FEEDING BROCHURE GAME PRODUCTS

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "FEEDING BROCHURE GAME PRODUCTS"

Emma Bridges
5 years ago
Views:

1 FEEDING BROCHURE GAME PRODUCTS

2 WILDLIFE/GAME FEEDING AND SUPPLEMENTATION In their natural environment, wild game species have little need for supplementary feeding as their freeranging habits enable them to pursue more nutritious grazing and therefore satisfy their nutrient requirements. The advent of game farming has resulted in wild animals being confined to camped-off areas. This combined with the desire for more prolific breeding, has necessitated the use of supplementary feeding when nature cannot supply. In the case of boma-fed and stabled animals, their total feed requirements have to be met. Epol Game pellets are formulated to ensure optimal amounts of digestible protein, amino acids, minerals, trace minerals and vitamins. References used: National Research Council s work on beef, dairy cows, horses, camelids, sheep, goats and cervids. OUR FOCUS Supplementation of nutritional deficiencies in natural pasture. Supplementation and/or feeding of game in captivity (bomas, auction camps, zoos). Attracting game to observation points or out of specific habitat areas that require recuperation. The use of game animal feed supplements together with roughage when natural forage is in short supply. FEEDING TIPS Supply ample clean water in shallow troughs; game species are sensitive to any changes in water quality. Provide free access to high quality, palatable grass hay or lucerne or a combination of both, depending on the game species feeding habits. Ensure a gradual introduction of Epol Game feeds or self-mix feeds over a 4- to 5-week period. If the Wildlife intake spread sheet (see page 11 15) is used as a guide, the animals will be supplied with 65% of their digestible protein requirements as per their physiological stage during the dry season on natural veld or dry grass hay. Epol Game cubes/pellets should never be supplied ad lib. This will ensure that individual dominant/aggressive animals don t over consume. Supplementation on natural pasture or to attract game to observation points should not exceed 0.8% of the body weight (animals heavier than 100 kg), which is approximately 30% of the animal s dry matter intake; this will help to avoid substitution of the natural pasture by pellets/cubes. - Please refer to the Wildlife intake spread sheet for smaller game. (see page 11 15) - Refer to the Wildlife intake spread sheet for lactating animals Cow/calf unit. (see page 11 15) - Animals housed in bomas - please refer to Wildlife intake spread sheet section for intakes; dry cow intakes are used as a baseline. (see page 11 15) Mineral supplementation should occur throughout the year in the form of palatable salt/mineral licks and suitable water additives. Game species that are under social, environmental or nutritional stress succumb to parasite infestation, therefore, medication with anthelmintics should form part of the management strategy. Adaptation to feed or changing from one feed to another to prevent rumen disorders and red gut: Grazing and browsing animals have a very important symbiotic relationship with the microbe fauna and flora living in their foreguts, i.e. ruminants (bovine and antelope) and pseudo ruminants (hippopotamus, lama and alpaca) and hindguts, i.e.hindgut fermenters (zebra, rhino and horses). It is critical to understand that the slightest change in the foregut or hindgut environment can have a serious negative effect on the animal s health, reproduction and production. All animals need to be adapted to game cubes/ pellets and self-mix feeds after a period of non-use (i.e. after the green season). Start feeding small amounts to the animals as soon as the animals start approaching the troughs again. Do this over a 4- to 5-week period. If and when feed is left over due to improved pasture post rain, reduce cube/pellet/self-mix feed supply accordingly. Changing from one feed to another should occur gradually over a 5-week period. Replace 1/5th of the old feed with the new feed in week 1. In week 2, replace 2/5ths of the old feed with the new feed, and so on until week 5 when the animals should be eating the new feed only. Don t change from one type of feed to another within a season. This could cause a rumen disturbance. Rather feed less as the grass quality improves, i.e. don t change from the Epol Antelope (16% crude protein) cube/pellet to the Epol Grazer (12% crude protein) cube/pellet mid-season. Supplying cubes or pellets to animals kept extensively on open game reserves, farms and hunting farms. If pellets are to be supplied to animals housed in hunting or game farms supply Epol Grazer 12% every 2 to 3 days. Feed animals in troughs, or on a large conveyor belt or any stony area where the feed will not be in direct contact with the soil. Soil ingestion can cause parasite infestation, accumulation of heavy metals and gut impaction. By feeding the animals every 2 to 3 days, no individual animal will dominate the feeding site, reducing the risk of any animals getting sick, and possibly dying from a rumen-related disorder like acidosis and rumenitis. 1 2

EPOL ANTELOPE 16% Known as Epol s production pellets for all game kept intensively, particularly BROWSERS. Formulated for superior milk production, reproduction, health and horn growth.

