture provide the animals with important informa- if a food should be consumed or avoided, responding to taste elements based on innate and learned preferences, and also, animals learn to avoid foods with - Zapotlán el Grande, Jalisco, México, Key words: Palabras clave: toxic effects and prefer those that provide nutritional - refore, the adaptive evolutionary development has

2 Revista Mexicana de Trastornos Alimentarios/Mexican Journal of Eating Disorders 4 (2013) ISSN: Several authors have studied the effect of diffe- - - presented simultaneously with a sucrose solution, a saccharine solution, and water, rats consumed twice - saccharine and sucrose solutions are independent to each other and that sucrose solution consumption of stress on water, sucralose solution and glucose lose solution during the exposure to stress compared to no-stress phases, while an increase in glucose so- analyzed the effect of water or sucralose consumption on eating behavior of male rats, varying sweetener concentration ported that at low quantities the rats did not prefer sucralose, whereas at high concentrations they avoided bimodal differences in the preference and aversion for sucralose in rats, their reports indicate that about half of the rats preferred sucralose in comparison to These authors pointed out that sucralose seem to be - It has been reported that sucralose combined with maltodextrine (Splenda) increases the palatability of solution and decreases aversion to taste of sweetener ings is the use of rats that were not previously exposed preferences and aversions to sucralose sweetened - months of their lives showed a higher preference towards sweetened water when compared to those Nevertheless, two aspects which should be considered in the procedures to exposing the sweeten- indicated that age at moment to exposure to foods minants, there is a sensitive period for learning and development of food preferences which corresponds, a preference for certain foodstory evidence exists of differential effect of sex of or- reported that females tend to consume greater quantities of glucose or saccharine sweetened solutions in - - study of interaction of this innate preference with the learned preference, such is case of sucralose sweet - At the moment, it is considered that early exposure portant factor to obesity development in childhood (Institute of Medicine of the National Academies, that repeated con-

3 118 Revista Mexicana de Trastornos Alimentarios/Mexican Journal of Eating Disorders 4 (2013) ISSN: that food - Currently, great availability to sweet beverages such timated that in Mexico increased calories consump- and it was reported that Mexican in preschool and between sweetened beverages consumption before six years of age and an the increase in body weight and body mass index in following ages (Pérez-Mo- has been reported that the increase of obesity prevalence simultaneously increased with sweetened bev- - purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the effect - hypothesized that animals that are early exposed to Method Subjects ral Feeding and Nutrition Research Center (CICAN) females, which received a code (MA, males exposed - - At the end of the experiment female rats weighed an average of Materials and Equipment Twenty transparent plastic home boxes were used, grille on the top, with two dividers used as a food electronic precision weight scale was used to regis- pellets provided as food were from the commercial brand Nutricubos, which contain the necessary standard nutrients for laboratory animals its nutritional of 20 o o - Procedure of offspring, mothers received water (group A) or a ring nursing stage the offspring were either exposed ding on the exposure to sucralose or water during the nursing stage and continued under the same feeding Experimental Design consisted of nursing stage in which offspring remai-

4 Revista Mexicana de Trastornos Alimentarios/Mexican Journal of Eating Disorders 4 (2013) ISSN: this phase group S continued consuming the sucralo- 3 both groups were provided with the sucralose so- - Table 1. Experimental Design Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4 Phase 5 Phase 6 Group A Water Water Sucralose Water Water Water Group S Sucralose Sucralose Sucralose Sucralose Water Sucralose Days Results Figure 1 shows the mean and standard deviation for group S, left column corresponds to males and the For statistical analysis of data a student t test was applied for independent samples, which Additionally, data was analyzed by means of cant differences were found when comparing phases, - - Particularly in case of MS group when comparing lose after consuming water for 10 days, there is an Differences in consumption of the MA group - -

