Alcohol Coconino County Alcohol Use Trends and Data Analysis

Transcription

1

2 Alcohol 27 Coconino County Alcohol Use Trends and Data Analysis

3 Summary Coconino County Alliance Against Drugs (CCAAD) with alliance partners, Citizens Against Substance Abuse, United Way, Parenting Arizona, Coconino County Juvenile Court and Arizona Strategic Prevention Framework SPF SIG funding, conducted several community needs assessments in order to ascertain the prevalence of alcohol use and abuse among underage youth in Coconino County. Information presented in this community assessment includes data from the following sources: Surveys Arizona Youth Survey (AYS) for Coconino County conducted by the Arizona Justice Commission National Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) national and state data conducted by the Center for Disease Control (CDC) Citizens Against Substance Abuse Challenge Survey Flagstaff data conducted by CASA Coconino County telephone surveys of parents and adults conducted by Northern Arizona University s Social Research Laboratory (SRL) Data Sets Flagstaff Police Department (FPD) Illegal Consumption Data Coconino County Juvenile Court Data Flagstaff Medical Center Emergency Room and Behavioral Health Services Data Focus Groups Coconino County Focus Groups Flagstaff Focus Groups Readiness Assessment Community Readiness Survey As a result of this community assessment, we will be better able to identify trends and areas of concern, and then use public input to develop a data-driven strategic plan which focuses resources and energy where they will have the most impact. Thank you for your participation in this very vital process. 2

4 What do we know about Coconino County youth? Underage Drinking is one of the major problems in Coconino County. Research identified in this Community overview indicates the following patterns of alcohol consumption: 43% of 1th and 12th grade youth in the County report regular alcohol use. 27% of 8th grade youth report regular alcohol use. Coconino County youth had higher usage rates than the State in the 8th and 12th grades. Underage drinking, considered a rite of passage in many Coconino County communities and neighborhoods, is a serious and significant problem. Behaviors such as drunk/high at school, binge drinking, early age of onset, lifetime usage, and availability of alcohol are serious concerns. Coconino County youth are drinking a lot of alcohol. Binge Drinking in the 8th, 1th, and 12th grades was reported at the following rates: 8th grade 17.4%, 1th grade 24.7%, and 12th grade 25.%. Binge drinking is defined as five or more drinks in a row in one sitting. Coconino County 8th and 1th grade percentages are both higher than the State. Lifetime Usage (percentage of youth who have experienced the substance) in Coconino County is higher than the State in the 8th, 1th, and 12th grades. One of every two youth (1 in 2 51%) have tried alcohol in the 8th grade. Two of every three youth (2 in 3 68%) in the 1th grade have tried alcohol. In the 12th grade, 8% of youth have tried alcohol. In our County, the use of alcohol begins at an early age The risk of alcohol dependency increases with early onset use patterns. In 26, 63 Flagstaff junior and senior high school students completed a survey ; data report over 18 youth started using alcohol in the 3rd grade and 66 youth had their first drink before the age of 13. In middle school, 15 (25%) youth had their first drink. In high school, 217 (36%) youth began drinking. 3

5 ARIZONA YOUTH SURVEY Coconino County Arizona Criminal Justice Commission Arizona Youth Survey Data Analysis for years 22, 24 and 26 and Arizona 26 results are compared below for Coconino County youth. The 26 demographics of youth surveyed is as follows (State information is in blue): ALCOHOL DATA ANALYSIS 3 Day Usage 8th 1th 12th AZ AZ AZ Alcohol X X 6 8th 1th 12th Binge Drink- Binge Drinking Drunk/ High School AZ AZ AZ X X X X X Key: Red X indicates Coconino County 26 percentages higher than State 26 percentages. 3-DAY USAGE (Percentage of students who used substance at least once in the 3 days prior to taking the survey.)? In 26 Coconino County youth had higher 3-day usage than State in both 8th and 12th grades.? Between 24 and 26, Coconino County youth increased 3-day usage; 2.2% in 8th grade,.8% in 12th grade.? Between 22 and 26 Coconino County youth had higher 3-day usage than State; 2.7% in 8th grade, 2.4% in 1th grade, and 2.7% in 12th grade.? Tenth grade usage significantly decreased (five percentage points or greater) between 24 and 26 (5.3%). LIFETIME USAGE (Percentage of students who tried the substance at least once in their lifetime/shows percentages of students who have had experience with the substance.)? In 26 Coconino County youth had higher lifetime usage than State in 8th, 1th, and 12th grades.? Between 24 and 26, Coconino County youth increased lifetime usage; 4.4% in 8th grade, 2.% in 1th grade, and 3.6% in 12th grade. 4

6 Chart Comparisons of Arizona Youth Survey Coconino County Data: Day Usage 53.8% 43.8% 47.3% 48.1% 47.% 29.2% 43.2% 37.9% 39.2% 24.5% 26.7% 24.1% Arizona 8th 1th 12th 12th graders had the highest 3-day usage pattern in the six-year period % 71.2% 5.6% 76.3% 69.4% 46.5% Lifetime Usage 79.9% 71.4% 5.9% 74.5% 67.6% 5.4% 8th 1th 2 12th Arizona Lifetime usage patterns were all above 5%, except 8th graders in 24 (3.7% less). 1 Binge Drinking % 32.9% 25.% 28.2% 24.8% 22.4% 15.3% 26.4% 24.7% 13.4% 19.8% 17.4% Arizona 8th 1th 12th 12th graders had higher binge drinking patterns than 8th and 1th graders Drunk/High in School 3.3% 27.2% 29.7% 26.5% 21.4% 21.1% 2.6% 26.3% 29.3% 13.% 21.4% 18.6% Arizona 8th 1th 12th In 26, 89 Coconino County 12th graders were drunk/high in school. In 26, 99 Coconino County 1th graders were drunk/high in school. 5