V528 (RSA), Reg. No. N-FF 3076 (Namibia) EPOL GRAZER 12% Game pellets/cubes suitable for all GRAZING game species.

Known as Epol s maintenance pellet / cube when fed at the intakes mentioned on Wildlife intake spread sheet (see page 11 15). COMPOSITION Product code: 4612 Act 36 of 1947. Reg. No. V19237 (RSA), Reg.

6 Magnesium g/kg - 2,3 Potassium g/kg min 10 Cobalt mg/kg - 1 Copper mg/kg - 30 Iodine mg/kg - 1 Manganese mg/kg - 60 Selenium mg/kg - 0,3 Zinc mg/kg - 120 Vitamin A IU/kg - 10000 Vitamin E mg/kg -

Niacin mg/kg - 10 Pantothenic acid mg/kg - 5 MASS 40 kg Moisture g/kg max 120 ME (Ruminant) MJ/kg min 9 Protein g/kg min 120 Bypass protein g/kg min 3,75 Fat EE g/kg min 25 Fibre g/kg max 120 Calcium

3 EPOL ANTELOPE 16% Known as Epol s production pellets for all game kept intensively, particularly BROWSERS. Formulated for superior milk production, reproduction, health and horn growth. Contains organic trace minerals and vitamins suitable for all game species. COMPOSITION Product code: 4610 Act 36 of Reg. No. V528 (RSA), Reg. No. N-FF 3076 (Namibia) EPOL GRAZER 12% Game pellets/cubes suitable for all GRAZING game species. Containing organic trace minerals and vitamins suitable for optimal health, production, reproduction and horn growth. Known as Epol s maintenance pellet / cube when fed at the intakes mentioned on Wildlife intake spread sheet (see page 11 15). COMPOSITION Product code: 4612 Act 36 of Reg. No. V19237 (RSA), Reg. No. N-FF 3077 (Namibia) Moisture g/kg max 120 ME (Ruminant) MJ/kg min 9,5 Protein g/kg min 160 Bypass protein g/kg min 5 Fat EE g/kg min 25 Fibre g/kg max 90 Calcium g/kg max 10 Phosphorous g/kg min 6 Magnesium g/kg - 2,3 Potassium g/kg min 10 Cobalt mg/kg - 1 Copper mg/kg - 30 Iodine mg/kg - 1 Manganese mg/kg - 60 Selenium mg/kg - 0,3 Zinc mg/kg Vitamin A IU/kg Vitamin E mg/kg Vitamin D IU/kg Vitamin K mg/kg - 1 Vitamin B1 mg/kg - 10 Vitamin B12 mg/kg - 0,02 Vitamin B2 mg/kg - 5 Vitamin B6 mg/kg - 2,5 Biotin mg/kg - 2 Choline mg/kg - 65,1 Folic acid mg/kg - 1,9 Niacin mg/kg - 10 Pantothenic acid mg/kg - 5 MASS 40 kg Moisture g/kg max 120 ME (Ruminant) MJ/kg min 9 Protein g/kg min 120 Bypass protein g/kg min 3,75 Fat EE g/kg min 25 Fibre g/kg max 120 Calcium g/kg max 12 Phosphorous g/kg min 5,5 Magnesium g/kg - 2,7 Potassium g/kg min 10 Cobalt mg/kg - 0,75 Copper mg/kg - 22,5 Iodine mg/kg - 0,75 Manganese mg/kg - 45 Selenium mg/kg - 0,225 Zinc mg/kg - 90 Vitamin A IU/kg Vitamin E mg/kg Vitamin D IU/kg Vitamin K mg/kg - 0,75 Vitamin B1 mg/kg - 7,5 Vitamin B12 mg/kg - 0,023 Vitamin B2 mg/kg - 3,75 Vitamin B6 mg/kg - 1,88 Biotin mg/kg - 1,5 Choline mg/kg - 65,1 Folic acid mg/kg - 1,425 Niacin mg/kg - 7,5 Pantothenic acid mg/kg - 3,75 MASS 40 kg Recommended intake: Please refer to the Wildlife intake spread sheet (see page 11 15). Recommended intake: Please refer to the Wildlife intake spread sheet (see page 11 15). 3 4

EPOL RHINO CUBES Game cube with extra biotin and minerals specifically formulated for White Rhino.

