THE AIM OF postsurgical follow-up in patients with differentiated
|
|
- Alexandrina Bishop
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 /01/$03.00/0 The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 86(12): Printed in U.S.A. Copyright 2001 by The Endocrine Society Prediction of Disease Status by Recombinant Human TSH-Stimulated Serum Tg in the Postsurgical Follow-Up of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma FURIO PACINI, ELEONORA MOLINARO, FRANCESCO LIPPI, MARIA GRAZIA CASTAGNA*, LAURA AGATE, CLAUDIA CECCARELLI, DONATELLA TADDEI, ROSSELLA ELISEI, MARCO CAPEZZONE, AND ALDO PINCHERA Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy Stimulation with recombinant human TSH (rhtsh) has been introduced in clinical practice as an effective alternative to thyroid hormone withdrawal for the diagnostic follow-up (Tg measurement and 131-iodine whole-body scan) of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. The present study was specifically aimed to evaluate the utility of rhtsh-stimulated serum Tg measurements in patients with undetectable serum Tg values, on L-T 4 therapy, as the only test to differentiate patients with persistent disease from patients who are disease-free. We studied 72 consecutive patients with differentiated thyroid cancer, previously treated with near-total thyroidectomy and 131-I thyroid ablation. Admission criteria were: an undetectable (<1 ng/ml) serum Tg, on L-T 4 therapy, and negative anti-tg antibodies. The study design consisted of a Tg-stimulation test after rhtsh, during L-T 4, followed by diagnostic WBS and serum Tg measurement off L-T 4. After rhtsh, serum Tg remained undetectable in 41 of 72 patients (56.9%). A negative rhtsh Tg test agreed with an undetectable hypo-tg in 36 of 41 cases (87.8%), all without Abbreviations: DTC, Differentiated thyroid cancer; rhtsh, recombinant human TSH. evidence of metastatic disease at hypo-wbs. In 5 of 41 cases (12.2%), hypo-tg was detectable ( ng/ml), in association with negative hypo-wbs or faint uptake in the thyroid bed. Serum Tg converted from undetectable to detectable after rhtsh in 31 of 72 patients (43.1%), with a peak Tg ranging between 1.2 and 23.0 ng/ml. Hypo-Tg was always detectable in these patients (100% concordance), and it was significantly higher than rhtsh-stimulated Tg (P < ). Hypo-WBS was positive in 23 of 31 patients (74.2%), showing thyroid residues in 12, cervical lymph nodes in 7, and lung metastases in 4 cases. In 8 of 31 cases, hypo-wbs was negative, despite detectable serum Tg. Thus, rhtsh-stimulated Tg was able to detect all cases of documented local or distant metastases. In conclusion, our data indicate that, in patients with undetectable basal levels of serum Tg, rhtsh-stimulated Tg represents an informative test to distinguish disease-free patients (not requiring WBS) from diseased patients (requiring further diagnostic and/or therapeutic procedures). (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86: , 2001) THE AIM OF postsurgical follow-up in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is the early discovery of persistent or recurrent disease, a condition occurring in nearly 20% of the patients in several series (1 5). After total thyroidectomy and 131-I thyroid ablation, serum Tg measurement and 131-I whole-body scan (WBS) are the most sensitive markers for the presence or absence of disease activity (6, 7). These two methodologies have high levels of concordance, but serum Tg is more sensitive, being positive also in patients with local or distant metastases deprived of iodine uptake and thus not visible at the WBS (8 10). However, a major limitation of serum Tg test is its decreased sensitivity when measured on l-t 4 -suppressive therapy. In this condition, serum Tg may be suppressed to undetectable levels (false negative) in patients with thyroid residues or lymph node metastases and, less frequently, even in patients with distant metastases (6, 11, 12). To increase the sensitivity of serum Tg, thyroid hormone therapy is withdrawn to raise endogenous serum TSH concentrations, which, in turn, will stimulate the release of serum Tg. The consequent state of hypothyroidism is unpleasant for most patients and sometimes results in marked morbidity and impairment of the quality of life (13). The development of a rapid and simple Tg-stimulation test not requiring thyroid hormone withdrawal would certainly facilitate the diagnostic follow-up of DTC patients. Recombinant human TSH (rhtsh), an exogenous source of human TSH, may represent this tool. Recently, stimulation with rhtsh, under l-t 4 suppressive therapy, has been introduced in the clinical practice, as an effective alternative to thyroid hormone withdrawal, for