Lecture no. 7. There are four major families of receptors that are responsible for drug responses:
|
|
- Margery Montgomery
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Sunday 7/10/2012 Pharmacology Lecture no. 7 There are four major families of receptors that are responsible for drug responses: 1. Ligand gated ion receptors: Channels across the plasma membrane that bind to ligands and regulate ion flow. 2. G protein coupled receptors: Receptors at the inner surface of the plasma membrane that regulate or facilitate effector proteins. 3. Enzyme linked receptors: Receptors that bind to ligands from the extra cellular domain activating or inhibiting related cytosolic enzymes. 4. Intracellular receptors: Receptors inside the cell. In this case the ligand diffuses into the cell to bind to these receptors. Concept of 2 nd messengers: G proteins are transmembrane proteins that are connected to specific receptors which will react with endogenous hormone substances inside drugs. G proteins might immediately mediate hormonal activity or instead they might transfer the signal from the drug receptor complex to another enzyme called 2 nd messenger that in turn will mediate some hormonal activity. The pathway the G protein takes depends of the existence of the 2 nd messenger inside the cell. Examples on 2 nd messengers: 1. In slide no. 25: The stimulation of Adenylyl cyclase will stimulate ATP to be converted to camp then camp will mediate the hormonal activity as a response to the drug. The G protein here is "Adenylyl cyclase" and the 2 nd messenger is the "camp".
2 2. Diacylglycerol 3. Inositol trisphosphate 4. Calcium ( plays a major role as 2 nd messenger to many drugs) An experiment to prove that a particular 2 nd messenger mediates a response/effect for a specific drug or hormone: 1. Isolate the cell that will interact with the drug (from the target organ or tissue) in a dish. 2. Isolate other cellines with different 2 nd messengers. 3. Treat all cellines with the drug. 4. Observe the response for all cells. The response will be obvious and easily recognized (the drug will interact with the receptors and cause an increase in other substance such as hormones; e.g. TRH.) 5. The final response for the drug will be different in those cellines that have different 2 nd messengers. While if other cells are found with the same response as the interacting cells, then they will contain the same 2 nd messenger. Relationship between drug response and drug dose: Graded dose-response curves are used to test and evaluate particular responses to a specific dose drugs in isolated organs. Quantal dose-response curves are used to measure responses versus doses in individuals.
3 Graded dose-response curves: To be able to draw a Graded dose-response curve the organ is taken out and put in an organ bath (note: the organ bath contains fluid resembling our internal environment) then treated with a specific drug and after that the response (e.g. contraction in the intestine or increase in heart beats; depends on the organ and drug being used) will be measured using a physiological recorder. The dose must be known and it must be treated with a control, a placebo as an example (a placebo is a drug that contains all ingredients of the formula except for the active form). The curve : Vmax Response (%) Dose (mg) If we use log dose the curve will have a sigmoidal shape: V max Response (%) Log dose (mg)
4 As the dose increases the response will increase until a point is reached where the response won't increase with the increase of dose. That point resembles the maximum response/intrinsic activity, (Vmax). At that point, saturation of the drug will be reached, which means that there are no more free receptors available for the drug to increase the response. Vmax is the efficacy of the drug. Before the drug is synthesized, the concentration at which the response is "Vmax" at the site of action must be known. The less the concentration is, the better the drug will be. ED50 (from concentration versus time chart) is the dose that produces 50% of the response / effect. Here ED is used to evaluate the safety of the drug. Check slide no. 28. Also when reporting a negative response (not a good response/ side effects), as the dose increase, the response will increase until we reach the most sever response which is death (of course we don't reach this point in humans; we report it in animals and predict it in humans according to the results gotten from animals.) LD50 is the dose that produces 50% of the death response. Quantal dose-response curves: To be able to draw a quantal dose-response curve the response of the drug versus the dose must be studied on individuals and different populations due to individual variations. The curve: # Pt s Dose (mg)
5 From studying the curve: a. Some individuals will respond at low doses without any side effects. b. Most individuals will respond at a particular dose. c. Some will not respond at all. d. Some will not respond and suffer side effects or death at normal/therapeutic doses. The point of this curve is to know the particular dose at which most individuals respond without side effects or at least with very small side effects. This particular dose is the normal therapeutic dose. In summary: side effects and responses differ between individuals. For example; there are some individuals that respond to a drug at a low dose with no bad side effects while others don't respond at any dose. Also, some individuals show side effects at therapeutic doses. In slide no. 31: ED is drawn on the effect curve while LD is drawn on the side effect curve. The more the two curves are away from each other the better the drug will be. We also notice that LD50 is not that much far away from Vmax while death is far away from Vmax. The dose that produces Vmax and the dose that produces side effects must be known for the sake of safety. For the drug to be safe and effective, the dose that causes death must be far from the dose that produces Vmax. Note: Effective doses are not given as a specific number but as a range.
