CHAPTER-III METHODOLOGY

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "CHAPTER-III METHODOLOGY"

Alfred Sullivan
5 years ago
Views:

1 CHAPTER-III METHODOLOGY Statement of Problem Objectives Hypotheses Methodology Sample Variables Research Design Research Tests Description of tests Procedure of Data collection Statistical Analysis This chapter comprised of sampling details, variables, the research design, tests employed for the gathering data, procedure for conducting the study and the statistical methods used for analysis. 3.1 Statement of the Problem To Compare Ego Strength, Emotional Intelligence and Selfconcept of Buddhist Monks and Laypersons in Thailand. [66]

2 3.2 Objectives The objectives of the present study are as under;- 1. To study and compare the level of ego strength of Buddhist monks and Laypersons of Thailand. 2. To compare the male and female subjects on their measure of ego strength. 3. To study the difference between Buddhist monks and Laypersons of Thailand on their measure of ego-strength in relation to their gender. 4. To study and compare the level of emotional intelligence of Buddhist monks and Laypersons of Thailand. 5. To study the effect of gender on emotional intelligence criteria of the subjects. 6. To study the difference between Buddhist monks and Laypersons of Thailand on their measure of emotional intelligence in relation to their gender. 7. To study and compare the Buddhist monks with Laypersons of Thailand on their measure of self-concept. 8. To study the effect of gender on self-concept criteria of the subjects. 9. To study the difference between Buddhist monks and Laypersons of Thailand on their measure of ego-strength in relation to their gender. 10. To study the relationship of emotional intelligence with ego strength and self-concept. 11. To study the relationship between Ego-strength and self-concept. [67]

3 3.3 Hypotheses After reviewing the literature following hypothesis were formulated;- 1. Buddhist monks are significantly higher in their ego strength as compared to Laypersons. 2. Male and female subjects are significantly different in their ego strength criteria. 3. Buddhist monks and Laypersons are significantly different on their measure of ego strength in relation to their gender. 4. Buddhist monks possess higher level of emotional intelligence as compared to Laypersons. 5. Male and female subjects are significantly different in their measure of emotional intelligence. 6. Buddhist monks and Laypersons are not significantly different on their level of emotional intelligence in relation to their gender. 7. Buddhist monks and Laypersons of Thailand are significantly different on their measure of self-concept. 8. Male and female subjects are significantly different in their self-concept criteria. 9. Buddhist monks and Laypersons are significantly different on their measure of self-concept in relation to their gender. 10. Emotional intelligence will be significantly and positively correlated with ego-strength and self-concept. 11. Ego-strength will be significantly and positively correlated with self-concept. [68]

4 3.4 Methodology Sample: The sample was selected from the population of Buddhist monks/ Nuns and Lay persons with age range 30 to 50 years form different Wats, Private and public organizations of Thailand. Buddhist monks/ nuns were selected from Wats A residence of Monks whereas layperson were selected from different Private and Public organizations. Both groups comprised of total 400 number of participants with equal number of male and female).the convenience sample (a type of nonprobability sampling Technique) was employed in the present study. Apart from gender and age range their socio economic status, family background, living area etc. were not taken into consideration while they were assigning in the groups. The sample distribution is depicted as follows; Table 3.1 Sample Distribution Buddhist monks/nuns. Lay Persons Total Male Female Total N=400 [69]

5 Variables: The variables considered in the resent investigation are described as follows- Table 3.2 Description of variables Name of Variable Category of Variable No. and Name of parameter/ Level Nature of variable Monkhood status IV Monk Laymen Categorical Gender IV Male Female Categorical Ego-strength DV ---- Measurable (continuous) Emotional Intelligence DV ---- Measurable (continuous) Self-Concept DV -- Measurable (continuous) [70]

6 Operational definitions of Variables: Monkhood status:- In this study monkhood status refers to the ordination of Persons to Buddhism who perform various religious activities, rituals and practice Vipassana meditation daily (Monkhood). It is categorized under two groups in Thailand i.e. Monks and Nuns. Monks/Nuns:-Those who are involved in studying and preaching Buddhism to Thai People after their ordination. In Thailand Male is known as Monk and female is known as Nun. Laymen:- Those who live with their family and work in Public and Private organizations in Thailand. Gender:- Gender refers specifically to the biological characteristics, which indicate membership in one of two categories: Male or Female. Ego strength:- Ego strength refers to the score obtained on Egostrength Scale constructed and standardized by Dr.Q.Hasan. Emotional Intelligence:- Emotional Intelligence refers to the score obtained on Emotional-Intelligence Scale, developed by Hyde, Pethe and Dhar. Self-Concept:- self- concept refers to score obtained on selfconcept scale developed by Mukta Rani Rastogi. Research Design: designs- To attain the objectives, the present study dealt with two research [71]