the diagnostic follow-up of DTC. rhtsh has been proven to be effective in promoting both Tg release and 131-I uptake in thyroid cancer cells, without inducing the undesired effects of hypothyroidism, as shown in a preliminary phase I/II study and in two larger phase III clinical trials (14 17). In the second phase III study (16), rhtsh-stimulated Tg predicted the presence of local or distant metastases in 100% of the patients when a stimulated Tg cut-off of 2 ng/ml or more was chosen. Based on this observation, the present study was aimed to specifically evaluate the utility of rhtsh-stimulated serum Tg measurements in patients with undetectable serum Tg values, on l-t 4 therapy, as the only test to differentiate patients with persistent disease (requiring diagnostic imaging and/or therapeutic procedures) from disease-free patients (not requiring further procedures). 5686
2 Pacini et al. Serum Tg Measurement after rhtsh J Clin Endocrinol Metab, December 2001, 86(12): Subjects and Methods We studied 72 consecutive patients (51 females) with DTC (66 papillary and 6 follicular), previously treated with near-total thyroidectomy and 131-I thyroid ablation, scheduled for routine diagnostic WBS, regardless of any clinical suspicion of metastatic disease. Mean age at diagnosis was yr (range, yr). Admission criteria were: an undetectable ( 1 ng/ml) serum Tg, on l-t 4 suppressive therapy, and negative anti-tg antibodies at the time of inclusion. The reasons for scheduling the WBS were: to control for thyroid ablation after surgery and radioiodine in 38 patients; a second control after 1 negative test in 3 patients; and to control for disease remission in the remaining 31 patients, who, at the last hypo-wbs before the study, had evidence of disease treated with radioiodine (lymph nodes and/or lung metastases in 13, persistence of thyroid bed uptake after more than 1 course of radioiodine in 13, and positive Tg with negative diagnostic WBS in 5). Study design The study design consisted of a Tg-stimulation test with rhtsh during suppressive therapy (phase 1) followed by withdrawal of l-t 4 to perform a diagnostic 131-I WBS and serum Tg measurement off l-t 4 therapy (phase 2). During phase 1, patients received one injection of rhtsh (0.9 mg im, Thyrogen; Genzyme Transgenics Corp., Cambridge, MA) for 2 consecutive days. Serum samples for TSH and Tg measurements were collected before the first rhtsh injection and during the following days, up to d 5. During phase 2, the patients were rendered hypothyroid by withdrawing l-t 4 for 6 wk. l-t 3 (10 g, four times a day) was given for 3 wk, starting 1 wk after withdrawal of l-t 4. Serum Tg measurement and WBS were performed 2 wk after withdrawal of l-t 3. Written informed consent was signed by all patients. Methods For each patient, all serum Tg and TSH determinations were run in the same assay. Serum Tg was measured using a commercial immunometric assay (DPC, Los Angeles, CA) with a lower detection limit of 0.2 ng/ml and a functional sensitivity of 0.9 ng/ml. The assay is standardized against the certified reference material for human Tg (CRM 457) of the Community Bureau of Reference of the European Commission (18). In our laboratory, the intra- and interassay coefficients of variation of the method are 4.3% and 7.0%, respectively. Based on the functional sensitivity of the assay (0.9 ng/ml), we selected 1 ng/ml as the cut-off value discriminating undetectable from detectable Tg levels. This cut-off was sufficiently validated in the clinical practice in the past years; hundreds of disease-free patients, as assessed by clinical and instrumental examination, had serum Tg less than1 ng/ml. Anti-Tg autoantibodies were measured in all sera by an immunoradiometric assay method (ICN Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Asse Relegem, Belgium). Patients with circulating anti-tg antibodies were not enrolled in the study. No patient converted from antibody-negative to antibodypositive during the period of observation; thus, no patient had to be excluded from the study after enrollment. Serum TSH was measured using an ultrasensitive commercial immunometric assay (DPC). WBS was performed using a one-head -camera (Apex SPX 4000; Elscint Italia, Milano, Italy) with a high-energy collimator, having a sensitivity of 160 cpm/ Ci. Scan speed was 10 cm/min,with a total count of at least 100,000 cpm. Imaging was performed 72 h after the administration of a 4-mCi tracer dose of radioiodine. Results Serum TSH and Tg after rhtsh As shown in Fig. 1, all patients had very low concentrations of basal serum TSH ( mu/liter), confirming a good compliance to l-t 4 -suppressive therapy. rhtsh administration elicited a sharp and prompt