6 Potency : It is a comparison between two drugs within the same group (such as steroids.) It compares the strength or activity of two drugs that produce the same effect and has the same efficacy. The doses of the two drugs (A and B for example) are compared, and if a dose of A less than a dose of B gives the same effect as B then A is a better drug. In summary: the drug that can give us the same response or activity but with a less dose is the better one. The stronger drug is said to be more potent. The more potent drug reaches V max at a lower dose with fewer side effects. In Summary: The more potent drug is given in a lower dose to the patient. Potency is not important when manufacturing the drug but it is important when treating the patient. Affinity of the drug : It is a Measurement of the strength of the binding or attraction between the receptors and the drug. In other words, it is the ability of the drug to form a stable complex with the receptors. The drugs which have a high/good affinity enter the circulation, reach, and bind quickly to the receptors. Comparison between the affinities of two drugs is done between drugs in the same group (same response or efficacy).
7 According to the affinity agonists are classified into: 1. Weak agonists. 2. Strong agonists. 3. Full agonists. Evaluation of drug safety: Is determined by : 1. Therapeutic index: the larger it is, the safer the drug. 2. Margin of safety. 3. Protective index (PI): The higher it is, the safer the drug. Notes: a. Sometimes drugs with low therapeutic index or that cause side effects way much before reaching v max or has high death rates are used due to lack of other alternatives or treatments b. Anticancerous drugs are an example on drugs used with many side effects and low therapeutic index. In some of these drugs side effects, such as vomiting and nausea, are considered as a sign on efficacy of the drug. c. Digoxin is another example on drugs with low TI. It has a TI of 2 and is used to treat patients with heart failures. Therapeutic index (TI): It is defined as = LD50 / ED50 For example; If TI= 1 then that means that the dose that causes the death of 50% of patients is the same dose that prodices response in 50% of the patients. The therapeutic index is a measurement for the safety of the drug. But it is very accurate.
8 The larger the index is, the safer the drug will be. Margin of safety: ( the doctor explained it more in the following lecture) It correlates the lethal dose that produces death in 1% of the individuals which means that at this dose the drug is affective in 99% of the individuals. The Larger the value, the better and safer the drug. Margin of safety is better than therapeutic index in determining the safety of drugs. Protective index (PI): It is the ratio between the dose that produces side effects and the dose that produces desired/wanted effects. PI = ED50 producing side effects / ED50 producing desired effect PI of 1 means that the dose which produces the desired effect in 50% of pt s still produces side effects in 50% of them. The higher the dose that produces side effects is, the safer the drug. The larger the index is, the safer the drug. It is the best measurement for drug safety because most drugs produce side effects in doses lower than those that produce death ( as you could see ED is used in calculating PI)
9 In slide no. 37 : There is a comparison between two drugs, A and B. Drug B is safer because it has a higher therapeutic index. In slide no. 39: ( He asked us true or false questions) Drug A is more potent than drug C because A gives Vmax at a lower dose. Drug A has similar efficacy as drug B. Drug D has similar efficacy to drug A. We cannot compare potency of C with potency of D due to the differences in action and response demonstrated by the differences in their curves. The potency cannot be compared to drugs of different classes but efficacy can. Done Please refer to the slides and sorry for any mistakes. Written by: Nada "Zaid Al Kaylani"
10
Drug Receptor Interactions and Pharmacodynamics
Drug Receptor Interactions and Pharmacodynamics Dr. Raz Mohammed MSc Pharmacology School of Pharmacy 22.10.2017 Lec 6 Pharmacodynamics definition Pharmacodynamics describes the actions of a drug on the
More informationReceptors Families. Assistant Prof. Dr. Najlaa Saadi PhD Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmacy University of Philadelphia
Receptors Families Assistant Prof. Dr. Najlaa Saadi PhD Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmacy University of Philadelphia Receptor Families 1. Ligand-gated ion channels 2. G protein coupled receptors 3. Enzyme-linked
More informationLecture 9: Cell Communication I
02.05.10 Lecture 9: Cell Communication I Multicellular organisms need to coordinate cellular functions in different tissues Cell-to-cell communication is also used by single celled organisms to signal
More informationPhysiology Unit 1 CELL SIGNALING: CHEMICAL MESSENGERS AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS
Physiology Unit 1 CELL SIGNALING: CHEMICAL MESSENGERS AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS In Physiology Today Cell Communication Homeostatic mechanisms maintain a normal balance of the body s internal environment
More informationLife History of A Drug
DRUG ACTION & PHARMACODYNAMIC M. Imad Damaj, Ph.D. Associate Professor Pharmacology and Toxicology Smith 652B, 828-1676, mdamaj@hsc.vcu.edu Life History of A Drug Non-Specific Mechanims Drug-Receptor Interaction
More informationPHRM20001 NOTES PART 1 Lecture 1 History of Pharmacology- Key Principles
PHRM20001 NOTES PART 1 Lecture 1 History of Pharmacology- Key Principles Hippocrates (5 th century BCE):... benefit my patients according to my greatest ability and judgment, and I will do no harm or injustice
More informationChapter 11. Cell Communication. Signal Transduction Pathways
Chapter 11 Cell Communication Signal Transduction Pathways Signal-Transduction Pathway Signal on a cell s surface is converted into a specific cellular response Local signaling (short distance) - Paracrine
More informationAssem Al Refaei. Sameer Emeish. Sameer Emeish. Alia Shatnawi
5 Assem Al Refaei Sameer Emeish Sameer Emeish Alia Shatnawi Sheet Checklist: - Lock And Key Model Explanation. - Specificity, Selectivity And Sensitivity Explanation. - Spare And Orphan Receptors. - Features
More informationLipids and Membranes
Lipids and Membranes Presented by Dr. Mohammad Saadeh The requirements for the Pharmaceutical Biochemistry I Philadelphia University Faculty of pharmacy Membrane transport D. Endocytosis and Exocytosis
More informationCell Communication. Cell Communication. Cell Communication. Cell Communication. Cell Communication. Chapter 9. Communication between cells requires:
Chapter 9 Communication between cells requires: ligand: the signaling molecule receptor protein: the molecule to which the receptor binds -may be on the plasma membrane or within the cell 2 There are four
More informationCell Communication. Cell Communication. Communication between cells requires: ligand: the signaling molecule
Cell Communication Cell Communication Communication between cells requires: ligand: the signaling molecule receptor protein: the molecule to which the ligand binds (may be on the plasma membrane or within
More informationLecture Outline. Hormones & Chemical Signaling. Communication Basics: Overview. Communication Basics: Methods. Four methods of cell communication
Lecture Outline Hormones & Chemical Signaling Communication Basics Communication Overview Communication Methods Signal pathways Regulation (modulation) of signal pathways Homeostasis... again Endocrine
More informationSarah Jaar Marah Al-Darawsheh
22 Sarah Jaar Marah Al-Darawsheh Faisal Mohammad Receptors can be membrane proteins (for water-soluble hormones/ligands) or intracellular (found in the cytosol or nucleus and bind to DNA, for lipid-soluble
More informationCellular Messengers. Intracellular Communication
Cellular Messengers Intracellular Communication Most common cellular communication is done through extracellular chemical messengers: Ligands Specific in function 1. Paracrines Local messengers (neighboring
More informationReceptors and Drug Action. Dr. Subasini Pharmacology Department Ishik University, Erbil
Receptors and Drug Action Dr. Subasini Pharmacology Department Ishik University, Erbil Receptors and Drug Action Receptor Receptor is defined as a macromolecule or binding site located on the surface or
More informationBCOR 011 Lecture 19 Oct 12, 2005 I. Cell Communication Signal Transduction Chapter 11
BCOR 011 Lecture 19 Oct 12, 2005 I. Cell Communication Signal Transduction Chapter 11 External signal is received and converted to another form to elicit a response 1 Lecture Outline 1. Types of intercellular
More informationNeurotransmitter Systems II Receptors. Reading: BCP Chapter 6
Neurotransmitter Systems II Receptors Reading: BCP Chapter 6 Neurotransmitter Systems Normal function of the human brain requires an orderly set of chemical reactions. Some of the most important chemical
More informationCell Communication CHAPTER 11
Cell Communication CHAPTER 11 What you should know: The 3 stages of cell communication: reception, transduction, and response. How a receptor protein recognizes signal molecules and starts transduction.
More informationAsma Karameh Omar Sami
5 Asma Karameh Omar Sami Mohammad khatatbeh Happy day friends! This lecture will be discussing what we have said in the previous lectures relating to different mechanisms of transport across a biological
More informationINTERACTION DRUG BODY
INTERACTION DRUG BODY What the drug does to the body What the body does to the drug Receptors - intracellular receptors - membrane receptors - Channel receptors - G protein-coupled receptors - Tyrosine-kinase
More informationCell Communication. Local and Long Distance Signaling
Cell Communication Cell to cell communication is essential for multicellular organisms Some universal mechanisms of cellular regulation providing more evidence for the evolutionary relatedness of all life
More informationCell Communication. Chapter 11. PowerPoint Lectures for Biology, Seventh Edition. Lectures by Chris Romero. Neil Campbell and Jane Reece
Chapter 11 Cell Communication PowerPoint Lectures for Biology, Seventh Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero Overview: The Cellular Internet Cell-to-cell communication Is absolutely
More informationChapter 11. Cell Communication
Chapter 11 Cell Communication Overview: The Cellular Internet Cell-to-cell communication Is absolutely essential for multicellular organisms Concept 11.1: External signals are converted into responses
More informationBio 111 Study Guide Chapter 11 Cell Communication
Bio 111 Study Guide Chapter 11 Cell Communication BEFORE CLASS: Reading: Read the introduction on p. 210, and for Concept 11.1, read from the first full paragraph on p. 212. Read all of Concept 11.2. Pay
More informationThanks to: Signal Transduction. BCB 570 "Signal Transduction" 4/8/08. Drena Dobbs, ISU 1. An Aging Biologist s. One Biologist s Perspective
BCB 570 "" Thanks to: One Biologist s Perspective Drena Dobbs BCB & GDCB Iowa State University Howard Booth Biology Eastern Michigan University for Slides modified from his lecture Cell-Cell Communication
More informationHormones and Signal Transduction. Dr. Kevin Ahern
Dr. Kevin Ahern Signaling Outline Signaling Outline Background Signaling Outline Background Membranes Signaling Outline Background Membranes Hormones & Receptors Signaling Outline Background Membranes
More informationPHARMACODYNAMICS II QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS OF DRUGS. Ali Alhoshani, B.Pharm, Ph.D. Office: 2B 84
PHARMACODYNAMICS II QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS OF DRUGS Ali Alhoshani, B.Pharm, Ph.D. ahoshani@ksu.edu.sa Office: 2B 84 Quantitative aspects of drugs By the end of this lecture, you should: Determine quantitative
More informationWarm-Up. Warm-Up. Warm-Up. Cell Communication. Cell Signaling 03/06/2018. Do bacteria communicate?
Warm-Up 1. Why do you communicate? 2. How do you communicate? 3. How do you think cells communicate? 4. Do you think bacteria can communicate? Explain. Warm-Up 1. Why are scientists studying how bacteria
More informationPropagation of the Signal
OpenStax-CNX module: m44452 1 Propagation of the Signal OpenStax College This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 By the end of this section,
More informationIntroduction! Introduction! Introduction! Chem Lecture 10 Signal Transduction & Sensory Systems Part 2
Chem 452 - Lecture 10 Signal Transduction & Sensory Systems Part 2 Questions of the Day: How does the hormone insulin trigger the uptake of glucose in the cells that it targets. Introduction! Signal transduction
More informationChapter 11 Guided Reading: Cell Communication
Name Chapter 11 Guided Reading: Cell Communication The special challenge in Chapter 11 is not that the material is so difficult, but that most of the material will be completely new to you. Cell communication
More informationCell Communication. Chapter 11. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for
Chapter 11 Cell Communication PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp
More informationLearning Objectives. How do drugs work? Mechanisms of Drug Action. Liam Anderson Dept Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology
How do drugs work? Mechanisms of Drug Action Liam Anderson Dept Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology Learning Objectives Describe the potential drug targets within a human body. Describe the role of receptors,
More informationBIOLOGY. Cell Communication CAMPBELL. Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson. Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson 11 Cell Communication Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick Cellular Messaging Cells can signal to
More informationBy the name of Allah
By the name of Allah Receptors function and signal transduction ( Hormones and receptors Types) We were talking about receptors of the neurotransmitters; we have 2 types of receptors: 1- Ionotropic receptors
More informationMolecular Cell Biology - Problem Drill 19: Cell Signaling Pathways and Gene Expression
Molecular Cell Biology - Problem Drill 19: Cell Signaling Pathways and Gene Expression Question No. 1 of 10 1. Which statement about cell signaling is correct? Question #1 (A) Cell signaling involves receiving
More informationChapter 20. Cell - Cell Signaling: Hormones and Receptors. Three general types of extracellular signaling. endocrine signaling. paracrine signaling
Chapter 20 Cell - Cell Signaling: Hormones and Receptors Three general types of extracellular signaling endocrine signaling paracrine signaling autocrine signaling Endocrine Signaling - signaling molecules
More informationPlasma membranes. Plasmodesmata between plant cells. Gap junctions between animal cells Cell junctions. Cell-cell recognition
Cell Communication Cell Signaling Cell-to-cell communication is essential for multicellular organisms Communicate by chemical messengers Animal and plant cells have cell junctions that directly connect
More informationChapter 15: Signal transduction
Chapter 15: Signal transduction Know the terminology: Enzyme-linked receptor, G-protein linked receptor, nuclear hormone receptor, G-protein, adaptor protein, scaffolding protein, SH2 domain, MAPK, Ras,
More informationMembrane associated receptor transfers the information. Second messengers relay information
Membrane associated receptor transfers the information Most signals are polar and large Few of the signals are nonpolar Receptors are intrinsic membrane proteins Extracellular and intracellular domains
More informationCell Communication. Chapter 11. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for
Chapter 11 Cell Communication PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp
More informationConcentration of drug [A]
Pharmacology Semester 1 page 1 of 5 PHARMACODYNAMICS 1 Receptor occupancy - mass action The interaction of a drug with a receptor is reversible due to interactions via weak bonds (not covalent). [A] +
More informationReview of Neurochemistry What are neurotransmitters?
Review of Neurochemistry What are neurotransmitters? In molecular terms, neurotransmitters are molecules that ( ) and of neurons by, for example, increasing or decreasing enzymatic activity or altering
More informationSignal Transduction: G-Protein Coupled Receptors
Signal Transduction: G-Protein Coupled Receptors Federle, M. (2017). Lectures 4-5: Signal Transduction parts 1&2: nuclear receptors and GPCRs. Lecture presented at PHAR 423 Lecture in UIC College of Pharmacy,
More informationChem Lecture 10 Signal Transduction
Chem 452 - Lecture 10 Signal Transduction 111130 Here we look at the movement of a signal from the outside of a cell to its inside, where it elicits changes within the cell. These changes are usually mediated
More informationnumber Done by Corrected by Doctor Alia Shatnawi
number 11 Done by Lojayn Salah Corrected by Doctor Alia Shatnawi The last thing we talked about in the previous lecture was the effect of a drug at a particular dose, and we took this equation: E= Emax
More informationANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH. 6 - CELL COMMUNICATION.
!! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: CELL-TO-CELL CONNECTIONS AND SIGNALING Gap and Tight Junctions: Adjacent cells communicate and hold on to each other via junctions. Two important kinds: Gap Junctions are
More informationChapter 11: Cell Communication
Name Period Chapter 11: Cell Communication The special challenge in Chapter 11 is not that the material is so difficult, but that most of the material will be completely new to you. Cell communication
More informationGeneral Principles of Pharmacology and Toxicology
General Principles of Pharmacology and Toxicology Parisa Gazerani, Pharm D, PhD Assistant Professor Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction (SMI) Department of Health Science and Technology Aalborg University
More informationLab Results: 1. Document the initial and final egg masses. 2. Calculate the percent change
Lab Results: 1. Document the initial and final egg masses. 2. Calculate the percent change 3. Draw an arrow showing which way water traveled (in or out of the egg) on your post lab. CHI- SQUARE: What if
More informationtarget effector enzyme is Phospholipase C A. target protein adenylate cyclase camp-> PKA B. target protein phospholipase C two 2nd Messengers:
COR 011 Cell Communication II Lect 19 Lecture Outline Signal molecule Activated Ras-GT A G-rotein And they tell friends And they tell friends And they tell friends 1. Finish Trimeric G-rotein: hospholipase
More informationCh. 6: Communication, Integration & Homeostasis
Developed by John Gallagher, MS, DVM Ch. 6: Communication, Integration & Homeostasis Goals Describe cell to cell communication Electrical or Chemical only Explain signal transduction Review homeostasis
More informationLojayn Salah. Razan Aburumman. Faisal Muhammad
20 Lojayn Salah Razan Aburumman Faisal Muhammad Note: I tried to include everything that's important from the doctor's slides but you can refer back to them after studying this sheet.. After you read this
More informationZaid sarhan. Osama Al-Ghafri ... Dr.nayef karadsheh
16 Zaid sarhan Osama Al-Ghafri... Dr.nayef karadsheh ALL THE FIGUERS IN THIS SHEET ARE VERY IMPORTANT AND USEFUL, PLEASE DON T SKIP THEM. Glycogen phosphorylase kinase = GPK // glycogen phosphorylase=gp
More informationnumber Done by Corrected by Doctor
number 9 Done by Nazek Hyasat Corrected by Bahaa Najjar & mohammed AL-shrouf Doctor Alia Shatnawi HOW DO DRUGS WORK??? You know that receptors are targeted by drugs, the question now is how do these drugs
More informationPharmacodynamics. Dr. Alia Shatanawi
Pharmacodynamics Dr. Alia Shatanawi Drug Receptor Interactions Sep-17 Dose response relationships Graduate dose-response relations As the dose administrated to single subject or isolated tissue is increased,
More informationG-Proteins Receptors and 2nd Messenger Mechanism
G-Proteins Receptors and 2nd Messenger Mechanism (A lot of information in this sheet is repeated over and over. In my opinion, this is the easiest lecture, enjoy ) Recap: Receptors are specific protein
More informationReceptor mediated Signal Transduction
Receptor mediated Signal Transduction G-protein-linked receptors adenylyl cyclase camp PKA Organization of receptor protein-tyrosine kinases From G.M. Cooper, The Cell. A molecular approach, 2004, third
More informationTransport through biological membranes. Christine Carrington Biochemistry Unit Apr 2010
Transport through biological membranes Christine Carrington Biochemistry Unit Apr 2010 Biological membranes Membranes control the structures and environments of the compartments they define and thereby
More informationCell Communication. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for
Chapter 11 Cell Communication PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp
More informationPHSI3009 Frontiers in Cellular Physiology 2017
Overview of PHSI3009 L2 Cell membrane and Principles of cell communication L3 Signalling via G protein-coupled receptor L4 Calcium Signalling L5 Signalling via Growth Factors L6 Signalling via small G-protein
More informationCell Signaling (part 1)
15 Cell Signaling (part 1) Introduction Bacteria and unicellular eukaryotes respond to environmental signals and to signaling molecules secreted by other cells for mating and other communication. In multicellular
More informationChapter 9. Cellular Signaling
Chapter 9 Cellular Signaling Cellular Messaging Page 215 Cells can signal to each other and interpret the signals they receive from other cells and the environment Signals are most often chemicals The
More informationPharmacologic Principles. Dr. Alia Shatanawi
Pharmacologic Principles Dr. Alia Shatanawi Definitions Drug: It is any chemical that affect living processes. It modifies an already existing function, and does not create a new function. 2 What is Pharmacology?
More informationCell Communication. Chapter 11. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for
Chapter 11 Cell Communication PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp
More informationLecture 36: Review of membrane function
Chem*3560 Lecture 36: Review of membrane function Membrane: Lipid bilayer with embedded or associated proteins. Bilayers: 40-70% neutral phospholipid 10-20% negative phospholipid 10-30% cholesterol 10-30%
More informationBasics of Pharmacology
Basics of Pharmacology Pekka Rauhala Transmed 2013 What is pharmacology? Pharmacology may be defined as the study of the effects of drugs on the function of living systems Pharmacodynamics The mechanism(s)
More informationDania Ahmad. Tamer Barakat + Dania Ahmad. Faisal I. Mohammed
16 Dania Ahmad Tamer Barakat + Dania Ahmad Faisal I. Mohammed Revision: What are the basic types of neurons? sensory (afferent), motor (efferent) and interneuron (equaled association neurons). We classified
More informationChapter 5 Control of Cells by Chemical Messengers
Chapter 5 Control of Cells by Chemical Messengers = How hormones and other signals work Intercellular Communication = Intercellular Signal Transmission Chemical communication Electrical communication Intercellular
More informationLecture: CHAPTER 13 Signal Transduction Pathways
Lecture: 10 17 2016 CHAPTER 13 Signal Transduction Pathways Chapter 13 Outline Signal transduction cascades have many components in common: 1. Release of a primary message as a response to a physiological
More informationCell Signaling part 2
15 Cell Signaling part 2 Functions of Cell Surface Receptors Other cell surface receptors are directly linked to intracellular enzymes. The largest family of these is the receptor protein tyrosine kinases,
More informationMechanisms of Hormone Action
Mechanisms of Hormone Action General principles: 1. Signals act over different ranges. 2. Signals have different chemical natures. 3. The same signal can induce a different response in different cells.
More informationPHRM20001: Pharmacology - How Drugs Work!
PHRM20001: Pharmacology - How Drugs Work Drug: a chemical that affects physiological function in a specific way. Endogenous substances: hormones, neurotransmitters, antibodies, genes. Exogenous substances:
More informationCell Communication. Chapter 11. Biology. Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for
Chapter 11 Cell Communication PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp
More informationCell Communication. Chapter 11. Key Concepts in Chapter 11. Cellular Messaging. Cell-to-cell communication is essential for multicellular organisms
Chapter 11 Cell Communication Dr. Wendy Sera Houston Community College Biology 1406 Key Concepts in Chapter 11 1. External signals are converted to responses within the cell. 2. Reception: A signaling
More informationSignal-Transduction Cascades - 2. The Phosphoinositide Cascade
Signal-Transduction Cascades - 2 The Phosphoinositide Cascade Calcium ion as a second messenger Tyrosine kinase and receptor dimerization scribd.com Faisal Khatib JU The Phosphoinositide Cascade Used by
More informationEvaluation only. Created with Aspose.PowerPoint. Copyright 2004 Aspose Pty Ltd.
Da: Cell Signalling Biology - Michael J. Berridge - www.cellsignallingbiology.org - 2009 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.PowerPoint. Copyright 2004 Aspose Pty Ltd. Nella comunicazione chimica il recettore
More informationSignal Transduction: Information Metabolism. Chem 454: Regulatory Mechanisms in Biochemistry University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire
Signal Transduction: Information Metabolism Chem 454: Regulatory Mechanisms in Biochemistry University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Introduction Information Metabolism How cells receive, process and respond
More informationGoals and Challenges of Communication. Communication and Signal Transduction. How Do Cells Communicate?
Goals and Challenges of Communication Reaching (only) the correct recipient(s) Imparting correct information Timeliness Causing the desired effect Effective termination Communication and Signal Transduction
More informationCell Communication. Chapter 11. Biology. Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for
Chapter 11 Cell Communication PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp
More informationMembrane Structure and Function
BIOL1040 Page 1 Membrane Structure and Function Friday, 6 March 2015 2:58 PM Cellular Membranes Fluid mosaics of lipids and proteins Phospholipids - abundant Phospholipids are amphipathic molecules (has
More informationChapter 11 Cell Communication Guided Reading. 3. How do intercellular connections function in cell to cell communication?
