Table of Contents: Foreword Preface Acknowledgementsi Dedication

Transcription

1 Table of Contents: Foreword Preface Acknowledgementsi Dedication Chapter 1 Problems of concept and nomenclature of benign disorders of the breast The source of the problem History The present and the future Chapter 2 History of benign breast disease Sir Astley Paston Cooper, Bt. FRS DCL GCH Alfred Velpeau John Birkett FRCS Fellow of the Linnean Society George Lenthal Cheatle Joseph Colt Bloodgood Charles F. Geschickter. 1901? An analysis of the contributions of these six men Chapter 3 Breast anatomy and physiology Development Changes at puberty Adult anatomy Microscopic anatomy Biochemical control of breast epithelium Cyclical changes in breast epithelium Changes during pregnancy and lactation Postmenopausal involution Chapter 4 Aberrations of normal development and involution (ANDI): a concept of benign breast disorders based on pathogenesis Recognition of the normality of much benign breast disease Problems with the conventional view of benign breast disease The physiological processes underlying the ANDI concept A framework based on pathogenesis Reasons for including various benign breast disorders as part of ANDI An extension of the concept of ANDI to include most benign breast disorders? Implications for the management of benign breast disorders Aberration to disease? Recent developments having a bearing on the ANDI concept Chapter 5 The approach to diagnosis and assessment of breast lumps Part 1: The differential diagnosis and clinical assessment of breast lumps Clinical assessment of a breast lump Features of individual lesions Follow-up after assessment and/or benign breast biopsy Management of recurrent lumps following biopsy Breast masses related to different life periods

2 Part 2: Triple assessment and organization of the breast clinic Fine needle aspiration cytology Ultrasound in triple assessment Wide-bore needle biopsy Mammotome or vacuum-assisted biopsy Organization of clinics Medico-legal issues Chapter 6 Imaging of the breast Breast density Mammography Breast ultrasound Breast magnetic resonance imaging Biopsy techniques Breast localization techniques Chapter 7 Fibroadenoma and related tumours Terminology Fibroadenoma simplex Cancer and fibroadenoma Multiple fibroadenomas Giant fibroadenoma Phyllodes tumour and phyllodes sarcoma (cystosarcoma phyllodes) Pseudoangiomatous hyperplasia Chapter 8 Breast pain and nodularity Historical note Frequency of breast pain Mastalgia in breast cancer Classification Aetiology of mastalgia and nodularity Management of patients with mastalgia Natural history of mastalgia Plan of management for patients with mastalgia Mastalgia in the postmenopausal patient Patients with refractory mastalgia The relationship of cyclical mastalgia to premenstrual stress Conclusion Chapter 9 Sclerosing adenosis, radial scar and complex sclerosing lesions Sclerosing adenosis Radial scar and complex sclerosing lesions Chapter 10 Cysts of the breast Pathology Incidence Pathogenesis and cyst types Aetiology Clinical features

3 Age Natural history Investigation Differential diagnosis management Galactocele Papillary tumours associated with macrocysts Chapter 11 The duct ectasia/periductal mastitis complex Historical survey Pathology and pathogenesis of duct ectasia/periductal mastitis The development of the duct ectasia/periductal mastitis complex The clinical spectrum of duct ectasia/periductal mastitis Breast masses associated with periductal mastitis Frequency of duct ectasia/periductal mastitis Radiology Management The consequences and results of operations for duct actasia Recurrent infection after surgery for periductal mastitis Chapter 12 Disorders of the nipple and areola Nipple inversion and retraction Cracked nipples Nipple crusting Erosive adenomatosis Syringomatous adenoma Nodular mucinosis Simple fibroepithelial polyp Eczema Leiomyoma Traumatic lesions Nipple pain Nipple disease and HIV infection Montgomery s glands Sebaceous cyst of the nipple Viral infections Hidradenitis suppurativa of the areola Chapter 13 Nipple discharge Definition Incidence Character and significance of discharge Pathology underlying nipple discharge Assessment Management Chapter 14 Infections of the breast Lactational breast infection Subclinical mastitis Nonlactational breast abscess Infections in immunocompromised patients Iatrogenic abscess

4 Specific infections of the breast Infections of associated structures Chapter 15 Congenital and growth disorders Developmental anomalies Premature breast development Hypertrophic abnormalities of the breast Excessive postlactational involution Genetic abnormalities involving the breast Surgical treatment Chapter 16 The male breast Development of the male breast Gynaecomastia Other male breast disease Chapter 17 Miscellaneous conditions Trauma Fat necrosis Paraffinoma and silicone reactions Lipoma Hamartoma (adenolipoma) Oedema of the breast The post-irradiated breast Fibrous disease of the breast Fibromatosis (desmoid tumour) Nodular fasciitis Diabetic mastopathy Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (non-specific granulomatous disease) Sarcoid Amyloid Blood vessels Atherosclerosis and aneurysm Mondor s disease Infarction Skin-related conditions Hidradenitis suppurativa of the breast Tumours of nerve origin Granular cell tumour (myoblastoma) Artefactual disease of the breast Foreign bodies Mammalithiasis Phantom breast syndrome Mammary mucocele-like lesion Breast tumour of pregnancy (lactating adenoma) Collagenous spherulosis of the breast Gynaecomastia-like lesions in women Chapter 18 Operations Tissue diagnosis in the clinic Removal of giant fibroadenoma and phyllodes tumour Microdochectomy Excision of mammary duct fistula Major duct excision (Adair/Urban/Hadfield) Drainage of a lactational breast abscess

5 Subcutaneous mastectomy in male patients Subcutaneous mastectomy or skin sparing mastectomy in women Operations for inverted nipples Chapter 19 Psychological aspects of benign breast disease Psychological problems resulting from presenting with breast problems Psychological abnormality as a cause of benign breast disease Chapter 20 Risk assessment and management Summary Breast cancer: the disease The breast cancer genes Conclusion Index