Carbohydrates. Building a carbohydrate:
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1 Carbohydrates Monomer: Monosaccharide (simple s) Example: glucose, fructose Disaccharide: 2 monosaccharides joined together Example: sucrose (glucose + fructose) olymer: olysaccharide (starch) Example: starch (stored plant energy) and glycogen (stored animal energy) - rovide short-term energy (break down quickly and easily) - Structural support: chitin forms exoskeletons and cellulose forms cells walls in plants Building a carbohydrate: 1. Cut out the shapes then glue and label them in your notebook immediately after the notes. a. Create and label a monosaccharide (single ) b. Cut out and label a disaccharide (two s joined together) c. Cut out and label a polysaccharide (the chain can be made of a series of monosaccharides or repeating disaccharides) **make it 10 s long
2 rotein Monomer: Amino Acids olymer: rotein Examples: - Meat, eggs, cheese, peanut butter - Enzymes - Growth and repair of cells and tissue - Speed up chemical reactions (enzymes) - Transport, defense, hormones, structural support Additional key points: - There are 20 different amino acids - Joined by peptide bonds (why they are also called polypeptides) - Body can only make 12; must get other 8 from food Building a protein: You will create a protein based on the month you were born. Identify the strand for your month, cut out the amino acids you need and link them together. Next glue the protein onto the page following the notes on proteins and label which protein you created. Winter (December, January, February) Threonine tyrosine- tyrosine- lysine- proline- methionine- methionine Spring (March, April, May) henylalanine- serine- aspartic acid- cysteine- glutamic acid- glutamic acid- valine Summer (June, July, August) Asparanine Histidine Serine Serine Histidine Histindine Asparanine Fall (September, October, November) Lysine Isoleucine Glutamine Tyrosine Arginine Threonine - roline
3 Lipid Monomer: Fatty Acid olymer: Lipid Examples: - Fats, oils, butter - waxes - Steriods (cholesterol) - hospholipids (cell membrane) - Long-term energy (hard to break down) - Insulation - Waterproofing/protection (think of bird feathers) - Structure of cell membrane Additional key points: - Hydrophobic (don t like water, won t dissolve in water) - Fats and oils are made of a glycerol head and 3 fatty acid tails Saturated fats contain no double bonds and are solid at room temperature Unsaturated fats have double bonds that kink the molecule and are liquid at room temperature Building a Lipid: 1. Make a saturated fat (glycerol head + 3 tails, no kinks) 2. Make an unsaturated fat (glycerol head + 3 tails, one is kinked) 3. Make a phospholipid (glycerol head + 2 tails, no kinks) ***Make head out of paper, tails out of yarn and glue onto page of notes. Make sure to label each type of lipid as well as each component.
4 Nucleic Acid Monomer: nucleotide olymer: Nucleic Acid Examples: - DNA - RNA - Contain genetic material (instructions for making proteins) Additional key points: - Have one function only (contain genetic code/instruction) - Composed of a, a phosphate group and a nitrogen base Building a Nucleic Acid: You will build a strand of RNA (it is a single strand of linked nucleotides. Later we will add a complimentary strand to create DNA which is made up of 2 strands) 1. Cut out 5 nucleotides and glue them into your notes. You will need to draw a line showing the bond from the of one to the phosphate of the next.
5 Sugar Threonine Tyrosine henylala nine Lysine roline Methionine Serine Aspartic Acid Cysteine Tyrosine Methionine Glutamic Acid Glutamic Acid Valine Asparagine Histidine Serine Serine Histidine Histidine Asparagine Lysine Lsoleucine roline Threonine Arginine Tyrosine Glutamine
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