SIR MICHELANGELO REFALO

Transcription

1 SIR MICHELANGELO REFALO SIXTH FORM Half Yearly Exam 2014 Name: Subject: Physical Education Intermediate Time: 2 Hours Answer ALL questions Question 1: (The Skeleton) The human skeleton is made up of 206 bones. Fill in the names of 20 different bones in figure 1.1 Use different colours for the AXIAL and APPENDICULAR skeleton. (5 points) Figure 1.1 Page 1

2 Question 2: What are the five different basic functins of the human skeleton: Question 3: Bones are designed to carry out a variety of specific functions and fall into one of five categoties acoording to their shape and size. Fill in the five different type of bones of the human skeleton: Question 4: i) Cartilage is a soft stightly elastic tissue. It does not possess a blood supply. What are the three basic types of cartilage in the human body:,, ii) A bone is a rigid, non elastic tissue, composed of mineral and organic tissue. There are two types of bones: Question 5: The main role of the ligaments is to Ligaments are that are composed almost entirely of thick bundles of. Page 2

3 Question 6: (Joints and articulations) Figure 1.2 illustrates a typical synovial joint. Fill in the five blanks form the list provided: synovial membrane; articular cartilage; periosteum; aricular capsule, articulating bones; synovial fluid; fibrous capsule; accessory ligament. Figure 1.2 Question 7: i) Joints are classified according to the degree of movement allowed. There are three basic types of joints:,, ii) The is a small sacs of synovial fluid located in the joint at sites of friction. It is sited in areas of increased pressure or stress and help to reduce friction as tissues and structures move past each other. (2.5 points) Page 3

4 Question 8: Figure 1.3 represents a human skeleton with numbers 1 to 8 marking the eight diffeernt joints. Fill in the blanks in the following table. The stars are there to help you. (10 point) JOINT No JOINT NAME JOINT TYPE BONES THAT ARTICULATE MOVEMENTS POSSIBLE AT JOINTS Ball and socket 5 Spine Vertebral column Page 4

5 Question 9: (Muscles) A i) Diagram A shows a back raise exercise. Use the diagram to help you identify the i) agonist and ii) antagonist. i) ii) ii) Diagram B shows an athlete during the take-off phase of the long jump. Complete the joint analyses below. a) Knee joint during extension: B Type of joint: Articulating bones: b) Ankle joints during plantar flexion: Type of joint: Agonist: C iii) Diagram C shows a gymnast performing a trunk jump. Apply your knowledge to complete the following movement analysis table. JOINT JOINT ARTICULATING MOVEMENT AGONIST ANTAGONIST TYPE BONES OCCURRING HIP FLEXION (10 Points) Page 5

6 Question 10: Fill in 15 blanks from the list provided: Elbow joint; Bellies of Biceps Brachii; Insertion on Ulna; Biceps Brachii muscle shortens as Agonist; Origins from Scapula; Origins from Scapula and Humerus; Elbow Joint; Tendon; Lengthening of Triceps (Antagonist); Insertion on Radius; Ulna; Shoulder Joint; Radius; Scapula; Bellies of triceps Brachii muscle, Humerus. (2.5 Points) Question 11: Sports players need to develop strength in their muscles. Identify one exercise for each muscle which would develop strength in each of the following muscles: i) Gastocnemius: ii) Rectus abdominis: iii) Hamstring group: iv) Biceps Brachii: v) Deltoids: (2.5 Points) Page 6

7 Question 12: Fill in the blanks for (a) 10 muscles of the anterior view of the skeletal muscles and (b) 10 muscles of the posterior view of the skeletal muscles. (10 points) (b) Anterior view (a) Posterior view Page 7

8 Question 13: What are the main differences between fast oxidative glycolytic fibres and fast-twitch glycolytic fibres? Support your explanation by giving sports examples. (2.5 Points) Question 14: Exercise can help prevent and improve skeletal conditions such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Identify the difference between osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. (2.5 Points) Question 15: (Mechanics of sport & exercise) The gymnast here is performing a head stand with the centre of mass marked by an X. Describe how the centre of mass can affect a balance in head stand? X CENTRE OF MASS (2.5 Points) Page 8

9 Question 16: Mention two sports practical examples to describe how linear motion is produced. When hitting a ball in tennis, an understanding of force is important. Explain how force can cause the ball to i) move straight, ii) spin? i) ii) Question 17: (The Heart) From the list provided, fill in 10 blanks of your choice for the structure of the heart in the figure below. Page 9

10 Question 18: From the list provided fill in all the blanks for the conduction system of the heart in the figure below. Question 19: (Cardiac Dynamics) A jogger is completing a 10-mile maraton run. Draw a graph to show how the jogger s cardiac output changes in the following phases of the aerobic training session: prior to the exercise, during exercise, recovery period. Question 20: Draw and lable a diagram to show how the blood flows through the pulmonary and systemic networks of the jogger s body during the marathon. Page 10

11 Question 21: (The Vascular system) In the following diagram fill in the blanks to complete the blood vessel structure. Question 22: From the list provided fill in the blanks to explain the distribution of blood in the body at rest. Page 11

12 (For office use only) Question number Points Question number Points Question 1 Question 12 Question 2 Question 13 Question 3 Question 14 Question 4 Question 15 Question 5 Question 16 Question 6 Question 17 Question 7 Question 18 Question 8 Question 19 Question 9 Question 20 Question 10 Question 21 Question 11 Question 22 TEST (80 points): PRACTICAL (20 points): TOTAL (100 points): Page 12