increase in serum TSH that peaked at d 3 (24 h after the second rhtsh injection), with mean values of mu/liter (range, mu/liter). As expected, basal serum Tg on l-t 4 was undetectable ( 1.0 ng/ml) in all patients (inclusion criteria). After rhtsh stimulation, serum Tg remained undetectable in 41 of 72 patients (56.9%). In the other 31 patients (43.1%), rhtshstimulated serum Tg rose to detectable levels, with a peak ranging between 1.2 and 23.0 ng/ml (Fig. 2). The rhtshstimulated Tg peak was observed at d 3 (24 h after the second rhtsh injection) in 2 patients (6.4%), at d 4 (48 h after the second rhtsh injection) in 8 patients (25.8%), and at d 5(72 h after rhtsh) in 21 patients (67.8%). Comparison between serum Tg after rhtsh or endogenous TSH stimulation Patients with a negative Tg response to rhtsh. As shown in Fig. 3, in this group, of 41 patients, a negative rhtsh Tg test corresponded with a negative hypo-tg in 36 of 41 cases FIG. 1. Mean values of basal and rhtsh-stimulated serum TSH (n 72). The vertical lines indicate the SD. FIG. 2. Basal Tg (undetectable), peak Tg after rhtsh, and Tg after thyroid hormone withdrawal in 31 patients with positive Tg response after rhtsh.
3 5688 J Clin Endocrinol Metab, December 2001, 86(12): Pacini et al. Serum Tg Measurement after rhtsh (87.8%). The hypo-wbs in these 36 patients was negative in 30 of them and positive for faint thyroid bed uptake in 6. In 5 of 41 cases (12.2%), there was a discrepancy between negative rhtsh-tg and positive hypo-tg. These hypo-tg values were always very low, ranging between 1.1 and 7.8 ng/ml, and were associated with negative hypo-wbs in 3 cases and with faint radioiodine uptake in the thyroid bed in 2 cases. Patients with a positive Tg response to rhtsh. A response of serum Tg, from undetectable to detectable levels, after rhtsh was observed in 31 patients. As shown in Fig. 3, hypo-tg in these patients was detectable in all (100% concordance). A positive (r 0.40), statistically significant (P 0.02) correlation was found between rhtsh peak Tg and hypo-tg; but, as shown in Fig. 2, hypo-tg was significantly higher than rhtsh-stimulated Tg (P , by Wilcoxon test for paired data). Hypo-WBS was positive in 23 patients (74.2%), showing the presence of thyroid residues in 12, cervical lymph nodes in 7, and lung metastases in 4 cases. Thus, rhtshstimulated Tg was able to detect all cases of local or distant metastases, but, like hypo-tg, was not able to discriminate between different sources of Tg; as shown in Fig. 4, there was a considerable overlap in patients with lung or node metastases, thyroid bed uptake, and negative WBS. In 8 cases, FIG. 3. Correlation between rhtsh-stimulated Tg and hypothyroid Tg in all patients (with and without Tg response to rhtsh). The notes at the bottom report the results of 131-I WBS in hypothyroidism. FIG. 4. Individual values of peak rhtsh-tg and hypo-tg according to the results of 131-I WBS in 31 patients with positive Tg response after rhtsh. hypo-wbs was negative, despite detectable serum Tg levels. In these patients, clinical and instrumental evaluation failed to detect any possible source of Tg. These patients represent the small cohort of Tg /WBS patients present also in several large series of DTC studied with the conventional hypothyroid strategy. Discussion Our study was designed to assess whether Tg stimulation using rhtsh might represent a simple and rapid test in patients with undetectable serum Tg, on l-t 4, for distinguishing those who are disease-free (not to be submitted to WBS) from those with persistent or recurrent disease requiring further procedures. A prerequisite for such a test is that the users are confident with their Tg assay and that the cut-off used is really the one distinguishing detectable from undetectable Tg. Our assay, although able to measure 0.2 ng/ml Tg, has a functional sensitivity of 0.9 ng/ml. This is the reason why we selected 1 ng/ml as the cut-off value. Other laboratories use 2 ng/ml as the cut-off, although their assays have lower functional sensitivities. With this approach, there is a gray zone (e.g. between 1 and 2 ng/ml) in which disease may be present but not considered. Our strategy reduces (and probably eliminates) this gray zone. The results of our study indicate that, in all patients with detectable local or distant metastases, a response of serum Tg to rhtsh did occur, with no false negative results. Compared with the gold standard (serum Tg and 131-I WBS in hypothyroidism), the positive predictive value in these patients was 100%. On the other hand, when rhtsh stimulation produced no detectable change from baseline Tg, all patients were apparently free of disease or (in a small minority) had persistent thyroid