7 8th, 1th, and 12th Grade Antisocial Behavior (ASB) Patterns % Antisocial Behaviors - 8th Grade % 2.6% 9.8% 6.3% 16.2% 21.4% 7.6% 23.1% 18.6% 11.7% 6.3% 19.8% 13.% 8.3% 4.9% Suspended Arrested Drunk/High School Sold illegal drugs State Between 24 and 26, 8th grade youth decreased all four antisocial behaviors; however, percentages Antisocial Behaviors - 1th Grade 29.3% 26.5% 26.3% 21.1% 13.2% 15.5% 14.1% 11.7% 12.3% 8.3% 1.5% 11.% 8.9% 9.3% 9.1% 6.2% State Suspended Arrested Drunk/High School Sold illegal drugs In 26, 1th grade drunk/high at school escalated and increased by 3.% and were higher than the State by 8.2%. Antisocial Behaviors - 12th Grade % 14.7% 12.9% 9.1% 29.7% 27.2% 14.2% 8.2% 1.8% 1.2% 11.1% 7.3% 21.4% 9.4% 9.8% 7.8% Suspended Arrested Drunk/High School Sold illegal drugs State In 12th grade, dunk/high while in school increased by 25% between 24 and 26 and was 8.3% higher than State. 6

8 RISK Community Family School Peer/Individual Grade 8 Transitions & Parent Attitudes Favor Academic Failure Rebelliousness Mobility Perceived Availability of Drugs Drug Use Parent Attitudes Low Commitment to School Attitudes Favorable to Drug Use Low Neighborhood Attachment Community Family History of ASB Family Conflict Rewards for Antisocial Behavior Friend s Use of Drugs Disorganization Grade 1 Transitions & Parent Attitudes Favor Drug Use Academic Failure Rebelliousness Perceived Availability of Drugs Family Conflict Low Commitment Early Initiation of Low Neighborhood Attachment Community Disorganization Family History of Poor Family Management Early Initiation of Drug Use Rewards for Antisocial Behavior Grade 12 Transitions & Parent Attitudes Academic Failure Rebelliousness Community Domain Perceived Availability of was Drugs a greater risk factor in the 8th grade based on trend Parent Attitudes Low Commitment Early Initiation of Transitions & Mobility data. Perceived Availability Low of Neighborhood Drugs was a risk factor Family in 8th History and 12th of grades. Anti- Early Initiation of Drug Attachment Use Low Neighborhood Attachment and Community Disorganization were risk factors in 1th and 12th grades. Community Family Conflict Rewards for Antisocial Behavior Family Domain Disorganization Parent Attitudes Favorable to Antisocial Behaviors (ASB) is a risk factor in 8th, 1th, and 12th grades. Family Conflict is a more prevalent risk factor in 12th grade. 7

9 8th Grade RISK PROFILES in Four Domains Community Domain 59.3% 47.9% 5.7% 53.7% 44.3% 48.2% 42.7% 42.4% 39.1% 38.3% 42.5% 41.% 44.1% 4.7% 38.1% 38.1% State Transitions & Mobility Perceived Availability of Drugs Low Neighborhood Attachment Community Disorganization 8th grade increased Transitions & Mobility by 23.2% over six-years, but remained lower than State. Perceived Availability of Drugs increased by 9.7% over six-years. Low Neighborhood Attachment decreased by 1.8% Family Domain 66.3% 53.5% 52.2% 48.7% 51.1% 46.9% 48.5% 43.5% 42.9% 44.6% 42.7% 38.8% 33.2% 25.4% 29.1% 21.4% State Parent Attitudes Favor Drug Use Parent Attitudes Favorable to ASB Family History of ASB Family Conflict Parent Attitudes Favor Drug Use steadily increased over six-years. Parent Attitudes Favorable to Antisocial Behavior significantly increased in 26 and was 1% higher than in 22 and 1.6% higher than 24. These are higher than the State School Domain 71.8% 56.2% 4.9% 52.6% 48.6% 35.5% 39.% 41.1% State Academic Failure Low Commitment to School Academic Failure spiked in 24 and decreased in 26, however, it remained above 5% and higher than the State % Peer/Individual Domain 45.9% 48.% 59.4% 51.6% 48.8% 43.8% 35.% 38.% 41.3% 41.3% 35.3% 31.5% 35.3% 35.2% 32.4% State Rebelliousness Attitudes Favorable to Drug Use Early Initiation of Drug Use Friend's Use of Drugs Rebelliousness, although lower than State percentages, stayed between 35-38%. Attitudes Favorable to Drug Use decreased in 24 and increased to 22 percentages in 26 and is higher than the State. Early Initiation of Drug Use and Friend s Use of Drugs both spiked in 24 and decreased in 26, although both 26 percentages are higher than the State (Friend s Use is significant). 8

10 1th Grade RISK PROFILES in Four Domains % Community Domain 64.3% 6.4% 54.4% 57.6% 48.5% 51.4% 48.7% 51.6% 49.1% 51.1% 48.8% 46.9% 41.5% 48.3% 52.2% State Transitions & Mobility Perceived Availability of Drugs Low Neighborhood Attachment Community Disorganization 1th grade increased Transitions & Mobility risks over six-years, but remained lower than State. Perceived Availability of Drug increased and was higher than the State. Low Neighborhood Attachment risks increased steadily. Community Disorganization had a Family Domain 54.9% 46.4% 47.% 51.7% 46.2% 5.% 43.5% 42.% 39.2% 39.7% 41.1% 43.2% 42.2% 32.3% 35.7% 35.4% State Parent Attitudes Favor Drug Use Parent Attitudes Favorable to ASB Family History of ASB Family Conflict Parent Attitudes Favor Drug Use increased from 22. Parent Attitudes Favorable to Antisocial Behavior increased from 22. Family History of ASB increased significantly from 22 and are significantly higher than the State School Domain 51.5% 57.9% 45.4% 52.% 51.6% 39.2% 4.1% 4.1% State Academic Failure Low Commitment to School Academic Failure increased steadily between 22 and 26. In 26, however, it was significantly higher than 24 and remained above 5%; it is also higher than the State. Low Commitment to School decreased slightly and tied the State in Peer/Individual Domain 46.3% 46.4% 43.1% 47.6% 47.9% 49.5% 51.4% 47.5% 41.5% 43.1% 44.5% 42.5% 36.5% 36.6% 43.2% 36.6% State Rebelliousness Attitudes Favorable to Drug Use Early Initiation of Drug Use Friend's Use of Drugs Rebelliousness increased significantly between 22 and 26. Attitudes Favorable to Drug Use decreased steadily but was higher than 26 State percentages. Early Initiation of Drug Use and Friend s Use of Drugs both increased steadily from 9

11 12th Grade RISK PROFILES in Four Domains Community Domain 55.8% 6.3% 54.% 59.9% 53.% 51.2% 52.8% 51.6% 54.9% 45.8% 49.5% 49.3% 51.3% 49.8% 52.3% 43.2% State Transitions & Mobility Perceived Availability of Drugs Low Neighborhood Attachment Community Disorganization 12th grade increased Transitions & Mobility risks by 5.8% between 22 and 26, although 26 percentages were lower than those in 24. Perceived Availability of Drugs increased over the six-years and were over 5%. Low Neighborhood Attachment escalated by Family Domain 48.3% 47.4% 44.1% 46.4% 45.9% 41.8% 43.3% 41.8% 4.% 4.1% 36.9% 38.6% 38.3% 32.6% 33.% 25.9% State Parent Attitudes Favor Drug Use Parent Attitudes Favorable to ASB Family History of ASB Family Conflict Parent Attitudes Favor Drug Use increased between 22 and 26. Parent Attitudes Favorable to Antisocial Behavior steadily increased between 22 and 26. Family History of ASB and Family Conflict both steadily increased between 22 and School Domain 51.6% 51.2% 46.5% 46.7% 44.1% 38.3% 43.% 38.% State Academic Failure Low Commitment to School Academic Failure, after a decline in 24, significantly increased in 26 and was higher than the State % Peer/Individual Domain 48.4% 48.9% 48.5% 49.7% 43.2% 41.9% 4.6% 43.4% 4.% 44.3% 39.8% 3.4% 34.6% 34.1% 35.9% State Rebelliousness Attittudes Favorable to Drug Use Early Initiation of Drug Use Friend's Use of Drugs Rebelliousness significantly decreased in 24 and then significantly increased in 26. Attitudes Favorable to Drug Use steadily decreased between 22 and 26, but was significantly higher than the State. Early Initiation of Drug 1

12 8th, 1th and 12th Grade RISK PROFILES 8th Grade - Community Domain 1th Grade - Community Domain 12th Grade - Community Domain State State State Key: Transitions & Mobility Perceived Availability Low Neighborhood Attachment Community Disorganization Transitions and Mobility: Lower than the State. Perceived Availability of Drugs: Higher than the State in 8th, 1th and 12th grades. 8th Grade - Family Domain 1th Grade - Family Domain 12th Grade - Family Domain State State State Key: Parent Attitudes Favor Drugs Parent Attitude Favors ASB Family History ASB Family Conflict Parent Attitudes Favor Drug Use: Higher than the State in 8th grade;.1% lower than State in 12th grade. Parent Attitudes Favorable to Antisocial Behavior: Significantly higher than State in 8th grade and higher than State in 12th grade th Grade - School Domain State th Grade - School Domain State th Grade - School Domain State Key: Academic Failure Low Commitment to School Academic Failure: Higher than the State in 8th grade and significantly higher than State in 1th and 12th grades th Grade - Peer/Individual Domain th Grade - Peer/Individual Domain th Grade - Peer/Individual Domain State State State Key: Rebelliousness Attitudes Favor Drugs Early Initiation of Drug Use Friends Use Drugs Rebelliousness: Lower than the State in 8th and 12th grades; higher than the State in 1th grade. Attitudes Favorable to Drug Use: Higher than the State in 8th grade; significantly higher than the State in 1th and 12th grades. 11

13 Trend Data 8th, 1th and 12th Grades Community Domain 64.3% 6.3% 44.1% 51.1% 59.9% 42.4% 49.1% 54.% 38.1% 8th 1th 12th Perceived Availability of Drugs Low Neighborhood Attachment Community Disorganization Perceived Availability of Drugs increased. Low Neighborhood Attachment increased. Community Disorganization increased and decrea sed Family Domain 54.9% 53.5% 47.4% 46.9% 46.2% 46.4% 33.2% 39.7% 4.% 8th 1th 12th Parent Attitudes Favor Drug Use Parent Attitudes Favorable to ASB Family History of ASB Parent Attitudes Favor Drug Use increased. Family History of Antisocial Behavior escalated in the 1th grade School Domain 56.2% 57.9% 51.2% 39.% 4.1% 38.3% 8th 1th 12th Academic Failure Low Commitment to School Academic Failure remained above 5% and increased between 8th and 1th grades. Low Commitment remained the same at 4% Peer/Individual Domain 48.8% 51.4% 49.5% 49.7% 41.3% 4.% 35.3% 42.5% 39.8% 8th 1th 12th Attitudes Favorable to Drug Use Early Initiation of Drug Use Friend's Use of Drugs Early Initiation of Drug Use increased steadily in all grades. Friend s Use of Drugs was high in all grades. 12

14 Trend Data: Tracking 8th graders in 22 who became 1th graders in 24 and 12th graders in 26 to Perceived Availability of Drugs Low Neighborhood Attachment Community Disorganization Community Domain: Perceived Availability of Drugs escalated steadily from 8th to 1th to 12th grade. Low Neighborhood Attachment significantly increased between 1th and 12th grade. Community Disorganization significantly increased every two years. Parent Attitudes Favor Drug Use Parent Attitudes Favorable to ASB Family History of ASB Family Domain: Parent Attitudes Favor Drug Use significantly increased in 1th grade and remained high (4%)in 12th grade. 6 Academic Failure Low Commitment to School School Domain: Academic Failure decreased by the 12th grade, but still remained above the 5% mark. Low commitment declined by the 12th grade but remained above 35%. Attitudes Favorable to Drug Use Early Initiation of Drug Use Friend's Use of Drugs Peer/Individual Domain: Attitudes Favorable to Drug Use declined in the 12th grade but percentages are high (4%). Early Initiation of Drug Use declined slightly in 1th grade and increased to a higher level in the 12th grade. Friend s Use of Drugs declin ed, but percentages are at a high 4% mark. 13

15 Other Factors to Consider - Arizona Youth Survey Data 26 Coconino County data compared to State data: Alcohol Data 1) Lifetime Usage 8th, 1th, and 12th grade higher than State. 2) 3-Day Usage 8th and 12th grade higher than State. Behavior Data 1) Binge Drinking 8th grade 22, 24, 26 higher than State 22, 24, 26. Binge Drinking 1th grade 24, 26 higher than State 24, 26. Binge Drinking 12th grade 24 higher than State 24. 2) Drunk/High at School 8th, 1th, and 12th grade higher than State in all three grades. 3) Suspensions 8th and 12th grade higher than State. 4) Sold Illegal Drugs 8th and 12th grade higher than State. 5) Been Arrested 8th and 1th grade higher than State. 6) Attacked to Harm 1th and 12th grade higher than State. 7) Carried a Hand Gun 8th and 12th grade higher than State. 8) Handgun to School 8th grade higher than State. Community Domain Risks 1) Laws & Norms Favor Drug Use 12th grade higher than State. 2) Perceived Availability of Drugs 8th, 1th, and 12th grade higher than State. 3) Low Neighborhood Attachment 1th and 12th grade higher than State. 4) Community Disorganization 1th and 12th grade higher than State. 14

16 Arizona Youth Survey (AYS) - State and County Data Compared to National Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) YRBS Average Lifetime Usage Arizona AYS Average Lifetime Usage Lifetime Alcohol Usage Coconino Cty AYS Average Lifetime Usage Coconino County Lifetime Usage is higher than National 25 and State 26. YRBS Average 3-Day Usage Arizona AYS Average 3-Day Usage Coconino Cty AYS Average 3-Day Usage Coconino County 3-Day Use is virtually the same as National 25 and State 26. Six-year average is higher than Na- YRBS Average Binge Drinking Arizona AYS Average Binge Drinking Coconino Cty AYS Average Binge Drinking Coconino County Binge Drinking is virtually the same as National 25 and State 26. YRBS Average Drank at School AYS Average 3- Drunk/High School Day Alco- Coconino Cty Average hol Use AYS Drunk/High School Coconino County Drinking/Drunk in School is five times higher than National 25 15

17 Arizona Youth Survey (AYS) - State and County Data Compared to National Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) YRBS Average Rode w/driver Rode with a Arizona YRBS Average Rode w/driver Coconino Cty AYS Average Rode w/driver Between 21 and 22, Coconino County had 27.3% MORE youth riding with a person driving while impaired than the national average. Between 23 and 24, Coconino County had 19.8% MORE youth riding with a person driving while impaired than the national average. Between 25 and 26 Coconino County had 27.5% MORE youth engaging in this risky behavior. Arizona Youth Survey (AYS) - County Data Compared to AYS Coconino Average 3-day Usage CASA Challenge Average 3-day Usage N/A CASA Challenge survey data is not available for 22. In 25, Flagstaff youth 3-day usage pattern was 14.7% higher than County youth. Additional CASA Challenge Data follows on the next page. 16

18 The Challenge Survey Flagstaff, Arizona Citizens Against Substance Abuse (CASA) Challenge Survey Data analysis for years 24, 25 and 26 are provided below for juniors and seniors in the Flagstaff Unified School District schools of Coconino High School, Flagstaff High School and Sinagua High School. Demographic Data: Challenge Questions Have you ever driven under influence of alcohol/drugs? Have you ever been a passenger with someone under the influence of Yes 34% 34% 32% No 6% 6% 67% Yes 5% 5% 56% No 46% 46% 42% Perception of Harm Alcohol Harmless 8% 8% 8% Harmful 53% 53% 52% Very Harmful 36% 36% 4% No Answer 3% 3% % 3-Day Usage Yes 53% 53% 48% No 41% 41% 52% Challenge Survey Availability of Alcohol No Answer 5% 5% % Availability of Alcohol Easy to Get 45.% 23.% 51.% Sort of Easy to Get 46.% 66.% 23.% Sort of Hard to Get 2.% 5.% 7.% Very Hard to Get 1.%.8% 5.% In 24, 91% of youth indicated alcohol was easy/sort of easy to get. In 25, 89% of youth indicated alcohol was easy/sort of easy to get. 17

19 CASA Flagstaff Challenge Onset of Alcohol Use 24 3rd grade 4th grade 5th grade 6th grade 7th grade 8th grade 9th grade 1th grade 11th grade.%.%.% 1.% 4.%.% 16.% 21.% 3.% 12th grade.% 25 1.% 2.% 1.% 7.% 1.% 11.1% 15.% 9.% 5.% 2.% 26 3.% 1.% 2.% 5.% 13.% 12.% 18.% 1.% 6.% 2.% Analysis In In In Onset was reported in the 6th grade. Although the 1% is a large percentage, the remainder of the elementary years were not reported as alcohol onset years. grades 3 to 6 documented a 1% alcohol onset usage. the middle school years (7th and 8th grade) were at a 4% onset usage rate. the high school years (9th, 1th and 11th) had the largest percentage rates of onset. Onset was reported in the 3rd grade. Although the 1% is a small percentage, alcohol onset was reported three years earlier than in 24. grades 3 to 6 documented a 11% alcohol onset usage. the middle school years (7th and 8th grade) were at a 21.1% onset usage rate. the high school years (9th, 1th, and 11th) had the largest percentage rates of onset. Onset was reported in the 3rd grade. The 3% is a large percentage although alcohol onset was reported in the same grade in 25 at 1% (and three years earlier than in 24). onset was reported in every grade through the 12th grade. grades 3 to 6 documented a 11% alcohol onset usage. the middle school years (7th and 8th grade) were at a 25% onset usage rate, higher than 25. 9th grade had the largest percentage rate of onset at 18%. 18

20 Challenge 3-Day Alcohol Use 26 Challenge Question 26 3-Day Use Yes 21.% No 79.% 21.% of youth (126) reported using alcohol at least once within the past 3-Days. Challenge Friend s 3-Day Alcohol Use 26 Challenge Question 26 Friend s 3-Day Use Some 87.% None 13.% 87.% of youth indicated their friend s had used alcohol within the past 3-Days. Challenge Perception of Parent s Approval of Alcohol 26 Challenge Question Parent s Approval Not Wrong 4.% Wrong 29.% Very Wrong 67.% 4.% of youth (24) perceive that their parents approve their use of alcohol. Challenge Perception of Friend s Approval of Alcohol 26 Challenge Question Friend s Approval Not Wrong 38.% Wrong 43.% Very Wrong 19.% 38.% of youth (229) perceive that their friends approve of alcohol use. 19.% of youth (115) perceive that their friends think alcohol use is very wrong. 19

21 Flagstaff Police Data 26 Illegal Consumption Arrests by Age 2 year olds 19 year olds 18 year olds 17 year olds 16 year olds 15 year olds 14 year olds 13 year olds and 14 year-old arrests ranged from 7 to 8 and averaged 7.5 arrests per each age. 15, 16 and 17 year-old arrests ranged from 44 to 62 and averaged 54 arrests per each age. 26 Illegal Consumption Arrests by Month December November October September August July June May April March February January The single month with the highest number of arrests was September. Reasons for this could include: Labor Day activities, holiday from school; and return of college youth. 26 Illegal Consumption Arrests by Holiday Weekend Thanksgiving Veteran's Day Halloween Labor Day July 4th Graduation Memorial Day Spring Break New Years Day Labor Day had the single highest arrest number in the entire year. However, 54 additional September arrests were made on other days of the month. 2

22 Flagstaff Police Data 25 and 26 Comparisons of Illegal Consumption Arrests by Age 25 2 year olds year olds year olds year olds year olds year olds year olds year olds year olds year olds year olds year olds year olds year olds year olds year olds Conclusions: 13 and 14 year-old arrests in 25 were 2.7% higher than arrests in year-old arrests in 25 were three times higher than in year-old arrests in 26 were about the same as in and 17 year-old arrests in 26 were less than in

23 COCONINO COUNTY JUVENILE COURT DATA Total referrals with at least one alcohol offense: Offense Location Residence Over three years, there were 113 offences committed in Flagstaff with referrals to Juvenile Court, 646 committed in Page and 55 committed in Williams. Of the 113 offenses committed in Flagstaff, 794 were committed by offenders who lived in the city (78%). Flagstaff Page Williams Caucasian Native American Hispanic African American Asian/Pacific Island 1 2 Total referrals with at least one alcohol offense by ethnicity and offense location: Total referrals with at least one alcohol offense by ethnicity and residence: Flagstaff Page Williams Offences Committed By Ethnicity and Residence Flagstaff: Of the 113 offenses committed in Flagstaff, 794 were committed by offenders who lived in the city (78%). Of those who lived in the city, the breakdown is as follows: 354 Caucasian offenders; 284 Native American; 162 Hispanic; 2 African American; and 3 Asian. Page: Of the 646 offenses committed in Page, 354 were committed by offenders who lived in the town (55%). Of those who lived in the town, the breakdown is as follows: 62 Caucasian offenders and 292 Native American. 22

24 FMC Emergency Room Alcohol and Alcohol & Drugs Data by Age and Alcohol & Drugs 2 year olds Alcohol 2 year olds Alcohol & Drugs 19 year olds Alcohol 19 year olds Alcohol & Drugs 18 year olds Alcohol 18 year olds Alcohol & Drugs 17 year olds Alcohol 17 year olds Alcohol & Drugs 16 year olds Alcohol 16 year olds Alcohol & Drugs 15 year olds Alcohol 15 year olds Alcohol & Drugs 14 year olds Alcohol 14 year olds Alcohol & Drugs 13 year olds Alcohol 13 year olds FMC Emergency Room Alcohol Data by Ethnicity and Year Asian African American Hispanic Native American Caucasian 2 2 Mixed FMC Emergency Room Alcohol Data by Zip Code and Year Out-of-State Flagstaff Phoenix Area Reservation

25 FMC Behavioral Health Services Data - Outpatient and Inpatient - Adolescents Outpatient July '5 - June ' Asian African American Hispanic Native American Caucasian Other FMC estimates that: Of total number of juveniles seen: Outpatient adolescents are seen at a rate of 9% for substance abuse issues. In the outpatient clinic, the age of onset of substance use for those clients with significant problems is Inpatient July '5 - June ' Asian African American Hispanic Native American Caucasian Other FMC estimates that: Of the total number of juveniles seen: Inpatient adolescents are seen at a rate of 5% for substance abuse 24

26 Northern Arizona University Alcohol Law Violations Reported to Other University Officials - On-campus Residential Yr 23 Yr 24 Yr Reported to University Police - On-Campus Residential 56 Yr 23 Yr 24 Yr Alcohol Law Violations Reported to Other University Officials at Northern Arizona University increased every year from 23. Alcohol law Violations Reported to University Police was dramatically lower than those reported to Other University Officials for the same time period. Alcohol Law Violations On-Campus Non-Residential were reported to University Police as follows: 23 52; 24 27;

27 PROTECTIVE Community Family School Peer/Individual Grade 8 Opportunities for Family Attachment Opportunities for Religiosity Prosocial Involvement Rewards for Prosocial Involvement Opportunities for Prosocial Involvement Rewards for Prosocial Prosocial Involvement Rewards for Prosocial Involvement Social Skills Belief in the Moral Order Grade 1 Involvement Interaction with Prosocial Peers Prosocial Involvement Rewards for Prosocial Involvement Opportunities for Family Attachment Opportunities for Religiosity Prosocial Involvement Rewards for Prosocial Involvement Opportunities for Prosocial Involvement Rewards for Prosocial Prosocial Involvement Rewards for Prosocial Involvement Social Skills Belief in the Moral Order Involvement Interaction with Prosocial Peers Prosocial Involvement Grade 12 Rewards for Prosocial Involvement Opportunities for Family Attachment Opportunities for Religiosity Prosocial Involvement Rewards for Prosocial Involvement Opportunities for Prosocial Involvement Rewards for Prosocial Prosocial Involvement Rewards for Prosocial Involvement Social Skills Belief in the Moral Involvement Overview: Community Domain Opportunities for Prosocial Involvement decreased in 1th and 12th grades. Rewards for Prosocial Behavior decreased in 8th and 12th grades. Order Interaction with Prosocial Peers Prosocial Involvement Rewards for Prosocial Involvement Family Domain Family Attachment and Rewards for Prosocial Involvement decreased in 1th grade. 26

28 Alcohol 27 Coconino County Alcohol Use Trends and Data Analysis 27

29 Attitudes on Underage Youth Drinking Survey 27 C.A.S.A Citizens Against Substance Abuse March 29, 27 1

30 Introduction: The Coconino County Alliance Against Drugs (CCAAD), Citizens Against Substance Abuse (CASA), and United Way have been part of a collaborative process building the framework for Underage Drinking and drug prevention in Coconino County and Flagstaff. 2

31 Two Phase Plan: CCAAD and CASA have a two-phase plan they believe will be more effective in building a sustainable system to prevent/reduce substance abuse in Coconino County and Flagstaff. 3

32 Phase I & II: Implementation of a State Incentive Grant (SIG). This phase conducts a needs assessment, builds local capacity and develops a comprehensive strategic plan for organizing and implementing substance abuse prevention activities for Phase II. 4

33 Methodology: The survey evaluated attitudes of adults from the greater Flagstaff, Page and Fredonia areas regarding youth drinking issues and policies, and included questions pertaining to their own alcohol consumption habits and behaviors. This survey was collaboratively developed by CASA and SRL. Once the survey was written, it was thoroughly pre-tested before data collection was initiated. 5

34 Methodology: The survey was administered between December 1 and December 15, 26 to 1,298 randomly-selected residents 18 years of age or older. Residents surveyed in Flagstaff area (n=77) Residents surveyed in Page (n=421) Residents surveyed in Fredonia (n=17). 6

35 Methodology: The average length of the survey was 1 minutes. All research procedures were reviewed by NAU s Institutional Review Board for protection of human subjects. The survey utilized a random-digital dial or (RDD) sampling technique to generate a representative sample of households. 7

36 Survey Fielding: Survey fielding was conducted using Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI), which increases the accuracy, flexibility, and efficiency of phone surveys. 8

37 Margin of Error: Sampling error is a social science term that describes the probable difference between interviewing everyone in a given population and interviewing a sample drawn from that population. The Sampling error associated with a 1,298 person sample drawn from a population size of greater Flagstaff, Page, and Fredonia is +/- 2.7 percent at a 95 percent confidence level. Sampling error for Flagstaff alone: +/- 3.51% Sampling error for Page alone: +/- 4.63% Sampling error for Fredonia alone: +/- 8.98% 9

38 95% of respondents are concerned about issues facing young people. Adult Concern About Issues Facing Youth Very Concerned Somewhat concerned Not at all concerned Don't know All 6% 35% Male 51% 41% Female 69% 29% Age 5+ 66% 3% Age % 34% Age % 52% Age % 48% 1% % 2% 4% 6% 8% 1% Percent of Respondents 1

39 Levels of concern towards specific issues Very concerned Somewhat concerned Not at all concerned Depends Don't know Meth use 92% 7% Marijuana use 62% 29% 9% DUI 91% 8% Alcohol use 66% 29% Sexual activity 52% 37% 9% Smoking 57% 34% % 2% 4% 6% 8% 1% Percent of Respondents 11

40 Familiarity with the legal drinking age 85% of respondents correctly name 21 as the state s legal drinking age. 7% say they know the legal drinking age, but fail to correctly name it. 8% say they do not know the legal drinking age. 12

41 Respondents who did not name the correct drinking age Of the 7% of respondents who said they knew the legal drinking age but named it incorrectly, 94% thought the legal drinking age was under 21, while the other 6% thought it was over

42 Range of incorrect drinking ages The range of incorrect drinking age responses was from 16 to 3, with 8% of incorrect responses being % of wrong answers came from respondents who were 55 or older. 14

43 How serious a problem is alcohol use by people under 21? Serious problem Moderate problem Minor problem Not a problem at all Don't know All 61% 28% 5% Male 52% 33% 8% Female 7% 22% 3% Age % 27% 9% Age % 33% 8% Age % 35% 4% Age 5+ 67% 22% 5% Urban 55% 32% 7% Rural 67% 24% 4% College grad 56% 32% 5% Some college 64% 26% 5% No college 68% 22% 5% % 2% 4% 6% 8% 1% Percent of Respondents 15

44 Beliefs on specific underage drinking circumstances Not acceptable Acceptable Depends Don't know Parental supervision 53% 36% 1% Adult supervision 75% 15% 9% Special occasion 53% 34% 12% Rites of passage 39% 49% 9% % 2% 4% 6% 8% 1% Percent of Respondents 16

45 Is it OK for an underage person to drink under the supervision of a parent or guardian? Yes No Depends Don't know Male 43% 47% 9% Female 3% 58% 11% Age % 56% Age % 46% 8% Age % 52% 11% Age 5+ 35% 54% 1% Urban 46% 42% 11% Rural 27% 62% 1% College grad 43% 45% 11% Some college 36% 54% 9% No college 25% 66% 7% % 2% 4% 6% 8% 1% Percent of Respondents 17

46 Tolerance of underage drinking by males and females Male and female respondents differed in their response as to whether it was acceptable for minors to drink under supervision of parents or guardians. 43% of males approved, while 3% of females approved. In general, males found all underage drinking circumstances more acceptable compared to females. 18

47 Is it OK for an underage person to drink under the supervision of an adult other than a parent or guardian? Yes No Depends Don't know Male 2% 7% Female 11% 8% 9% Age % 57% Age % 67% 12% Age % 76% 9% Age 5+ 14% 77% 8% Urban 18% 71% 9% Rural 13% 78% 9% College grad 17% 73% 9% Some college 14% 76% 9% No college 14% 78% 7% % 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 1% Percent of Respondents 19

48 Knowledge of adults who permit underage drinking 43% of respondents know of adults who permit underage drinking in their homes. 4% of respondents personally know adults who have bought or provided alcohol to people under 21. Knowledge of Adults Who Permit Underage Drinking No 55% Yes 43% Unsure 2% 2

49 Perceptions of adults who buy or allow underage drinking 86% of respondents believe it is never acceptable for an adult to buy or provide alcohol to someone under % of respondents know adults or parents who have reported underage drinking to authorities. "Do you know any parents or adults who have reported underage drinking to authorities?" No 72% Yes 27% Unsure 2% 21

50 Do you think it s easy or difficult for a person under 21 to get alcohol in Arizona? Easy Difficult In between Don't know All 77% 1% 12% Age % 18% 12% Age % 13% 8% Age % 1% 12% Age 5+ 79% 8% 11% % 2% 4% 6% 8% 1% Percent of Respondents 22

51 How are young people in Arizona most likely to get alcohol? Older friends Parents buy it Buy it themselves Take it from parents All 25% 24% 24% 27% Age % 21% 21% 34% Age % 27% 27% 22% Age % 24% 22% 3% Age 5+ 26% 24% 26% 25% % 2% 4% 6% 8% 1% Percent of Respondents 23

52 Views on adult consumption of alcohol 35% of respondents who identified themselves as a current or former drinker said they drink a few times a month. 31% of respondents who identified themselves as a current or former drinker said they drink a few times a week. 24

53 Perceptions of Adult Alcohol Use What percentage of adults drink alcohol regularly? 5% 43% 4% 3% 3% 2% 1% 9% 1% 7% % 1% <1% 1-25% 26-5% 51-75% 76-1% Don't Know 25

54 Frequency of Adult Drinking "How often do you drink alcoholic berverages?" 4% 3% 35% 31% 2% 14% 1% 1% 6% 5% % Never A few times a year A few times a month A few times a week Almost every day Daily 26

55 Heavy Alcohol Consumption 7% 6% "In an average month, how many days did you have five or more drinks of any alcoholic beverage?" 62% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% % 12% 7% 7% 7% 4% 2% Zero Days One day Two Days 3-5 Days 6-1 Days 11+ Days Don't Know 27

56 Age respondents became involved with alcohol 6% 5% 44% 51% First Drink First Intoxication 4% 36% 3% 2% 24% 14% 2% 1% % 6% 1% 3% Age -9 Age 1-15 Age 16-2 Age 21+ Never been Intoxicated 28

57 Age respondents became involved with alcohol The average age in which the respondent first drank an alcoholic beverage was 16. The average age in which the respondent first became intoxicated was

58 Consequences of underage alcohol consumption 74% of respondents think there are negative long-term consequences for youths who drink alcohol. Alcohol dependence, traffic accidents, and overall negative health are seen as the three most severe consequences of underage drinking. 3

59 Agreement with policies designed to combat underage drinking Restrict Ads 1% 2% 18% 8% Punish Adults 2% 12% 2% 66% Agree Focus on Adults Who Purchase or Sell Alcohol 6% 7% 36% 51% Disagree Depends Don't Know Increased Punishment for Youth 3% 5% 32% 6% % 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 31

60 Policies: Beer Keg Registration Strongly support Somewhat support Somewhat oppose Strongly oppose Not necessary Don't know All 3% 24% 18% 22% 6% Male 24% 22% 2% 28% Female 35% 27% 16% 15% Age % 24% 27% 29% Age % 29% 17% 2% 4% Age % 27% 16% 2% 4% Age 5+ 28% 21% 19% 23% 6% Urban 25% 26% 19% 24% 5% Rural 34% 22% 17% 2% 6% College grad 25% 29% 19% 22% Some college 32% 21% 18% 21% 6% No college 36% 2% 14% 22% 7% % 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 1% Percent of Respondents 32

61 Policies: Server Training Strongly support Somewhat support Somewhat oppose Strongly oppose Not necessary Don't know All 58% 24% 8% 6% Male 53% 27% 9% 7% Female 63% 22% 6% Age % 39% 15% 6% Age % 33% 12% 1% Age % 24% 1% 5% Age 5+ 61% 22% 5% 6% Urban 53% 28% 9% 7% Rural 62% 21% 6% 5% College grad 53% 26% 1% 6% Some college 62% 23% 5% 6% No college 6% 23% 8% % 2% 4% 6% 8% 1% Percent of Respondents 33

62 THANK YOU! For more information, contact: (928) (928) fax 34

63 Community Focus Groups Six community focus groups were held over a period of six months. The groups were representative of the following: Youth Parents Schools Business Non-profits Government Faith-Based Law Enforcement Youth in Treatment Native American Parents Behavioral Health Services Citizens of Coconino County Aggregated responses are provided and may indicate areas and issues where focused resources could impact environmental changes in our community.

64 Aggregated Results: Community Focus Group Overview 1. Do you see underage drinking (UAD) as a problem in Flagstaff/Coconino County? Six out of six focus groups reported, YES. One person reported, NO. 2. Why is UAD a problem globally? Belief System Powerful belief system it s okay to drink, it s normal Culture accepts using substances to alter awareness Part of the general college experience Don t know when to quit Government not enforcing the laws Big cities scarier roads; higher chance of accident in bigger city Parental Perceptions Parents prefer alcohol use to drug use; kids mimic what they see at home (alcohol use/abuse, domestic violence); divorce; family issues Lack of family support Accessibility Easy to access glorified, not a big deal to drink Peer Pressure Peer pressure; so easy to get makes it not a big deal Not mature enough but think they are old enough Targeted at kids who have not drank before See kids doing it having fun, why not me? Liquor Industry Alcohol advertisement promote a lifestyle glamorous; encouraged by alcohol industry/professional sports 3. Why is UAD a problem locally in Flagstaff/Coconino County? Belief System Societal approval Stress reliever; hard vs. soft liquor have different reputations; drinking damages the part of the brain that tells them to stop Nothing to do; increase of adolescents trying to get into bars Small town perception: more conservative and more permissible; rural, rugged independent thinking; community tolerates college drinking; professional/higher educated community; adult buys for youth; close to reservation The way it make you feel Builds self confidence Parental Perceptions Parents don t realize climate/culture changed (i.e. I did it when I was their age...i d rather them drink at home than somewhere else ). Perception that drinking as not harmful; Thank goodness it s alcohol; viewed as a rite of passage; alcohol not viewed as a drug Alcohol abuse linked to poverty issues

65 Community Focus Groups Overview Continued Why is UAD a problem locally in Flagstaff/Coconino County? - CONTINUED Accessibility Problem is getting worse Accessible; lots of time on hands; boredom; rural area more freedom, easier time getting lost; easy access 2% of DUIs are from UAD Number one reason for referrals from Juvenile Court; especially high for Native American youth College town; artificially removed away from home; NAU is party school; NAU Homecoming theme is Tequila Sunrise; invitations to parties revolve around how much alcohol will be there; safe rides are party caravans; nightlife emphasized; bars encourage drinking on weekends (drink specials, ladies night) Exposed to alcohol/drugs at early age by siblings and friends Peer Pressure 21 year olds and younger ages interact together Liquor Industry Alcohol is 2nd largest industry in AZ; two times the number of alcohol outlets in this community; Safeway near NAU half of all sales are alcohol-related Advertisements target youth Political/legislative money from distributors 4. What are the consequences for UAD in Flagstaff/Coconino County? Monetary and Other Costs Get caught go to jail; huge costs in legal actions; lose license until 18; 2nd offence carries a referral to juvenile court or treatment (late intervention); probation; scared to report; violation probation; fines; citations Costs to Flagstaff Police Department Emergency room costs (i.e., FMC costs ambulance rides, pumping stomach) Damaged relationships; abusive relationships; destruction of family; loss of trust Wasted money spent to educate and not rehabilitate Injury and Health Brain damage; alcohol poisoning; death; overdose; blacking out Pregnancy STDs; sexual assault; date rape Accidents; injuries; DUI s those caught and those NOT caught; regrets (tattooed) Addiction; leads to other drugs; greater chance of alcoholism; gateway drug to dangerous drugs; building up a tolerance Crime Age of onset getting lower Aggression; violence; crime; theft and shoplifting of liquor/beer; beer run - grab two cases of beer and run out the door; property crimes (especially events with all night drinking i.e. Tequila Sunrise) Education School work affected; high drop-out rates; in school drunk; hung over; lower AIMS/SAT scores

66 Community Focus Groups Overview Continued What are the consequences for UAD in Flagstaff/Coconino County? CONTINUED Perceptions Perception of rite of passage amplified by pro-drinking attitudes The more you drink, the cooler you are. 5. What is/are the best way(s) to address this problem? Community Involvement Show united front of all organizations working together to general public United front plan achievable goals Send strong message that alcohol will not be condoned Community needs to get more involved with youth; enforcement and education together with community involvement Change public perceptions UAD education in driver s education Keep it on the front burner - not just lip service Know legal and physical consequences of UAD Positive role models More activities for teens (i.e., rock climbing, cheap movies, roller rink, contests, dances, YMCA (positive role models from the start); adding to and improving Rec Center (foosball, pool tables) Night time activities (different music for dances, dances with other schools, improvise drive-in movie theater, museum club underage nights, more games at Boardwalk on under 21 side of bar) go carts, indoor pool, laser tag, mini golf, carnivals, permanent amusement park, new arcade, places to eat, more live shows/music) PSAs Let public know what is happening Keep on the front burner Televise arrests Education Provide Drug Identification Training for Education Professionals (DITEP) Kids need better coping skills; educate at younger age Put kids on notice - we are serious; Keep it on the front burner - not just lip service Deglamorize drinking, especially binge drinking program to show severe effects (i.e. Marlboro Man after several strokes) CASA Social Norms Campaign (not as many kids drink as most kids believe) Educate parents, judges, cops so all know the physical and legal consequences of UAD; can t hold someone just for MIP; public health approach emphasize harmful effects Follow-up (after DARE they never hear it again) Involve the Courts sentencing guidelines Some lawyers sympathize with UADrinkers Change public perceptions (why arrest at a tailgate vs. real criminals) Target cultural groups Address older teens beyond parental influence

67 Community Focus Groups Overview Continued What is/are the best way(s) to address this problem? CONTINUED Education CONTINUED A.A.; Rehab, counseling; Al-anon Don t let people put you in that situation; think twice about your actions Observe others who are intoxicated Go to school; get involved in sports; get a job Speakers; statistics, personal accounts Parents Change parental perceptions this is a real problem Educate parent son negative affects of UAD Most parents are in denial about impact of alcohol; I did it when I was that age Kids are home 17 hours a day Parents say, I wish I had been taught this when I was younger Educate without alienating Help differentiate between use and abuse How do we separate UAD from adult drinking? You can t always be your kids best friend; educate parents Family support; share with kids; interact with kids Law Enforcement Keg registration Cops in shops Put teeth in the law; fines, misdemeanors; adults who buy for kids; social hosting Officers could hand out flyers listing consequences for DUI Some officers sympathize with UADrinkers More laws, citations for contributing retailers More money spent on DUIs and # of arrests has not decreased (not a good strategy); spend less on DUI and more toward other avenues Better enforce liquor laws in bars Three homicides directly related to downtown bars Cops prohibited to look for DUIs in bar parking lots Hold parents/adults/youth more responsible change in laws Ban tailgating Merchant Level Carding; compliance checks Behavior change in stores Educate merchant/provider on negative affects of UAD If people are driving drunk, they are being over-served Better enforce liquor laws in bars Give bar owner more power how? political process, active members of City Council, alcohol industry huge in Flagstaff Make it more difficult to steal alcohol Liquor Industry Work with industry; find out what motivates (i.e., taxes) Attack the industry Liquor industry does not want to be treated the same as tobacco industry Alcohol industry huge in Flagstaff