Digestive System. 13. In the normal adult, the esophagus is located to the trachea. A. Posterior C. Medial B. Anterior D. Lateral

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1 Digestive System 1. The process by which food particles are mechanically reduced into smaller particles in the mouth is termed: A. Absorption C. Mastication B. Peristalsis D. Deglutition 2. Projecting from the middle arch of the soft palate is a small soft tissue structure concerned with the gag reflex called the: A. Vulva C. Macula B. Uvula D. Sebum 3. Small circular bands of smooth muscle fibers that serve to restrict the flow of liquids and solids within the digestive tract are termed: A. Sphincter muscles C. Diaphragmatic muscles B. Cardiac muscles D. Erectile muscles 4. The neural intervention that controls much of the digestive function results primarily from the action of the 10th cranial nerve called the: A. Vagus nerve C. Hypoglossal nerve B. Trigeminal nerve D. Buccal nerve 5. The act of swallowing involves both voluntary and involuntary actions by the muscles of the: 1. Tongue 2. Pharynx 3. Upper esophagus 6. The wavelike muscular contractions that move the food bolus through the digestive system is termed: A. Fauces C. Peristalsis B. Micturition D. Mastication 7. The first liquid secretion (saliva) encountered by food during the digestive process is formed by the: A. Tonsils C. Glottis B. Salivary glands D. Eustachian glands 8. The process by which food is actively transported from the mouth into the esophagus is termed: A. Pepination C. Deglutition B. Salivation D. Phonation 9. The Wharton s ducts that open under the tongue is concerned with the passage of saliva from the: A. Sublingual gland C. Parotid gland B. Submandibular gland D. Thyroid gland 10. The first set of temporary teeth, which appear in early childhood, are referred to as: A. Permanent teeth C. Wisdom teeth B. Deciduous teeth D. Partition teeth 11. The largest set of salivary glands sitting in front and below each ear are the: A. Parotid glands C. Submaxillary glands B. Sublingual glands D. Submandibular glands 12. Saliva from the parotid gland passes within the to its opening onto the inner surface of the cheek. A. Wharton s duct C. Ducts of Wirsung B. Stensen s duct D. Ducts of Rinivus 13. In the normal adult, the esophagus is located to the trachea. A. Posterior C. Medial B. Anterior D. Lateral 14. Which of the following structures does not contribute to the mechanical or chemical digestive process: A. Larynx C. Mouth B. Stomach D. Small intestine

2 15. The protection of the intestinal tract from the action of digestive acids and enzymes is primarily accomplished by the secretion of: A. Maltese C. Sodium bicarbonate B. Cholecystokinin D. Mucus 16. The highest portion of the normal adult stomach sitting just below the left diaphragm is the: A. Pylorus C. Fundus B. Cardiac orifice D. Greater curvature 17. The stomach is involved with the: A. Digestion of food C. Elimination of liquid wastes B. Production of growth hormone D. Production of red blood cells 18. The semifluid, partially digested food found in the upper gastrointestinal tract is referred to as: A. Chyme C. Flora B. Meconium D. Bolus 19. The terminal segment of the normal human stomach is the: A. Duodenum C. Fundus B. Pylorus D. Trigone 20. Most of the capillary beds concerned with the absorption of food are located within numerous finger-like soft tissue extensions of the small intestines called the: A. Cilia C. Papillae B. Villi D. Taenia coli 21. The empty stomach is thrown into numerous mucosal folds that give its characteristic appearance called: A. Rugae C. Epiplocicae B. Haustra D. Voluli 22. The name of the last portion of the small intestine is the: A. Ilium C. Duodenum B. Jejunum D. Ileum 23. The junction of the transverse and descending colons takes place at the: A. Angular notch C. Hepatic flexure B. Splenic flexure D. Rectosigmoid junction Pertaining to the diagram of the stomach, place the letter that corresponds to the following structures: 24. Pyloric sphincter 25. Cardiac orifice 26. Duodenum 27. Esophagus 28. Fundus of the stomach 29. Lesser curvature of the stomach 30. Body of the stomach 31. Greater curvature of the stomach 32. Pylorus 33. Food entering the stomach is prevented from exiting into the small intestines by the action ring of smooth muscles called the: A. Duodenal loop C. Cardiac sphincter B. Ileocecal valve D. Pyloric sphincter