bed uptake of very low significance. Similar positive and negative predictive values have been recently reported by Robbins et al. (19), who found that Tg stimulation and 131-I WBS by the traditional hypothyroid preparation or after rhtsh stimulation on thyroid hormone therapy were equally effective in the detection of residual disease in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. In our study, a few patients with scintigraphic evidence of uptake limited to the thyroid bed (with or without detectable serum Tg during hypothyroidism) were missed by rhtshstimulated Tg. Most likely, these apparently false-negative results represent tiny normal residues rather than local tumor. They should not have an impact on the subsequent outcome of the disease, as recently demonstrated by Cailleux et al. (20), who found that, in patients with undetectable serum Tg at the time of performing the control WBS after initial treatment, the rate of recurrence after a long-term follow-up was as low as 0.6%. As with the serum Tg test during hypothyroidism, rhtshstimulated Tg was not specific for neoplastic disease but was observed also in case of thyroid bed uptake or negative WBS, with a diffuse overlap of the individual peak-tg values after rhtsh, among all categories of patients. The cases associated with negative WBS are not surprising and represent the small fraction of patients with detectable serum Tg and negative diagnostic WBS reported in several studies (10, 21 23). A significant correlation was found between peak Tg after
4 Pacini et al. Serum Tg Measurement after rhtsh J Clin Endocrinol Metab, December 2001, 86(12): rhtsh and hypo-tg. However, rhtsh-stimulated Tg was usually lower than hypo-tg; and, in some cases, the increment from baseline was very small. Several explanations may be offered for the Tg increments after thyroid hormone withdrawal being higher than those after rhtsh. Methodological problems or interfering substances might account for the discrepancy; but, with the exception of circulating anti-tg autoantibodies, they have not been described. We favor the possibility that, during endogenous TSH stimulation, Tg synthesis and secretion may be more continuous and prolonged, and that its clearance rate may be lower, compared with exogenous stimulation. Whatever the cause, this finding poses some potential problem in the interpretation of the serum Tg results. Even minor changes (such as 4 ng/ml) from undetectable baseline serum Tg might be associated with lung metastases. Thus, any detectable value of rhtshstimulated Tg must be taken into account as potential expression of relevant disease requiring extensive diagnostic evaluation. The same limitation, but to a lesser extent, may occur also in patients studied during hypothyroidism (6). In addition, one must be aware that the basal and stimulated samples for serum Tg measurement should be tested in the same assay, to avoid false-positive elevation caused by the intraassay coefficient of variation; and, even within the same assay, one has to be sure that minor elevations do not fall within the range of the interassay coefficient of variation. In patients with positive response to rhtsh, serum Tg started to rise as soon as d 2 in 45% of thecases, at d 3 in 32%, and afterd3in23%. In the last case, it is too late to administer a tracer dose of radioiodine for diagnostic WBS, taking advantage of the 2 previous injections of rhtsh. For 131-I imaging or therapy, a second course of rhtsh needs to be administered. A possible way to overcome this limitation might be to administer the tracer dose of radioiodine 72 h after the last injection of rhtsh. The feasibility of this approach needs to be addressed in future studies. As an alternative, the diagnostic WBS may be abandoned, and these patients may be directly scheduled for radioiodine therapy and posttherapy WBS in the hypothyroid state. In conclusion, our data indicate that Tg measurement, after rhtsh stimulation, represents a rapid, comfortable, and informative test to distinguish disease-free patients (not requiring a diagnostic 131-I WBS) from diseased patients (requiring further diagnostic and/or therapeutic procedures). On this basis, in patients with basal undetectable levels of serum Tg and negative anti-tg autoantibodies, we propose a diagnostic algorithm consisting of Tg measurements before and after rhtsh stimulation (d 4 and 5). Patients with a Tg response need to undergo diagnostic 131-I WBS (and/or other imaging techniques). Whether this diagnostic WBS should be performed under rhtsh stimulation or after thyroid hormone withdrawal is still debated. The general feeling is that the diagnostic hypothyroid WBS is more sensitive, as reported in the