Chicken Wing Dissection Lab

Transcription

1 Name Period Assignment # Chicken Wing Dissection Lab Prelab (Questions 1-12) A tissue is composed of a layer or group of cells of similar size, shape, and function. Within the human body, there are four major types of tissues: 1) epithelial, which cover the body s external and internal surfaces; 2) connective, which bind and support parts; 3) muscle, which make movement possible; and 4) nervous, which conduct impulses from one part of the body to another and help to control and coordinate body activities. 1) What are the 4 main tissue types? Tissues Connective tissues contain a variety of cell types and occur in all regions of the body. They bind structures together, provide support and protection, fill spaces, store fat, and produce blood cells. Connective tissues can be divided into four categories: connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, and blood. Connective tissue proper can be divided into two categories: loose connective tissue and dense connective tissue. Loose connective tissue can be divided into three categories: areolar, adipose, and reticular. Dense connective tissue can be divided into three categories: regular, irregular, and elastic. Cartilage can be divided into three categories: fibrocartilage, hyaline, and elastic. Bone can be divided into two categories: dense and spongy. 2) What are the functions of connective tissue? I. II. III. IV. V.

2 3) Fill out the graphic organizer below based on the reading above. Connective Tissues

3 Bones of the Human Arm The proximal portion of the arm is formed by one long bone, the humerus. The top end of the humerus is rounded and fits into a cup-shaped depression in the scapula forming a ball-and socket joint. Ball-and-socket joints allow for circular movement. The two bones of the forearm are the radius and the ulna. The ulna is fixed in position, but the radius can rotate over the ulna. This makes rotation of the forearm possible in motions such as twisting a screwdriver. When an organism wants to move, signals travel from the brain to the skeletal muscle cells. The muscle cells then contract (get shorter). Strands of dense regular connective tissue connect the skeletal muscles to bones. These strands of tissue are called tendons. When a muscle that connects two bones gets shorter, the bones are pulled closer to each other. For example, tendons attach the biceps muscle to your scapula (the coracoid process and the supra glenoid tubercle) and to the radius of your forearm. When the biceps muscle shortens, your forearm bends toward your shoulder. The skeletal muscles often work in pairs to produce smooth, controlled motions by pulling, or contracting. When one muscle in the pair bends part of the body, the other muscle extends or straightens part of the body. 4) What are the 3 types of joints? (Question #23: How does the skeleton move?) I. II. III. 5) Label the joints featured below 6) Describe the movement that each joint featured above allows.

4 7) For the following words: state the function, type of tissue (for example, irregular dense connective tissue proper), and give an example found in a human arm. (Question #18: How do the structures of the integumentary system determine its function?; Question #20: What are the functions of the axial and appendicular skeletal systems; Question #28: How does the structure of muscle tissue relate to its function?). Function Tissue classification Example found in human arm and explanation of its function in the human arm Epidermis Dermis Subcutaneous layer (hypodermis) Flexor muscle Types of tissue found in a muscle Extensor muscle Tendon Ligament Articular cartilage

5 With your left hand, grasp something with weight such as a heavy textbook or bag and hold it at your side. Place your right hand on your left biceps. Now slowly lift the object. Repeat this motion a few times. Place your right hand on your triceps and slowly lift the object. Repeat this motion a few times. 8) What joint did you use to lift the weight? 9) Which muscle was the flexor? 10) Which muscle was the extensor? 11) Which bones in the arm moved? 12) Which bone in the arm did not move? Purpose: To observe the structure and function of the tissue types found in a chicken wing Materials: Gloves Scissors Probes Chicken wing Procedure: 1) Pick up the chicken wing and bend it straight 2) Now push the chicken wing together Record at least 3 questions below (consider the muscles, skin, and bones) Questions

6 3) Using the scissors, cut down the middle of the skin, starting at the top end of the upper wing. Try not to cut through the muscles below the skin. Do this by piercing the skin and then slipping the scissors between the skin layer and the muscle. Cut until you reach the shoulder joint. 4) Cut down the sides of the skin to make a T-shaped cut. Start at the first cut and cut away from it in both directions. Peel the skin and cut to loosen it. (Take your time peeling it back so as not to damage the tissues underlying it) Complete the data table in the results section as you work through the following procedures 5) Observe the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer (hypodermis) 6) Find the two muscle groups in the proximal end of the wing. Hold the wing down by the shoulder and move the wing tip back and forth. Watch how the muscles move. Each muscle pulls on the lower wing bones in one direction (the flexor bends the joint). Since the flexor cannot lengthen by itself to push the bone back to straighten the joint, another muscle pulls the bone in the opposite direction (extensor). 7) Find the distal muscle group of the wing. Hold the wing down at the shoulder and move the wing tip back and forth. Watch how the distal muscles move. 8) Tendons are shiny white tissues at the ends of the muscles that attach muscles to bones. Find as many tendons as you can on the chicken wing 9) Pull on a tendon to see how it helps the chicken move its wing 10) Demonstrate to your teacher Teacher initials 11) Use scissors to remove the muscles from the bone. Cut the tendons as close to the bone as possible. 12) Closely examine the elbow joint between the upper and lower wing and identify the ligaments.

7 13) Locate the ball-in-socket joint and the hinge joint of the wing. Move different parts of the wing to observe these joints in action. 14) Identify the articular cartilage. Explore how the cartilage helps bone move without grinding against one another. 15) Pull the articular cartilage away from the proximal and distal ends of the humerus 16) Throw the chicken remains away and wash all equipment with soapy water Results: Epidermis Description (Color, texture, etc.) Dermis Subcutaneous layer (hypodermis) Flexor muscle Extensor muscle Tendon Ligament Articular cartilage Analysis: 13) Explain how muscles cause movement. Your answer must include the following words underlined: bone, muscle, tendon, extensor, flexor, shorten, and lengthen. 14) What tissue is referred to as the meat of a chicken wing?

8 15) Imagine ordering a dozen chicken wings. You get a combination of different shaped pieces often called legs and wings. Explain why this is an incorrect description of your food. Use anatomical vocabulary to support your answer. Teacher initials Search for osteoarthritis on Wikipedia. 16) Define arthritis 17) Define osteoarthritis 18) What structure and tissue type observed in this lab is degenerated when someone has this condition?