For best results on game kept in large areas, ensure adequate amounts of naturally occurring grazing or browse. In times of drought ensure enough roughage is available.

V26505 (RSA) COMPOSITION Act 36 of 1947. Reg. No.

N-FF 2472 (Namibia) Moisture g/kg max 120 ME (Ruminant) MJ/kg min 6,5 Protein g/kg min 125 Bypass protein g/kg - 3,8 Fat EE g/kg min 25 Fibre g/kg max 120 Calcium g/kg max 12 Phosphorous g/kg min 5,5

4 EPOL RHINO CUBES Game cube with extra biotin and minerals specifically formulated for White Rhino. MOLATEK TROPHY BLOCK Urea-free protein block suitable for game kept on hunting- and tourism-based farms. Suitable for horses. For best results on game kept in large areas, ensure adequate amounts of naturally occurring grazing or browse. In times of drought ensure enough roughage is available. COMPOSITION Product code: 4615 Act 36 of Reg. No. V26505 (RSA) COMPOSITION Act 36 of Reg. No. V22704 (RSA), Reg. No. N-FF 2472 (Namibia) Moisture g/kg max 120 ME (Ruminant) MJ/kg min 6,5 Protein g/kg min 125 Bypass protein g/kg - 3,8 Fat EE g/kg min 25 Fibre g/kg max 120 Calcium g/kg max 12 Phosphorous g/kg min 5,5 Magnesium g/kg - 2,8 Potassium g/kg min 12 Cobalt mg/kg - 0,8 Copper mg/kg - 22,5 Iodine mg/kg - 0,8 Manganese mg/kg Selenium mg/kg - 0,2 Zinc mg/kg - 90 Vitamin A IU/kg Vitamin E mg/kg Vitamin D IU/kg Vitamin K mg/kg - 0,8 Vitamin B1 mg/kg - 7,5 Vitamin B12 mg/kg - 0,023 Vitamin B2 mg/kg - 3,8 Vitamin B6 mg/kg - 1,9 Biotin mg/kg - 6,5 Choline mg/kg - 65,1 Folic acid mg/kg - 1,4 Niacin mg/kg - 7,5 Pantothenic acid mg/kg - 3,8 MASS 40 kg Moisture g/kg max 120 ME (Ruminant) MJ/kg - 8,4 Protein g/kg min 150 Fat EE g/kg max 120 Fibre g/kg max 120 Calcium g/kg min 12 Calcium g/kg max 40 Phosphorous g/kg min 6 Magnesium g/kg - 2,5 Potassium g/kg - 12 Cobalt mg/kg - 1,5 Copper mg/kg - 8 Iodine mg/kg - 8 Manganese mg/kg Selenium mg/kg - 4 Zinc mg/kg Vitamin B1 mg/kg - 7,5 Biotin mg/kg - 1,5 Recommended intake: Game: g Trophy Block/50 kg body weight per day MASS 25 kg Recommended intake: Please refer to the Wildlife intake spread sheet (see page 11 15). 5 6

EPOL GAME MACRO PACK 32% Game Macro Pack 32% for self mix game farmers, who want to mix their own high quality game feed.

COMPOSITION Product code: 4617 Act 36 of 1947. Reg. No.