3 34. The digestive tract organ most responsible for the absorption of water is the: A. Large intestine C. Esophagus B. Stomach D. Duodenum 35. The most distal portion of the large intestine is called the: A. Rectum C. Ileum B. Sigmoid colon D. Cecum 36. The folds of mucosa that help to increase the surface area of the small intestine are termed: A. Rugae C. Angulations B. Circular folds D. Maculi 37. Which of the following organs is/are concerned with the chemical digestion of food? 1. Colon 2. Small intestines 3. Salivary glands A. 1 & 2 only C. 2 & 3 only B. 1 & 3 only D. 1, 2 & The undigested food of the small intestines will make its way into the colon through the: A. Ileocecal valve C. Cardiac orifice B. Pyloric canal D. Sphincter of Oddi 39. The majority of the organs in the GI tract are contained within the: A. Omentum C. Peritoneum B. Mesentery D. Pleural cavity 40. The longest segment of the normal human intestinal tract is the: A. Esophagus C. Ileum B. Jejunum D. Cecum 41. The first portion of the small intestines, which is about 25cm (10") in length, is called the: A. Pylorus C. Ileum B. Duodenum D. Cecum 42. The vermiform appendix is a small, blind pouch which extends from the inferior surface of the: A. Jejunum C. Cecum B. Duodenum D. Rectum 43. Which of the following organs is/are concerned with the absorption of digested foods? 1. Small bowel 2. Colon 3. Esophagus 44. The fibrous structure that serves to attach the intestines to the posterior abdominal wall is termed the: 1. Omentum 2. Peritoneum 3. Mesentery 45. A small flap of cartilage on the pharynx that helps to prevent solid or liquid foods from entering trachea is called the: A. Frenulum C. Epiglottis B. Uvula D. Adenoids 46. The haustra are the folds that give the its characteristic appearance. A. Esophagus C. Stomach B. Small intestines D. Colon 47. The ascending and transverse colon join at an area under the right lobe of the liver called the: A. Splenic flexure C. Hepatic flexure B. Gastric flexure D. Duodenal flexure 48. Digestive enzymes are manufactured by the body in which of the following organs? 1. Stomach 2. Pancreas 3. Salivary glands A. 1 & 2 only B. 1 & 3 only C. 2 & 3 only D. 1, 2 & 3

4 49. Rectum Pertaining to the diagram of the large intestine, place the letter that corresponds to the following structures: 50. Splenic colon 51. Sigmoid colon 52. Ileum 53. Transverse colon 54. Cecum 55. Taeniae coli 56. Descending colon 57. Hepatic flexure 58. Appendix 59. Ileocecal valve 60. Ascending colon 61. The appearance of haustral folds is due in large part to the action of three flat bands of muscle fibers on the exterior of the colon called the: A. E-coli C. Epiploicae B. Taenia coli D. Gyri 62. The formation of a stalked tumor that protrudes into the intestinal tract is called a: A. Volvulus C. Hemorrhoid B. Fistula D. Polyp 63. The telescoping of one part of the bowel into another is termed: A. Herniation C. Intussusception B. Varices D. Atresia 64. An outpouching or weakening of the intestinal wall most commonly seen in the large intestine is termed a/an: A. Diverticulum C. Calculus B. Aneurism D. Fistula 65. Bright red blood in the stool is a common indication of bleeding in the: 1. Colon 2. Stomach 3. Small intestines 66. The Valsalva maneuver is used to increase abdominal cavity pressure and is useful for the demonstration of: A. Diverticula C. Esophageal varices B. Polyps D. Ascites 67. An abnormal dilatation of the veins near the anal canal leads to a condition termed: A. Colitis C. Cholelithiasis B. Hemorrhoids D. Rectal abscess 68. Which of the following gastrointestinal structures is not located within the peritoneum? A. Stomach C. Splenic flexure B. Duodenum D. Jejunum

5 69. The loss of the mucosa of the stomach and/or duodenum will often lead to development of (an): A. Appendicitis C. Intussusception B. Jaundice D. Ulceration 70. The only major secretion of the large intestine is: A. Digestive enzymes C. Mucus B. Hormones D. Water 71. The abnormal protrusion of the stomach through the diaphragm is called: A. Hiatal hernia C. Esophageal atresia B. Pyloric stenosis D. Meckel s diverticulum 72. In the normal adult male, the rectum is located: A. Anterior to the urinary bladder C. Superior to the diaphragm B. Posterior to the urinary bladder D. Posterior to the peritoneum 73. In the normal adult, the normal sequence for the passage of food is: A. Esophagus, stomach, SI, colon C. Colon, SI, stomach, esophagus B. Stomach, colon, esophagus, SI D. SI, esophagus, stomach, colon 74. A common abnormality occurring more frequently in male infants resulting from a persistent spasm of the terminal portion of the stomach is called: A. Pyloric stenosis C. Gastritis B. Umbilical hernia D. Hypoglycemia 75. An abnormal collection of serous fluids in the peritoneal cavity is termed: A. Peritonitis C. Varices B. Ascites D. Dehydration 76. The abnormal twisting of a loop of intestine around itself can lead to an abnormal condition called (a/an): A. Imperforate colon C. Volvulus B. Ileitis D. Thrombosis Accessory Digestive System 1. The liver is known to have over 100 functions. Among these is/are: 1. Formation of blood cells 2. Storage of glycogen 3. Detoxification of toxins A. 1 & 2 only C. 2 & 3 only B. 1 & 3 only D. 1, 2 & 3 2. The bulk of the pancreas is made up of pancreatic acinar cells that serve to secrete a number of enzymes which aid in the: A. Emulsification process C. Hemopoietic process B. Digestion of food products D. Detoxification process 3. The spleen is concerned with both the formation and breakdown of blood cells and is normally located under the: A. Right lobe of the liver C. Right diaphragm B. Left lobe of the liver D. Left diaphragm 4. The two major lobes of the liver are separated by folds of visceral peritoneum called the: A. Caudate ligament C. Quadrate ligament B. Broad ligament D. Falciform ligament 5. A musculomembranous sac that serves to store and concentrate bile between meals in the: A. Gallbladder C. Biliary node B. Alveolar sac D. Urinary bladder 6. The biliary ducts are principally concerned with the transport of bile and digestive enzymes into the: A. Colon C. Duodenum B. Stomach D. Lymphatic system