7 1. Between Group Design- To find the existing differences among various groups based on their monkhood status and gender 2X2 factorial design, a type of between group design was employed. Table 3.3 2X2 Factorial Design Monkhood status A Total Gender Monk/Nuns Laymen B A 1 A 2 EXP. gr. 1 EXP. gr. 3 Male (B 1 ) (A1B1) N = 100 (A2B1) N = Female (B 2 ) EXP. gr. 2 (A2B2) N = 100 EXP. gr. 4 (A2B2) N = Total Where all experimental groups are as follows; A1B1 - Male undergoing monkhood (Monks) A1B2 - Female undergoing monkhood (Nuns) A2B1 - Male Laymen A2B2 - Female Laymen [72]

8 2. Within Group Design - To find the correlation within group design was employed Table 3.4 Within group design Sample Ego- Strength Emotional Intelligence Self-Concept N = 400 Research Tests: Table 3.5 List of Tests Aspect Measured Test and scale Developed by Ego strength Emotional Intelligence Self-Concept Ego strength Scale Emotional Intelligence Scale Self-Concept Scale Dr. Q. Hasan (1976) Hyde, Pethe & Dhar (2001) Dr. Mukta Rani Rastogi(1979) [73]

9 Description of the Tests: Ego strength Scale Ego strength scale developed by Dr. Q. Hasan was used to measure subjects ego strength. The original Ego-strength scale was developed by Barron (1963) to predict the responses of psychoneurotic patients to psychotherapy. This questionnaire consists 32 items in 5 dimensions. They are: 1. Perception 2. Mortality 3. Binding Tension 4. Judgment 5. Synthesizing The score range lie in between 0 to 32 as one mark is given for each of the no response against each item. The odd-even and test retest reliability of this adapted scale was found to be.78 and.82 respectively. Regarding validity of this scale this scale was found to be significantly correlated with such meaningful personality characteristics as neuroticism, external-internal control and security-insecurity. Emotional Intelligence Scale To measure the emotional intelligence of participants emotional intelligence scale (EIS) was used. This scale was developed by Hyde, Peth and Dhar (2001 ). It contains 34 items; Ten factors of emotional intelligence are included in this scale. They are 1) Self-awareness 2) Empathy 3) Self-motivation 4) Emotional stability 5) Managing relation 6) Integrity 7) Self-development 8) Value orientation 9) Commitment [74]

10 and 10) Altruistic behavior. The split-half reliability co-efficient was found to be 0.88 and validity co-efficient is also very high i.e Self-Concept Scale This scale was developed and standardized by Dr. Mukta Rani Rastogi. Ten constructs of self-concept are included in this scale. They are:health and sex appropriateness, Abilities, Self-Confidence, Self- Acceptance, Worthiness, Present, Past and Future, Beliefs and convictions, Feelings of shame and guilt, Sociability and Emotional maturity. This scale consists of total 51 items related to 10 constructs of self-concept covering the perceptual, conceptual and attitudinal elements of self-concept. The ten constructs are health and vigour, ability, self-confidence, self-acceptance, worthiness, present, past and future, belief and conviction, feeling of shame and guilt, sociability and emotional maturity. These items are positive and negative in their nature. Five alternative responses were given for each item namely strongly agree, Agree, Undecided, Disagree and strongly disagree. Positive items were scored five to one and negative items are scored one to five for the same response alternatives. This scale can be self-administrative in nature. It can be administrated individually as well as to a group. There is no time limit but the entire item can be completed in around 30 minutes. The reliability of this scale is determined by using split half method and found to be.87 which is indicative of highly reliability. Validity criteria of this scale is based on content validity. [75]

11 Procedure of data collection: First of all the list of various Wats and organizations (Public and Private) situated in Thailand was prepared and then these were visited one by one. The written permission was sought out from the respective authority after discussing the purpose of the present study. In order to finalize initial sample monks/nuns and male and female laypersons of these wats and organizations were approached and assigned into experimental groups namely Male undergoing monkhood, Female undergoing monkhood, Male laymen, female laymen. After their consent they were requested to fill the personal information schedule at initial stage and then after these four experimental groups were administrated the Ego strength scale, Emotional intelligence scale and Self-concept scale. While administrating tests it was taken into consideration to fill test one at a time in order to reduce fatigue and boredom effect. To fill the tests subjects were given general instructions about each test. Data were obtained by using particular scoring pattern standardized for each test. Statistical Analysis: The data was analyzed by suitable descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. Descriptive statistical Techniques The mean (with graphical representation) and standard deviation for monkhood status (Monks/Nuns & Laymen) and for gender (Male & Female) on ego-strength, emotional intelligence and self-concept were analyzed. [76]

12 Explorative statistic One-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test (Z test) was used to determine the data characteristics. Levin s Test of Equality of Error Variances (F test) was used to check the assumptions require for ANOVA. Inferential statistical Techniques To reach out the objectives of the present study two ways ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) and Correlation analysis ( Spearman s method) were used. [77]

Methodology Introduction of the study Statement of Problem Objective Hypothesis Method

Methodology Introduction of the study Statement of Problem Objective Hypothesis Method 3.1. Introduction of the study 3.2. Statement of Problem 3.3. Objective 3.4. Hypothesis 3.5. Method 3.5.1. Procedure Sample A.5.2. Variable A.5.3. Research Design A.5.4. Operational Definition Of The Terms