30 Phosphorous g/kg min 18,5 Magnesium g/kg - 0,9 Potassium g/kg - 13,4 Cobalt mg/kg - 4,2 Copper mg/kg max 125 Iodine mg/kg - 4,2 Manganese mg/kg - 249,6 Selenium mg/kg - 1,3 Zinc mg/kg -

5 EPOL GAME MACRO PACK 32% Game Macro Pack 32% for self mix game farmers, who want to mix their own high quality game feed. The macropack contains the same high quality game premix used in the Antelope cube. Suitable for all game, particularly browsers and animals kept intensively, including boma s. COMPOSITION Product code: 4617 Act 36 of Reg. No. V28626 (RSA) Moisture g/kg max 120 ME (Ruminant) MJ/kg - 8,74 Protein g/kg min 320 Bypass protein g/kg min 11,16 Fat EE g/kg min 20 Fibre g/kg max 160 Calcium g/kg min 26 Calcium g/kg max 30 Phosphorous g/kg min 18,5 Magnesium g/kg - 0,9 Potassium g/kg - 13,4 Cobalt mg/kg - 4,2 Copper mg/kg max 125 Iodine mg/kg - 4,2 Manganese mg/kg - 249,6 Selenium mg/kg - 1,3 Zinc mg/kg - 499,2 Vitamin A IU/kg Vitamin E mg/kg COMPOSITION CONTINUED Product code: 4617 Act 36 of Reg. No. V28626 (RSA) Vitamin D IU/kg Vitamin K mg/kg - 4,2 Vitamin B1 mg/kg - 41,6 Vitamin B12 mg/kg - 0,10 Vitamin B2 mg/kg - 20,8 Vitamin B6 mg/kg - 10,4 Biotin mg/kg - 8,3 Choline mg/kg - 270,8 Folic acid mg/kg - 7,9 Niacin mg/kg - 41,6 Pantothenic acid mg/kg - 20,8 MASS 40 kg 7 8

6 SELF-MIX OPTIONS FOR GAME FARMERS These mixes contain high quality vitamins and minerals suitable for feeding all game species, including browsers. Crushed maize kg Hominy chop kg Molatek Molasses Meal kg Lucerne meal kg Grass hay (good quality) kg Molatek Bypass Semi ad lib Grazer Semi ad lib Browser Supplement Grazer & Browser (high protein oilcake) kg Epol Game Macro Pack 32% kg Molatek Master 20 kg Salt kg Feed grade lime kg kg Diet nutrient summary Units As Is As Is As Is As Is As Is As Is As Is ME (Ruminant) MJ/kg 9,6 9,4 9,7 9,7 10,1 9,9 7,68 Protein g/kg 120,3 123,5 141,5 141,5 155,1 159,1 252,8 Bypass protein g/kg 79, , ,7 106,4 75,1 Urea g/kg ,4 NPN as % CP % ,9 Fat EE g/kg 22,8 30,1 22,8 31,3 25,6 34,7 16,3 Fibre g/kg 226,6 235,4 219,2 215,1 177, Calcium g/kg ,1 9,7 11,9 11,9 26,2 Phosphorous g/kg 3,9 4 4,2 4,3 6,1 6,2 13,1 Magnesium g/kg 3,5 3,7 3,2 3,3 2,6 2,9 1 Potassium g/kg 26,7 27,2 22,9 22,2 17,8 18,5 8,8 Cobalt mg/kg 0,7 0,7 0,7 0,7 1,2 1,2 2,9 Copper mg/kg 37,1 36, ,4 48,7 47,8 89,5 Iodine mg/kg 0,5 0,5 0,5 0, ,2 *Game Lick Mix Ingredients Units Inclusion Inclusion Inclusion Inclusion Inclusion Inclusion Inclusion Manganese mg/kg 53,7 52,5 54,2 51,8 80,1 78,6 176,5 Selenium mg/kg 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 1 Zinc mg/kg 73,3 69,1 73, ,5 129,2 348,3 Vitamin A IU/kg Vitamin E mg/kg 124,8 124,8 124,8 124,8 249,6 249,6 665,6 Vitamin D IU/kg Vitamin K mg/kg 0,5 0,5 0,5 0, Vitamin B1 mg/kg ,6 Vitamin B12 mg/kg 0,01 0,01 0,01 0,01 0,02 0,02 0,06 Vitamin B2 mg/kg 2,5 2,5 2,5 2, ,3 Vitamin B6 mg/kg 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,3 2,5 2,5 6,7 Biotin mg/kg ,32 Choline mg/kg 32,6 32,6 32,6 32,6 65,1 65,1 173,3 Folic acid mg/kg ,9 1,9 5,1 Niacin mg/kg ,6 Pantothenic acid mg/kg 2,5 2,5 2,5 2, ,3 INTAKES AND OTHER INFORMATION REGARDING THE MIXES: Supplement: Use the amounts mentioned for the Epol Antelope cubes/pellets. Semi ad lib mixes: Use the Epol Antelope cube/pellet intake as a guide and multiply it by 2. Game Lick Mix: Use the Epol Antelope cube/pellet as a guide and divide the intake by 1.7. Game > than 25kg, including ruminants, non ruminants and hindgut fermentors, all mixes are suitable. Game < 25kg bred intensively, use the supplement mix or the Epol Antelope cube. *Rhino, zebra and other hindgut fermentors bred intensively; do not use the Game Lick Mix. Molatek Molasses Meal Act 36 of Reg. No. V7264 (RSA) Molatek Bypass Act 36 of Reg. No. V21556 (RSA) Molatek Master 20 Act 36 of Reg. No. V5971 (RSA) Semi ad lib Grazer Semi ad lib Browser Supplement Grazer & Browser *Game Lick Mix Diet nutrient summary continued Units As Is As Is As Is As Is As Is As Is As Is 9 10

