Skeleton. The left forearm is in the position of supination, the right in pronation.

Transcription

1 S ystemic review A Skeleton A from the front B B from behind The left forearm is in the position of supination, the right in pronation. Skull Mandible Hyoid bone Cervical vertebrae Clavicle Sternum Costal cartilages Ribs Scapula Humerus Radius Ulna Carpal bones Metacarpal bones Phalanges of thumb and fingers Thoracic vertebrae Lumbar vertebrae Sacrum Hip bone Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Tarsal bones Metatarsal bones Phalanges of toes Coccyx

2 Musculature Muscles from the front Superficial muscles on the right side the body, deep muscles on the left side. Frontalis part of occipitofrontalis Orbicularis oculi Orbicularis oris Sternocleidomastoid Trapezius Deltoid Pectoralis major Biceps brachii Serratus anterior Rectus abdominis External oblique Superficial flexor muscles of forearm Inguinal ligament Tensor fasciae latae Adductor muscles Thenar muscles Hypothenar muscles Sartorius Rectus femoris Iliotibial tract Vastus lateralis Vastus medialis Patellar ligament Peroneal (fibular) muscles Gastrocnemius Extensor muscles of leg Soleus Buccinator Levator scapulae 0 Scalenus anterior Deltoid Pectoralis minor Serratus anterior Internal intercostal External intercostal Brachialis Internal oblique Deep flexor muscles of forearm Rectus sheath (posterior wall) 0 Psoas major and iliacus Adductor magnus Extensor hallucis longus

3 Musculature Muscles from behind Superficial muscles on the left side of the body, deep muscles on the right side. Sternocleidomastoid Trapezius Spine of scapula Deltoid Infraspinatus Latissimus dorsi Triceps External oblique Iliac crest Gluteus medius Superficial extensor muscles of forearm Gluteus maximus Iliotibial tract Biceps femoris Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Gastrocnemius Soleus Tendo calcaneus (Achilles tendon) Semispinalis capitis Splenius Levator scapulae Supraspinatus Rhomboid minor Infraspinatus Teres minor Rhomboid major Teres major Erector spinae 0 Triceps Deep extensor muscles of forearm Gluteus medius Piriformis Obturator internus Quadratus femoris Adductor magnus Semimembranosus Biceps femoris Popliteus 0 Soleus Deep flexor muscles of leg Flexor hallucis longus

4 Arteries and veins A B A Arteries major arteries (a.), from the front Superficial temporal a. Facial a. Internal carotid a. External carotid a. Common carotid a. Brachiocephalic trunk Internal thoracic a. Vertebral a. Subclavian a. Axillary a. Brachial a. Radial a. Ulnar a. Deep palmar arch Superficial palmar arch Heart Coronary a. Aorta Pulmonary trunk Pulmonary a. Coeliac trunk Left gastric a. Splenic a. Common hepatic a. Superior mesenteric a. Renal a. Inferior mesenteric a. Common iliac a. Internal iliac a. 0 External iliac a. Femoral a. Profunda femoris a. Popliteal a. Anterior tibial a. Posterior tibial a. Dorsalis pedis a. Plantar arch B Veins major veins (v.), from the front (The pulmonary veins enter the left at the back of the heart and are not shown.) Facial v. Internal jugular v. External jugular v. Subclavian v. Axillary v. Brachial v. Basilic v. Cephalic v. Median forearm v. Brachiocephalic v. Superior vena cava Azygos v. Liver Hepatic v. Portal v. Splenic v. Inferior mesenteric v. Superior mesenteric v. Renal v. Inferior vena cava Common iliac v. Internal iliac v. External iliac v. Femoral v. Profunda femoris v. Great saphenous v. Popliteal v. Small saphenous v.

5 Nerves Nerves the facial nerve (n.) and major branches of the brachial, lumbar and sacral plexuses A from the front B from the back Facial n. Brachial plexus Musculocutaneous n. Median n. Ulnar n. Lumbar plexus Obturator n. Femoral n. Saphenous n. Common peroneal (fibular) n. Superficial peroneal (fibular) n. Deep peroneal (fibular) n. Axillary n. Radial n. Sacral plexus Superior gluteal n. Inferior gluteal n. Pudendal n. Posterior femoral cutaneous n. Sciatic n. Tibial n. Sural n.

