History of Vaccines. Stanley A. Plotkin ADVAC HISTORY /21/ :21 AM
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1 History of Vaccines Stanley A. Plotkin ADVAC HISTORY /21/ :21 AM 1
2 Sources of Information on The History of Vaccines: Short: Medium: Long: Chapter 1 of the book Vaccines, By Plotkin and Plotkin Vaccines, A Biography Edited by A. Artenstein Vaccination, A History By H Bazin 2
3 The impact of vaccination on the health of the world s peoples is hard to exaggerate. With the exception of safe water, no other modality has had such a major effect on mortality reduction and population growth. Susan and Stanley Plotkin, A Short History of Vaccination, in Vaccines 1 st Edition,
4 Lady Mary Wortley Montagu
5 VOLTAIRE ON VARIOLATION Eleventh Philosophical Letter The women of the Caucausus are since time immemorial in the habit of giving smallpox to their children, even at the age of six months, by making an incision on the arm and there inserting in that incision a pustule that they have taken carefully from the body of another child The Caucasians are poor and their daughters are beautiful, and it is they who furnish beauties to the harem of the Sultan A commercial people are always alert to their interests The Caucasians perceived that among a thousand persons one finds hardly one that catches smallpox virus twice 5
6 E d w a r d J E N N E R
7
8 L O U I S P A S T E U R
9 Pouilly-le-fort (Pasteur Institute)
10 Joseph Meister
11 Jean-Baptise Jupille at Institute Pasteur
12 Daniel Elmer Salmon ( ) 12
13 Theobald Smith ( ) 13
14 Wilhelm Kolle
15 Sir Almroth Wright
16 Emil Adolf von Behring Nobel Prize
17 Pierre Paul Émile Roux
18 Kitasato Shibasaburo
19 Paul Ehrlich
20 Jules Bordet
21 1798 Smallpox (Live) Rabies (Live) Cholera (inactivated Typhoid (inactivated) Plague (inactivated) 21
22 Gaston Ramon,
23 Calmette administering oral BCG vaccination 23
24 Max Theiler, South African born physician. Nobel Prize
25 Richard Shope
26 Diphtheria (toxoid) Pertussis (inactivated) Yellow Fever (live) Typhus (Inactivated) Tetanus (toxoid) Tuberculosis bacille Calmette-Guérin (live) Influenza (Inactivated) 26
27 John Enders , Frederick Robbins, and Thomas Weller,
28 Hilary Koprowski
29 Dr. Jonas Salk
30 Albert Sabin
31 John Enders and Samuel Katz
32 Maurice Hilleman
33 Polio (oral, live) Measles (live) Rubella (live) Meningococcal PS Adenovirus (live) Rabies (cell culture) Haemophilus influenzae type b (polysaccharide) Polio (Inactivated) Mumps (live) Anthrax (secreted protein) Pneumococcal PS Tick-borne encephalitis (inactivated) Hepatitis B (Plasma derived) Haemophilus influenzae (conjugate) 33
34 Robert Austrian
35 Oswald Avery
36 John Robbins 36
37 Polio (oral, live) Measles (live) Rubella (live) Meningococcal PS Adenovirus (live) Rabies (cell culture) Haemophilus influenzae type b (polysaccharide) Polio (Inactivated) Mumps (live) Anthrax (secreted protein) Pneumococcal PS Tick-borne encephalitis (inactivated) Hepatitis B (Plasma derived) Haemophilus influenzae (conjugate) 37
38 Herbert Boyer 38
39 Stanley Cohen 39
40 Michiaki Takahashi
41 Albert Z. Kapikan
42 Hepatitis B (recombinant) Typhoid (live) Japanese encephalitis inactivated Cholera (WC-rBC vaccine) Cholera (recombinant toxin) Cholera (live) Typhoid (Vi polysaccharide) Varicella (live) Acellular Pertussis (proteins) Hepatitis A (inactivated) Rotavirus (reassortants) Meningococcal (conjugate) Lyme disease (OspA protein) Pneumococcal (conjugate) 42
43 Vaccines Licensed Since 2000 Live Attenuated Influenza Rotavirus Meningococcal A/C/W/Y Human Papillomavirus Meningococcal Group B Zoster Japanese encephalitis (Vero) 43
44 Fred Clark and Paul Offit
45 Douglas Lowy and John Schiller
46 46
47 Sacred to the memories of the sons of Jabez and Lydia Sweet Henry, died Jan 13, 1800, aged 4 months Ebeneezer, died April 14, 1802, aged 14 months Jabez, died Sept 10, 1803, aged 12 months Jabez-Henry, died May 20, 1807, aged 10 months
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