AP Biology TEXT: Biology, Campbell and Reece 7 th Edition Name Chapter 11 Cell Communication Guided Reading This chapter is often considered difficult as you have not covered it in an introductory biology
More informationLeen Osama, Lujain Hamdan, Osama Mohd, Razi Kittaneh... Faisal Mohammad
23 Leen Osama, Lujain Hamdan, Osama Mohd, Razi Kittaneh... Faisal Mohammad Revision of previous lectures G-proteins coupled receptors mechanism: When a hormone binds to G-protein coupled receptor, GTP
More informationnumbe r Done by Corrected Docto Alia Shatnawi
numbe r 9 Done by Nazek Hyasat Corrected Bahaa Najjar & mohammed AL-shrouf Docto Alia Shatnawi HOW DO DRUGS WORK??? You know that receptor targets by the drugs, the question now how these drugs work on
More informationUNIT 3: Signal transduction. Prof K Syed Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology University of Zululand Room no. 247
UNIT 3: Signal transduction Prof K Syed Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology University of Zululand Room no. 247 SyedK@unizulu.ac.za Topics Signal transduction Terminology G-protein signaling pathway
More informationCell responses to environment-- Signals
Cell responses to environment-- Signals Signal transduction can coordinate: Development Formation of tissues Timing of cell division Direction of cell enlargement Size and shape of organs Responses to
More informationReceptors Functions and Signal Transduction- L4- L5
Receptors Functions and Signal Transduction- L4- L5 Faisal I. Mohammed, MD, PhD University of Jordan 1 PKC Phosphorylates many substrates, can activate kinase pathway, gene regulation PLC- signaling pathway
More informationINTERACTION DRUG BODY
INTERACTION DRUG BODY What the drug does to the body What the body does to the drug Receptors - intracellular receptors - membrane receptors - Channel receptors - G protein-coupled receptors - Tyrosine-kinase
More informationTuesday, Sept. 14, Is an enzyme a rigid system?
Tuesday, Sept. 14, Is an enzyme a rigid system? Early researchers thought of enzymes as rigid entities, recognizing their substrates the way a lock would recognize a key. Today's researchers, however,
More informationReceptors Functions and Signal Transduction L1- L2
Receptors Functions and Signal Transduction L1- L2 Faisal I. Mohammed, MD, PhD University of Jordan 1 Introduction to Physiology (0501110) Summer 2012 Subject Lecture No. Lecturer Pages in the 11 th edition.
More informationLECTURE PRESENTATIONS
LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson Chapter 11 Cell Communication Lectures
More informationPharmacology. Biomedical Sciences. Dynamics Kinetics Genetics. School of. Dr Lindsey Ferrie
Pharmacology Dynamics Kinetics Genetics Dr Lindsey Ferrie lindsey.ferrie@ncl.ac.uk MRCPsych Neuroscience and Psychopharmacology School of Biomedical Sciences Dynamics What the drug does to the body What
More informationnumber Done by Corrected by Doctor Alia Shatnawi
number 10 Done by Mohammad Shatnawi Corrected by Doctor Alia Shatnawi Agonist: a drug or a molecule that binds to a receptor and causes the activation of the receptor, exp: adrenaline is an agonist for
More information2013 W. H. Freeman and Company. 12 Signal Transduction
2013 W. H. Freeman and Company 12 Signal Transduction CHAPTER 12 Signal Transduction Key topics: General features of signal transduction Structure and function of G protein coupled receptors Structure
More informationSignal Transduction Cascades
Signal Transduction Cascades Contents of this page: Kinases & phosphatases Protein Kinase A (camp-dependent protein kinase) G-protein signal cascade Structure of G-proteins Small GTP-binding proteins,
More informationFundamentals of Pharmacology
Fundamentals of Pharmacology Topic Page Receptors 2 Ion channels / GABA 4 GPCR s 6 TK receptors 8 Basics of PK 11 ADR s / Clinical study design 13 Introduction to the ANS 16 Cholinergic Pharmacology 20
More informationSignal Transduction Pathways
Signal Transduction Pathways If it helps, think of signal transduction pathways like what happens when you get a text message: Reception = Your phone vibrates or dings. Transduction = You unlock the phone
More informationBIOLOGY. Cell Communication CAMPBELL. Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson. Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY TENTH EDITION Reece Urry Cain Wasserman Minorsky Jackson 11 Cell Communication Lecture Presentation by Nicole Tunbridge and Kathleen Fitzpatrick Cellular Messaging Cells can signal to
More informationINTERACTION DRUG BODY
INTERACTION DRUG BODY What the drug does to the body What the body does to the drug Receptors - intracellular receptors - membrane receptors - Channel receptors - G protein-coupled receptors - Tyrosine-kinase
More informationReceptors. Dr. Sanaa Bardaweel
Receptors Types and Theories Dr. Sanaa Bardaweel Some terms in receptor-drug interactions Agonists: drugs that mimic the natural messengers and activate receptors. Antagonist: drugs that block receptors.
More information