Breeding oats for high quality animal feed
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1 Breeding oats for high quality animal feed Sandy Cowan, Irene Griffiths, Catherine Howarth, Tim Langdon and Athole Marshall 24 th November 2015 Birmingham
2 Oats for animal feed Source of energy and protein Two approaches to improve the feed value of oats 1 High-oil, high yielding naked oats 2 Combine high-oil groat and low lignin husk
3
4 Husked Oat Groat Glumes (Spikelet) Florets Palea Lemma
5 Nutrient content of oats ( book value ) Water (g/100g) Carbohy drate (g/100g) Protein (g/100g) Fat (g/100g) Dietary Fibre (g/100g) Ash (g/100g) Energy, kj Oatmeal Whole grain wheat Cornmeal Brown rice Rye Pearled Barley Sorghum From R W Welsh 2011 in Oats :Chemistry and Technology 2 nd Edition Eds FH Webster & PJ Wood
6 1. Breeding targets for Naked Oats Economic competitiveness Higher Yield Higher Oil content Improved disease resistance
7 count count Oil (%) determined by NIR in oat selections Oil content % Oil content %
8 Variation in fatty acid content and composition among oat lines
9 Range in chemical composition among 39 oat lines g/kgdm Crude protein Organic matter Neutral detergent Fibre (NDF) Acid detergent Fibre (ADF) Oil (B) Lignin ADL 7-36
10 Main components of fatty acids in 39 oat lines Winter Husked 0.96 Winter Naked Winter Low Lignin Husked C16:0 C18: Spring Low Lignin Husked 0.95 C18:1 cis C18:1 cis C18:2n C18:3n-3 Other
11 Ratios of fatty acids Polyunsaturated: Saturated UFA: SFA N-3: N-6 WH WN WLLH SLLH
12 Grain composition of new oat varieties
13 Nutrient content of the grain of oat varieties Protein (g/100g) Fat (g/100g) Fibre (g/100g) Starch (g/100g) Sugars (g/100g) ME (Hartel) Gerald SO-I Hendon Racoon Wheat
14 % 60 Nutrient composition of oat grain of varieties Protein Crude Fibre Moisture Ash Total Oil (Oil B) Sugar as sucrose Gerald SO I Hendon Mason Racoon Starch Poultry ME
15 Alanine Arginine Aspartic Cystine Glutamic Glycine Histidine Iso-Leucine Leucine Lysine Methionine Phenylalanine Proline Serine Threonine Tyrosine Valine 3 Amino acid composition of protein in oat varieties % Gerald SO I Hendon Mason Racoon
16 % total fatty acids Comparison of fatty acid content of oat varieties Monounsaturated fatty acids Polyunsaturated fatty acids Saturated fatty acids Gerald SO I Hendon Mason Racoon Unidentified fatty acids
17 % of total fatty acid Fatty acid content of oat varieties Gerald SO I Hendon Mason Racoon
18 Poultry Feeding Trials Bernard Mathews- 3 turkey trials including different oat lines All trials confirmed the higher energy values for oats Birds grew well on oats Oats could be 20% of the diets
19 Summary Naked oats have high value when used as animal feed Can be included in poultry diets Continue to breed for high yielding, high oil naked oats
20 2. Development of low lignin husked oats Combine low lignin husk with high oil groat Ideal ruminant feed Target traits Low lignin husk High oil groat Improved standing ability, Improved disease resistance Higher yield
21 Different approaches to identify low lignin husk normal lignin 3 lignin 1 low lignin Colourmetric Post harvest on seed SNP assay Rapid, accurate and uses leaf tissue
22 MAS for low lignin in the breeding program F2 plants were grown DNA was sampled harvested grain stained to identify low lignin lines
23 An example- Cross 050-SO2011 Of the 96 plants from cross 050-SO plants had low lignin 12 plants had high lignin 29 plants were intermediate Plant no Lignin score Plant no Lignin score Plant no Lignin score Plant no Lignin score Plant no Lignin score Plant no Lignin score Plant no Lignin score Plant no Lignin score Plant no Lignin score Plant no Lignin score Plant no Lignin score Plant no Lignin score
24 Low lignin and marker assisted selection (MAS) 050-SO2011/F2 96 progeny were phenotyped as F3 in field 2013, they were also scored using DNA markers for low lignin and crown rust resistance 32 selected for agronomy 53 selected for low lignin 67 selected for crown rust resistance 9 selections combined both agronomy and low lignin traits and were grown out as F4s in the field 2014
25 Grain yield of low lignin lines now being evaluated Rel yield Firth Rozmar Canyon 038-SO2011/F2/ SO2011/F2/ SO2011/F2/ SO2011/F2/38
26 Conclusions Breeding for animal usage continues to be important target Improved yield and quality of naked oats Development of low lignin husk varieties (with high oil groat) First low lignin variety entered into NL Integrating MAS for lignin into the programme Confirmed the feed value of oats (Jon Moorby)
27 IBERS bred Oat varieties currently on the UK list Winter husked Winter naked Spring Husked Spring Naked Gerald (RL) Grafton(RL) Conway (RL) Lennon (NL) Mascani (RL) Fusion (RL) Glamis (NL) Bullion (NL) Balado (RL) Beacon(RL) Banquo (NL) Rhapsody (RL) Hendon (NL) Brochan (NL) Racoon (NL) Tardis (NL) Expression (NL) Selwyn (NL) Peloton (NL) Elgar (NL) Maestro (NL) Fergus (NL) Griffin (NL) Wenlock (NL) Coracle (NL)
28 Acknowledgements QUOATS ( ENDEVOR ( BBSRC, Defra, InnovateUK, Welsh Government. Senova
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