6 Dermatomes and nerves Spinal dermatomes and peripheral nerves Spinal dermatomes Peripheral nerves Spinal dermatomes [AQ ] C C C C T C C C T L S L L L Ophthalmic division Maxillary division Mandibular division Trigeminal Branches from cervical plexus Branches of C and C Posterior cervical rami Axillary Anterior thoracic rami Posterior thoracic rami Radial Branches from medial cord of brachial plexus Musculocutaneous Medial antebrachial cutaneous Lateral thoracic rami Posterior lumbar rami Ulnar Radial Median Ulnar Iliohypogastric Posterior sacral rami Ilioinguinal Posterior femoral cutaneous Lateral femoral cutaneous Anterior femoral cutaneous C T L S L L S C C C Obturator L S L Common peroneal Saphenous Superficial peroneal L S Sural Deep peroneal L After Keegan et al. Anatomical Record. There is great personal variation, see Foerster Brain. Overlap of dermatomes occurs over spinal root levels. [

7 Cross-sections of the human body Cross-sections of the human body Head and neck cross-sections A section at level of optic chiasma B section at level of vocal cords B A Arytenoid cartilage Claustrum Common carotid artery Ethmoidal air cells Head of caudate nucleus Internal capsule of cerebrum Internal jugular vein Lamina of vertebra Lateral rectus muscle Lens Lentiform nucleus Levator scapulae muscle Ligamentum nuchae Longus colli muscle Medial rectus muscle Nasal cavity Optic canal Optic chiasma Optic nerve Optic radiation Orbital fat Piriform fossa, pharynx Platysma muscle Scalenus anterior muscle Scalenus medius and scalenus posterior Semispinalis capitis muscle Spinal cord Spinalis muscle Splenius capitis muscle 0 Sternocleidomastoid muscle Superior sagittal sinus Temporal lobe, cerebrum Temporalis muscle Thalamus Thyroid cartilage Thyroid gland, lateral lobe Trapezius muscle Vertebral artery in transverse foramen Vertebral body 0 Vertebral canal Vocal cord Zygomatic bone A B [AQ ] Images on pages inclusive are from the National Library of Medicine (USA), Visible Human Data Set.

8 Cross-sections of the human body Thorax cross-sections C D 0 C section at T vertebral level D section at T/ vertebral level Ascending aorta Axillary fat with brachial plexus Brachiocephalic artery Deltoid muscle Descending aorta Erector spinae muscle Humerus Infraspinatus muscle Intercostal muscles Left brachiocephalic vein Left common carotid artery Left main bronchus Left subclavian artery Lung Oesophagus Pectoralis major muscle Pectoralis minor muscle Pulmonary trunk Rhomboid major muscle Right brachiocephalic vein Right main bronchus Serratus anterior muscle Short head of biceps brachii and coracobrachialis muscles Sternal marrow Subscapularis muscle Superior vena cava Trachea Tracheobronchial lymph nodes (carinal nodes) Trapezius muscle 0 Triceps muscle Vertebral body C D

9 Cross-sections of the human body Abdomen cross-sections E F 0 E section at L vertebral level F section at L vertebral level Aorta Body of pancreas Descending colon Diaphragm Duodenum Erector spinae muscle External oblique muscle Gall bladder Head of pancreas Inferior vena cava Intercostal muscle Intervertebral disc Kidney Latissimus dorsi muscle Left crus of diaphragm Left renal vein Linea alba Linea semilunaris Liver Perirenal fat Portal vein Psoas muscle Quadratus lumborum muscle Rectus abdominis muscle Rib Right crus of diaphragm Small intestine Spinal cord Spleen 0 Splenic artery and vein Stomach Superior mesenteric vessels Tail of pancreas Transverse colon Vertebral body E F

10 Cross-sections of the human body Pelvic region cross-sections G H G section at level of the hip joint in a male pelvis H section at level of the upper thigh in a male pelvis Adductor brevis muscle Adductor longus muscle Adductor magnus muscle Anal canal Bladder Bulb of penis Coccygeus part of levator ani muscle Coccyx Crus of penis Femoral artery Femoral nerve Femoral vein Femur Gluteus maximus muscle Gluteus minimus muscle Great saphenous vein Hamstring origin Head of femur Ischiocavernosus Ischial tuberosity Ischioanal fossa Ischium Levator ani muscle Ligament of head of femur Iliopsoas muscle Iliotibial tract Obturator externus muscle Obturator internus muscle Pectineus muscle 0 Quadratus femoris muscle Rectum Rectus abdominis muscle Rectus femoris muscle Sartorius muscle Sciatic nerve Seminal vesicles Spermatic cord Tensor fasciae latae muscle Vastus intermedius muscle 0 Vastus lateralis muscle G H