7 WILDLIFE INTAKE SPREAD SHEET FOR WINTER OR DRY SEASON SUPPLEMENTATION ON NATURAL VELD Weights Antelope 16% Grazer 12% Male Female Female Cow/ calf Female Cow/ calf Ruminants Feeding type kg kg kg kg kg kg kg kg The intakes on the spreadsheet supply the animals with 65% of their rumen degradable protein requirements in the dry months. Product Zero/limited grazing suggested roughage mix Extensively kept game Giraffe Browser ,77 6,02 4,9 4,99 7,95 6,5 Antelope 16% Natural browse, lucerne, hay 2:05:05 Natural browse Kudu Browser ,09 1,7 1,4 1,44 2,27 1,9 Antelope 16% High quality hay, lucerne 1:2 Natural browse Nyala Browser ,53 0,91 0,8 0,7 1,14 0,9 Antelope 16% High quality hay, lucerne 1:2 Natural browse Bushbuck Browser ,35 0,57 0,5 0,48 0,76 0,6 Antelope 16% High quality hay, lucerne 1:2 Natural browse Grey rhebuck Browser ,23 0,36 0,3 0,31 0,49 0,3 Antelope 16% High quality hay, lucerne 1:2 Natural browse Common duiker Browser ,24 0,39 0,3 0,32 0,51 0,3 Antelope 16% High quality hay, lucerne 1:2 Natural browse Red duiker Browser ,16 0,25 0,2 0,2 0,33 0,2 Antelope 16% High quality hay, lucerne 1:2 Natural browse Klipspringer Browser ,18 0,3 0,2 0,25 0,4 0,3 Antelope 16% High quality hay, lucerne 1:2 Natural browse Suni Browser 6 6 0,09 0,15 0,1 0,13 0,2 0,1 Antelope 16% High quality hay, lucerne 1:2 Natural browse Blue duiker Browser 4 5 0,08 0,13 0,1 0,1 0,16 0,1 Antelope 16% High quality hay, lucerne 1:2 Natural browse Buffalo Bulk grazers ,7 4,32 3,5 3,57 5,68 4,7 Antelope/Grazer High quality hay Natural grazing Eland Mixed feeders ,3 3,64 3 3,03 4,89 4 Antelope/Grazer High quality hay, lucerne 2:1 Natural browse & grazing Gemsbok Mixed feeders ,28 2,05 1,6 1,69 2,73 2,2 Antelope/Grazer High quality hay, lucerne 2:1 Natural browse & grazing Red hartebeest Mixed feeders ,89 1,42 1,1 1,16 1,85 1,5 Antelope/Grazer High quality hay, lucerne 2:1 Natural browse & grazing European fallow deer Mixed feeders ,44 0,7 0,6 0,59 0,94 0,8 Antelope 16% High quality hay, lucerne 2:1 Natural browse & grazing Impala Mixed feeders ,42 0,67 0,6 0,55 0,88 0,7 Antelope 16% High quality hay, lucerne 2:1 Natural browse & grazing Springbok Mixed feeders ,36 0,58 0,5 0,48 0,76 0,6 Antelope 16% High quality hay, lucerne 2:1 Natural browse & grazing FEEDING INSTRUCTIONS: Cow/calf unit intake for a cow/ewe in lactation (month 1 3 of calf/lamb s life) Average intake value for animals in a general herd thus the intake of the bull/ram, dry cow/ dry ewe and a cow/ewe and calf/lamb unit Bomas zero grazing systems Hay supply use roughage guideline. Cubes or pellets use dry cow value as the intake value for all adult animals. Weaners and big calves supply half the cow s value 11 12

8 WILDLIFE INTAKE SPREAD SHEET FOR WINTER OR DRY SEASON SUPPLEMENTATION ON NATURAL VELD Weights Antelope 16% Grazer 12% Male Female Female Cow/ calf Female Cow/ calf Ruminants Feeding type kg kg kg kg kg kg kg kg The intakes on the spreadsheet supply the animals with 65% of their rumen degradable protein requirements in the dry months. Product Zero/limited grazing suggested roughage mix Extensively kept game Steenbok Mixed feeders ,16 0,25 0,2 0,2 0,33 0,2 Antelope 16% High quality hay, lucerne 2:1 Natural browse & grazing Cape grysbok Mixed feeders ,15 0,24 0,2 0,19 0,31 0,2 Antelope 16% High quality hay, lucerne 2:1 Natural browse & grazing Tropical grysbok Mixed feeders 9 8 0,11 0,18 0,1 0,15 0,24 0,2 Antelope 16% High quality hay, lucerne 2:1 Natural browse & grazing Roan Selective grazers ,84 2,94 2,3 2,43 3,89 3,1 Antelope/Grazer High quality hay, lucerne 4:1 Natural grazing Sable Selective grazers ,39 2,22 1,7 1,83 2,93 2,3 Antelope/Grazer High quality hay, lucerne 4:1 Natural grazing Blue wildebeest Selective grazers ,22 1,93 1,6 1,61 2,61 2 Antelope/Grazer High quality hay, lucerne 4:1 Natural grazing Waterbuck Selective grazers ,17 1,82 1,5 1,55 2,5 2 Antelope/Grazer High quality hay, lucerne 3:1 Natural grazing Lichtenstein's Selective grazers ,15 1,82 1,4 1,52 2,39 1,8 Antelope/Grazer High quality hay, lucerne 4:1 Natural grazing hartebeest Black wildebeest Selective grazers ,99 1,59 1,3 1,31 2,05 1,6 Antelope/Grazer High quality hay, lucerne 4:1 Natural grazing Tsessebe Selective grazers ,9 1,48 1,1 1,18 1,93 1,5 Antelope/Grazer High quality hay, lucerne 3:1 Natural grazing Red Lechwe Selective grazers ,65 1,03 0,8 0,86 1,39 1,1 Antelope/Grazer High quality hay, lucerne 3:1 Natural grazing Blesbok Selective grazers ,56 0,89 0,7 0,74 1,18 0,9 Antelope/Grazer High quality hay, lucerne 3:1 Natural grazing Bontebok Selective grazers ,49 0,78 0,6 0,65 1,03 0,8 Antelope 16% High quality hay, lucerne 4:1 Natural grazing Reedbuck Selective grazers ,45 0,73 0,6 0,6 0,97 0,8 Antelope 16% High quality hay, lucerne 3:1 Natural grazing Mountain reedbuck Selective grazers ,28 0,45 0,3 0,38 0,6 0,5 Antelope 16% High quality hay, lucerne 3:1 Natural grazing Oribi Selective grazers ,16 0,25 0,2 0,2 0,33 0,2 Antelope 16% High quality hay, lucerne 3:1 Natural grazing Damara dik-dik Selective grazers 4 4 0,07 0,11 0,1 0,09 0,15 0,1 Antelope 16% High quality hay, lucerne 3:1 Natural grazing FEEDING INSTRUCTIONS: Cow/calf unit intake for a cow/ewe in lactation (month 1 3 of calf/lamb s life) Average intake value for animals in a general herd thus the intake of the bull/ram, dry cow/dry ewe and a cow/ewe and calf/lamb unit Bomas zero grazing systems Hay supply use roughage guideline. Cubes or pellets use dry cow value as the intake value for all adult animals. Weaners and big calves supply half the cow s value 13 14

