PRACTICAL ROADMAP. GLANDS AFFECTING LIFESTYLE WJ van der Spuy & T Tshabalala
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1 PRACTICAL ROADMAP GLANDS AFFECTING LIFESTYLE WJ van der Spuy & T Tshabalala
2 GLANDS AFFECTING LIFESTYLE Submandibular gland (salivary gland) Liver Pancreas Hypophysis (pituitary gland) Thyroid Suprarenal (adrenal) glands
3 SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND Slide 2 Submandibular gland Salivary gland Compound tubulo-alveolar gland Serous (darker staining) and mucous (paler staining) secretory end-pieces
4 Overview Connective tissue capsule Blood vessel Connective tissue septum dividing gland into lobes Intralobular ducts Interlobular ducts Parenchyma of gland
5 Lobes and Parenchyma Mucous secretory end-pieces Connective tissue septa Serous secretory end-pieces Interlobular ducts Blood vessel Adipose tissue Intralobular ducts (striated) Lobe Parenchyma - cells and ducts
6 Secretory Units Serous secretory end-pieces with spherical basal nuclei Serous demilunes Interlobular duct Mucous secretory end-pieces with flattened basal nuclei Blood vessel Adipose tissue Myoepithelial cell Intralobular duct
7 Ducts Blood vessel Intercalated duct - Intralobular - Lined by cuboidal epithelium Interlobular duct - Lined by stratified epithelium - Surrounded by connective tissue Striated duct - Intralobular - Lined by columnar epithelium
8 Striated Ducts Striations of intralobular ducts Myoepithelial cell Zymogen granules in apical cytoplasm of serous secretory cells
9 LIVER Slide 23 Liver H&E stain
10 Overview Liver parenchyma - hepatocytes (cells) - sinusoids (capillaries) Connective tissue capsule - sends septa into parenchyma Portal tract
11 Structures of Note Liver parenchyma - hepatocytes (eosinophilic) - sinusoids (white spaces) Connective tissue capsule Portal tract - surrounded by connective tissue Connective tissue septum Central vein
12 Portal Tract Branch of hepatic artery Branch of portal vein Branch of bile duct Portal tract Note: Artery & vein lined by endothelium Bile duct lined by simple cuboidal epithelium
13 Classical Liver Lobule Classical liver lobule - roughly hexagonal shape - central vein at midpoint - sinusoids draining into central vein - portal tracts at corners of hexagon Central vein Cords of Hepatocytes (pink) & Sinusoids (white spaces) radiating towards central vein
14 Blood & Bile Flow Portal tract Central vein
15 Haemosiderin (yellow-brown particles) Liver Parenchyma Endothelial cell Hepatocyte Sinusoid lined with endothelium & Kupffer cells Kupffer cell (stellate shape) Endothelial cell Bi-nucleated Hepatocyte
16 PANCREAS Slide 17 Pancreas H&E stain
17 Overview Connective tissue capsule Parenchyma of exocrine pancreas (dark staining) Blood vessel Interlobular duct Connective tissue septum dividing gland into lobes & lobules Islets of Langerhans - endocrine pancreas (pale staining)
18 Endocrine vs Exocrine Exocrine pancreas Endocrine pancreas Islet of Langerhans - cells arranged in short, irregular cords separated by fenestrated capillaries Acini - cells arranged around an intercalated duct
19 Endocrine Cell Types Insulin-secreting B cells 70% of Islet Glucagon-secreting A cells 15-20% of Islet Micrographs TN Augustine MSc
20 Exocrine Cell Types Acinus Pancreatic acinar cell Basophilic basal cytoplasm of pancreatic acinar cell Centro-acinar cell - pale-staining nucleus Eosinophilic apical cytoplasm of pancreatic acinar cell
21 Intercalated Duct Acinus Acinus Intercalated duct Acinus
22 Intralobular Duct Acinus Acinus Intralobular duct
23 HYPOPHYSIS Slide 94 Hypophysis (Pituitary gland) Mallory stain Acid fuchsin (nuclei of secretory cells stain red) Aniline blue (collagen & colloid stains blue) Orange G (erythrocytes & nucleoli stain orange/red)
24 Pituitary Gland Two functional units - Adenohypophysis - Pars tuberalis - Pars distalis - Pars intermedia - Neurohypophysis - Pars nervosa - Infundibulum
25 Overview Pars tuberalis Infundibular stem Connective tissue capsule Pars distalis Pars intermedia Pars nervosa
26 Overview Pars tuberalis Pars intermedia Connective tissue capsule Pars distalis Infundibular stem Pars nervosa
27 Functional Areas Pars distalis - red and blue stained Pars nervosa -palely stained Pars intermedia - blue stained
28 Pars Distalis Collagen Dilated cappilary containing erythrocytes Chromophobes (unstained) Basophils (blue-stained) Acidophils (red-stained)
29 Pars Intermedia & Nervosa Pars intermedia Pars nervosa Colloid - blue & orange stained Collagen Basophil Blood vessel filled with erythrocytes
30 Pars Nervosa Blood vessels Collagen Herring body Erythrocytes Blood vessel
31 Pars Nervosa Erythrocytes Pituicytes Fibroblast Note: Mast cells are also present in Pars Nervosa though not shown in micrograph
32 Infundibulum Pars distalis Pars tuberalis Infundibulum
33 Pars Tuberalis Blood vessels Pars tuberalis (highly vascular) Infundibulum
34 THYROID GLAND Slide 44 Thyroid H&E stain
35 Overview Connective tissue capsule Blood vessel Connective tissue capsule Connective tissue septa forming lobules Follicles filled with colloid
36 Connective Tissue Connective tissue capsule Connective tissue septa dividing gland into lobules
37 Follicles Connective tissue septa Thyroid follicle (functional unit) Simple cuboidal follicular cells Follicle Colloid
38 Parafollicular Cells Parafollicular cells - found within the follicle in the simple cuboidal epithelium - and between follicles
39 SUPRARENAL GLAND Slide 92 Suprarenal H&E stain
40 Overview Connective tissue capsule Cortex - 3 zones Medulla - highly vascular
41 Regions and Zones Connective tissue capsule Cortex Zona fasciculata Zona reticularis Medulla Zona glomerulosa
42 Zona Glomerulosa Connective tissue capsule Zona glomerulosa - parenchyma arranged in ovoid clusters)
43 Zona Fasciculata Zona fasciculata - long straight chords separated by fenestrated capillaries Capillary
44 Zona Reticularis Zona reticularis - parenchyma arranged in anastamosing chords)
45 Medulla Blood vessels Chromaffin cells
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