6 7. The gallbladder is normally found by its attachment to the ventral surface of the: A. Right lobe of the liver C. Spleen B. Left lobe of the liver D. Duodenum 8. The duct formed at the junction of the cystic duct and the common hepatic ducts is termed the: A. Ampulla of Vater C. Duct of Santorini B. Common bile duct D. Common cystic duct 9. The head of the pancreas will normally be located within the: A. Lesser curvature of the stomach C. Sweep of the duodenum B. Splenic flexure D. Falciform ligament 10. The largest single organ contained within the abdominal cavity is the: A. Spleen C. Small intestines B. Pancreas D. Liver 11. The breakdown of the red blood cell s hemoglobin into bilirubin is principally the function of the: A. Spleen C. Liver B. Pancreas D. Kidney 12. The exocrine secretions of the pancreas are carried to the common bile duct by way of the: A. Duct of Santorini C. Pancreatic duct B. Stenson s duct D. Wharton s duct 13. The absorption of water is an important factor in the maintenance of homeostasis. Which of the following organs is/are concerned with this function? 1. Esophagus 2. Gallbladder 3. Large intestine A. 1 & 2 only C. 2 & 3 only B. 1 & 3 only D. 1, 2 & The control of glucose utilization is directly associated with a hormonal secretion of the pancreas called: A. Urea C. Bile B. Insulin D. Bilirubin Pertaining to the diagram of the biliary system, place the letter that corresponds to the following structures: 15. Gallbladder 16. Sphincter of Oddi 17. Duodenum 18. Left hepatic duct 19. Pancreatic duct 20. Common hepatic duct 21. Common bile duct 22. Right hepatic duct 23. Cystic duct

7 24. The release of bile by the gallbladder is controlled by the hormonal secretion of the small intestines called: A. Cholegraphin C. Ferritin B. Cholecystokinin D. Bilirubin 25. The tail of the pancreas is attached to what other abdominal cavity structure? A. Kidney C. Liver B. Duodenum D. Spleen 26. The formation of bile from bile salts and bilirubin is one of the functions associated with the: 1. Spleen 2. Liver 3. Kidney 27. The stored bile from the gallbladder passes into the biliary duct system by way of the: A. Cystic duct C. Hepatic duct B. Ampulla of Vater D. Papillary duct 28. Which of the following is not a common function of the liver? A. Storage of blood C. Deamination of amino acids B. Storage of Vitamins A and D D. Secretion of digestive enzymes 29. The junction of the biliary collecting system and the duodenum is guarded by a sphincter muscle called the: A. Sphincter of Lieberkuhn C. Sphincter of Beta B. Sphincter of Oddi D. Sphincter of Pauli 30. The major function of bile in the gastrointestinal tract is the: A. Emulsification of fats C. Emulsification of carbohydrates B. Production of amino acids D. Absorption of vitamins 31. The release of bile by the gallbladder is triggered by the presence of in the stomach. 1. Carbohydrates 2. Clear liquids 3. Fats 32. The intake of fecal contaminated food or water may lead to an inflammation of the liver called: A. Hepatitis C. Cholitis B. Cirrhosis D. Jaundice 33. Cholelithiasis is a common condition of the biliary tract and is commonly referred to as: A. Duodenal ulcers C. Gallstones B. Arteriosclerosis D. Jaundice 34. A serious condition that results from the hypofunction of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas is termed: A. Hemophilia C. Hydrophobia B. Diabetes mellitus D. Gastroenteritis 35. The failure of the liver to absorb bilirubin will often lead to a yellowish discoloration of the skin and eyes called: A. Cyanosis C. Jaundice B. Yanthosis D. Chlorosis

8 36. Cirrhosis of the liver is often associated with the excessive intake of toxic material known as: A. Cholesterol C. Renin B. Heparin D. Alcohol Name the 9 Regions: