MICROSTRUCTURES SMALL INTESTIN LARGE INTESTIN PANCREAS LIVER GALLBLADDER SALIVARY GLANDS ADRENALS THYROID AND PARATHYROID GLANDS

Transcription

1 MICROSTRUCTURES SMALL INTESTIN LARGE INTESTIN PANCREAS LIVER GALLBLADDER SALIVARY GLANDS ADRENALS THYROID AND PARATHYROID GLANDS

2 HUMAN ANATOMY: MICROSTRUCTURES CLASSIFICATION: LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES, FORM, FUNCTION, MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE: A hollow organ is a visceral organ that is a hollow tube or pouch (as the stomach or intestine) or that includes a cavity (as of the heart or urinary bladder) The parenchyma are the functional parts of an organ in the body The stroma refers to the connective, non-functional supportive framework of an organ You always recognize a stroma (supporting tissue, formed by capsule and trabeculae) and parenchyma (functional tissue). It is usually covered with a capsule of connective tissue that penetrates inside the body. We recognize overlapping layers of different tissue origin. Usually by the outer layer are: Tunica serosa (tunica adventitia in esophagus and rectum) Tunica muscularis Tunica submucosa Tunica mucosa

3 The small intestine is divided into three structural parts: Duodenum 26 cm in length Jejunum 2.5 m Ileum 3.5 m duodenum

4 The small intestine is divided into three structural parts: Duodenum 26 cm in length Jejunum 2.5 m Ileum 3.5 m 2 3 duodenum

5 4 Jejunum

6 ILEUM WALL

7 ILEUM 3 L V 1 2 aggregated lymphoid nodules in the digestive system (Peyer's patches)

8 INTESTINAL VILLI e c e a a

9 Parts of the large intestine are: Cecum the first part of the large intestine Taeniae coli three bands of smooth muscle Haustra bulges caused by contraction of taeniae coli Epiploic appendages small fat accumulations on the viscera Appendix (or vermiform appendix; also cecal (or caecal) appendix; also vermix Locations along the colon are: The ascending colon The right colic flexure (hepatic) The transverse colon The transverse mesocolon The left colic flexure (splenic) The descending colon The sigmoid colon the v-shaped region of the large intestine

10 LARGE INTESTINE

11 CECAL APPENDIX

12 CECAL APPENDIX

13 CECAL APPENDIX A B 4

14 RECTUM

15 Pancreatic tissue

16 PANCREAS s L s A V s s s A V

17 endocrine islet (of Langerhans) C C Exo Endo Exo

18 HIGHER MAGNIFICATION s s L s s

19 islet surrounding by serous acini

20 ISLET VESSELS V V V

21 ENDOCRINE CELLS

22 serous acini of parotid gland s D

23 The structural organization of human liver tissue

24 LIVER L vcl SP vcl s v D vcl vcl s

25 PORTAL TRIADS L1 PS A V L3 B L2

26 Central vein and sinusoids E V S

27 Sinusoids S E V

28 Cell cords of hepatocytes V C

29 LIVER Sinusoids small irregularly shaped blood vessels

30 Hepatic microstructure

31 Gallbladder wall

32 Gallbladder wall high magnification M pc bm

33 Gallbladder wall high magnification bm Mi M

34 Anastomosis Gallbladder MUCOSA - a cross-connection between adjacent channels, tubes, fibers, pits or other parts of a network. - a connection made surgically between adjacent blood vessels, parts of the intestine, or other channels of the body, or the operation in which this is constructed. M

35 Gallbladder mucosa epithelium E p pm

36 gallbladder mucosa E A bm V E

37 Common bile duct structure

38 parotid submaxillary or submandibular sublingual The salivary glands parotid gland sublingual gland submandibular gland

39

40 PAROTID GLAND (almost exclusively serous acini) SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND (predominantly serous acini) MUCOUS ACINI SUBLINGUAL GLAND (mucous tubules and acini predominate)

41 PAROTID GLAND (almost exclusively serous acini) Serous fluid (as opposed to mucous fluid) is produced by the parotid gland. 2 4 v 1 L L 3 3

42 PAROTID GLAND (almost exclusively serous acini) 1 A 3 1 2

43 SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND (predominantly serous acini) 2 S A M 1 4 L v n v serous demilune, a layer of lysozyme-secreting serous cells resembling a half moon (Giannuzzi s).

44 SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND (predominantly serous acini) A 3 S M 4 v A S A S

45 SUBLINGUAL GLAND (mucous tubules and acini predominate) v n L L

46 MAGNIFICATION OF SUBLINGUAL GLAND ACINI M A S M S M n S S A M 4 S M M

47 adult suprarenal gland (adrenal gland) zona granulosa (ZG), zona fasciculata (ZF), zona reticularis (ZR), and the highly vascular medulla (M).

48 adrenal gland FC L G F R C M V

49 adrenal gland FC G 1 C F 2 R 3 M 4 V

50 zona granulosa (ZG) FC ZG F

51 zona fasciculata (ZF) zona reticularis (ZR) ZF c c ZR

52 Zona Fascicolata (ZF) S A B

53 Zona Reticularis (ZR) sinusoid

54 Medulla (M)

55 The parathyroid glands are four or more small glands, about the size of a grain of rice, located on the posterior surface (back side) of the thyroid gland

56 human thyroid follicles ( ) reticular connective tissue

57 Parathyroid gland the parathyroid oxyphil cell is larger and paler than the parathyroid chief cell. These cells can be found in clusters in the center of the section and at the periphery. Oxyphil cells appear at the onset of puberty, but have no known function. With nuclear medicine scans, they selectively take up the Technetiumsestamibi complex radiotracer dye to allow delineation of glandular anatomy oxyphil cells

58 human thyroid follicles CT colloidal thyroglobulin calcitonin-secreting C cells follicular epithelium

59 thyroid colloid ( )

60 Thyrocyte (T) and basal membrane (BM) T BM

61 calcitonin-secreting C cells C1 C2