5 120 Revista Mexicana de Trastornos Alimentarios/Mexican Journal of Eating Disorders 4 (2013) ISSN: Discussion lose solution in comparison to females that only con- the females in group S consumed more water in comparison to females in group A, whereas in males, it was those from group A that registered a higher solution exposure was lower in group A (males and females) in relation to rest phases; 4) when exposed showed that exposure to the taste of sweeteners from by females, also showed differential effects with respect to sex (erature that points out those females tend to consume cose or saccharine solutions in procedures with two - the present study is a preference for sweet taste of - the range of concentrations used or possibility that Mean and S.D. of fluid intake 60 M A 50 H A Fluids intake (ml) M S Y Data H S Days Fig. 1 Mean and standard deviation of fluid intake. Top row corresponds to intake of group A and lower row to intake of group S, left column corresponds to males and right column to females. White circles show water intake and black circles show sucralose solution intake.

6 Revista Mexicana de Trastornos Alimentarios/Mexican Journal of Eating Disorders 4 (2013) ISSN: sucralose has an aversive component which could have impeded observation of differences between On the other hand, it is important to point out that tered regarding the rest of the phases, indicating in- sucralose is added under various experimental pro- Then again, it seems that previous exposure to tas- been reported in other experimental manipulations, such as water and/or food deprivation (López-Espinoza y Martínez, 2001, 2004) or when exposed to It does represent an increase regarding its regular - - First, existing evidence shows that short-term res- consumption, in food-restricted conditions in ani- out an experiment in which he evaluated the effect in rats and mice regarding protein and carbohydra- mice consumed more protein at the end of restriction, - carried out a study where restricted and unrestricted women were assigned to chocolate deprivation, vanilla deprivation or without any deprivation for a restriction when deprived of chocolate consumed more chocolate than the rest of the participants when Secondly, when preference to taste in childhood is established, an interaction between innate and monstrates that it is possible to develop a preferen- experiences, which are important in establishing ea- and Kemp (2010) carried out an experiment where After giving birth some of piglets were exposed du- during gestation and nursing demonstrated a better conditions of survival, were more active, and they when being exposed to other types of food and tas- year old children whom were fed with sweetened ter preference to sweetened water when compared to those that had little or no exposure to sweetened - had consumed water with sugar during their infancy compared to children that had little exposure to su- tive expression for innate preference for sweet subs- ferent exposure to sucralose, it is relevant to point out the importance of carrying out new experiments the in depth study of possible preference for taste of

7 122 Revista Mexicana de Trastornos Alimentarios/Mexican Journal of Eating Disorders 4 (2013) ISSN: sucralose caused by exposure to this sweetener from results, questions arise regarding the procedure used and results obtained, what would happen if intermittent exposure of water similar result if the exposure had not initiated from nursing? Is nursing a sensitive period to acquiring a of continuing with study of the variables evaluated to characterize and prevent obesity development in children, associated to early exposure to sweetened References loric beverage consumption patterns in mexican chil- Nutrition Journal, 9, Appetite, 6, - Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 48, Appetite, 5, difference-avoidance response for increasing concen- Nutrition Research, 25, Psychology of nutrition- Why we eat what we eat. The psychology of eating to protein and to carbohydrate in adult mice and rats Physiology & Behavior, 49(2), - - Chemical Sense, 34, Anuario de Psicología, 30, Parents can play a role in preventing childhood obesi- - - The Journal of Nutrition, 106, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 86, - Chemical Senses, 36, programas de privación parcial sobre el peso corporal Acta Comportamentalia, el patrón alimentario como efecto de la privación de International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 4, Psicothema, 21, Physiology & Behavior, 99,

8 Revista Mexicana de Trastornos Alimentarios/Mexican Journal of Eating Disorders 4 (2013) ISSN: Chemical Senses, 30, Nutrición Hospitalaria, 28, of deprivation on food cravings and eating behavior International Journal of Eating Disorders, 38, - Behavioral aspects of feeding - Sucrose feeding during pregnancy and lactation elicits distinct metabolic response in offspring of an in- American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology & Metabolism, 292 Taste, experience, & feeding - - Chemical Senses, 29, - Revista Mexicana de análisis de la conducta, 35, Further studies of sex differences in taste preferen- Psychological Reports, 20, what extent have sweetened beverages contributed to the obesity epidemic? Public Health Nutrition, 14,