9 WILDLIFE INTAKE SPREAD SHEET FOR WINTER OR DRY SEASON SUPPLEMENTATION ON NATURAL VELD Weights Antelope 16% Grazer 12% Male Female Female Cow/ calf Female Cow/ calf Non-ruminants Feeding type kg kg kg kg kg kg kg kg The intakes on the spreadsheet supply the animals with 65% of their digestible protein requirements in the dry months. Product Zero/limited grazing suggested roughage mix Extensively kept game Warthog Selective grazers ,6 1,5 1 0,73 2 1,3 Grazer 12% High quality hay, lucerne 3:1 Natural grazing Bushpig Selective grazers ,6 1,5 1 0,73 2 1,3 Grazer 12% High quality hay, lucerne 3:1 Natural grazing Ostrich Selective grazers ,3 0 1,3 Grazer 12% High quality hay, lucerne 2:1 Natural grazing Burchell's zebra Bulk grazers ,05 4,66 3,1 2,73 6,25 4,1 Grazer/Rhino cube High quality hay Natural grazing Cape mountain zebra Bulk grazers ,59 3,75 2,5 2,16 4,89 3,3 Grazer/Rhino cube High quality hay Natural grazing Hartmann's mountain Bulk grazers ,82 4,2 2,8 2,5 5,68 3,9 Grazer/Rhino cube High quality hay Natural grazing zebra Black rhinoceros Browser ,55 10,45 6,8 6,02 13,98 9,1 Antelope 16% Natural browse, lucerne, hay 2:05:05 Natural browse White rhinoceros Bulk grazers ,61 17,5 12,2 10,11 23,3 16,3 Rhino cube High quality hay, lucerne 4:1 Natural grazing Hippopotamus Selective grazers ,61 15,39 11,9 12,69 20,31 15,8 Grazer/Rhino cube High quality hay, lucerne 3:1 Natural grazing African elephant Mixed feeders ,89 34,2 26,1 19,77 45,68 34,8 Antelope 16% Natural browse, hay, lucerne 1:1:1 Natural browse, grazing FEEDING INSTRUCTIONS: Cow/calf unit intake for a cow/ewe in lactation (month 1 3 of calf/lamb s life) Average intake value for animals in a general herd thus the intake of the bull/ram, cow/ewe and a cow/ ewe and calf/lamb unit Bomas zero grazing systems Hay supply use roughage guideline. Cubes or pellets use dry cow value as the intake value for all adult animals. Weaners and big calves supply half the cow s value 15 16

10 NOTES NOTES 17

11 MOLATEK PO Box 47, Malelane, 1320 Tel: +27(0) Fax: +27(0) uppe marketing A15449 EPOL Berlin PO Box 17, Berlin, South Africa, 5660 Tel: +27(0) Fax: +27(0) EPOL Pietermaritzburg PO Box 1299, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, 3200 Tel: +27(0) Fax: +27(0) EPOL Pretoria West PO Box 19096, Pretoria West, South Africa, 0117 Tel: +27(0) Fax: +27(0) EPOL Rustenburg PO Box 82318, Rustenburg, South Africa, 0300 Tel: +27(0) Fax: +27(0) EPOL Worcester PO Box 105, Worcester, South Africa, 6850 Tel: +27(0) Fax: +27(0) EPOL Pietermaritzburg Bagging Depot 17 Willowton Road, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, 3200 Tel: +27(0) Fax: +27(0) RCL FOODS HEAD OFFICE, TEN THE BOULEVARD, WESTWAY OFFICE PARK, WESTVILLE, 3629 P.O. BOX 2734, WESTWAY OFFICE PARK, 3635 REG NO 1966/004972/06 JULY 2017

FEEDING BROCHURE EQUINE PRODUCTS

FEEDING BROCHURE EQUINE PRODUCTS EPOL LEADING THE FIELD...... through leading-edge feed and nutrition technology. Epol is scientifically formulated to give horses a perfectly balanced diet. Epol s in-house