first phase III clinical study by Ladenson et al. (15), who found that the hypothyroid WBS was significantly superior to rhtsh WBS. However, this finding was not confirmed in the second phase III clinical trial by Haugen et al. (16) and, more recently, in the study by Robbins et al. (19). A possible alternative (that we favor) is to avoid the diagnostic WBS and to schedule the patient directly for 131-I therapy (after thyroid hormone withdrawal) and posttherapy WBS. Patients with no Tg response have no measurable disease and are highly likely to be in remission. These patients may safely continue their follow-up program based on periodical clinical evaluation, neck ultrasound, and serum Tg measurement, on l-t 4. Acknowledgments We thank Prof. Lucia Grasso for invaluable assistance in the validation of the Tg measurements. Received April 18, Accepted August 22, Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: F. Pacini, M.D., Department of Endocrinology, Via Paradisa, 2, Pisa, Italy. fpacini@endoc.med.unipi.it. This work was supported in part by grants from Associazione Italiana Ricerca sul Cancro, European Communities INCO-Copernicus projects IC-15-CT , and Ministero dell Università e della Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica * M.G.C. is a Fellow from the Clinical and Experimental Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, Italy. L.A. is a recipient of a fellowship from Federozione Italiana Ricerca sul Cancro. References 1. Mazzaferri E 1999 An overview of the management of papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid 9: Mazzaferri E, Jhang S 1994 Long term impact of initial surgical and medical therapy on papillary and follicular thyroid cancer. Am J Med 97: Hay I, Bergstralh E, Goellner J, Ebersold J, Grant C 1993 Predicting outcome in papillary thyroid carcinoma: development of a reliable prognostic scoring system in a cohort of 1779 patients surgically treated at one institution during 1940 through Surgery 114: Pacini F, Cetani F, Miccoli P, et al Outcome of 309 patients with metastatic differentiated thyroid carcinoma treated with radioiodine. World J Surg 18: Schlumberger M, Tubiana M, De Vathaire F, Hill C, Gardet P, Travagli JP 1986 Long-term results of treatment of 283 patients with lung and bone metastases from differentiated thyroid carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 63: Pacini F, Lari R, Mazzeo S, Grasso L, Taddei D, Pinchera A 1985 Diagnostic value of a single serum Tg determination on and off thyroid suppressive therapy in the follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 23: Schlumberger M 1998 Papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma. N Engl J Med 338: Pacini F, Pinchera A, Giani C, Grasso L, Baschieri L 1980 Serum thyroglobulin concentration and 131-I whole body scans in the diagnosis of metastases from differentiated thyroid carcinoma (after thyroidectomy). Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 13: Schlumberger M, Baudin E 1998 Serum thyroglobulin determination in the follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Eur J Endocrinol 138: Schlumberger M, Mancusi F, Baudin E, Pacini F I therapy for elevated thyroglobulin levels. Thyroid 7: Pacini F, Ceccarelli C, Elisei R, et al Serum thyroglobulin determination in thyroid cancer. A ten-year experience. In: Nagataki S, Torizuka K, eds. The thyroid. Amsterdam: Elsevier; Schlumberger M, Charbord P, Fragu P, Lumbroso J, Parmentier C, Tubiana M 1980 Circulating thyroglobulin and thyroid hormones in patients with metastases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma: relationship to serum thyrotropin levels. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 51: Dow K, Ferrel B, Anello C 1997 Quality-of-life changes in patients with thyroid cancer after withdrawal of thyroid hormone therapy. Thyroid 7: Maier CA, Braverman LE, Ebner SA, et al Diagnostic use of recombinant human thyrotropin in patients with thyroid carcinoma (phase I/II study). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 78: Ladenson PW, Braverman LE, Mazzaferri EL, et al Comparison of administration of recombinant human thyrotropin with withdrawal of thyroid hormone for radioactive iodine scanning in patients with thyroid carcinoma. N Engl J Med 337:
5 5690 J Clin Endocrinol Metab, December 2001, 86(12): Pacini et al. Serum Tg Measurement after rhtsh 16. Haugen BR, Pacini F, Reiners C, et al A comparison of recombinant human thyrotropin and thyroid hormone withdrawal for the detection of thyroid remnant or cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84: Schlumberger M, Ricard M, Pacini F 2000 Clinical use of recombinant human TSH in thyroid cancer patients. Eur J Endocrinol 143: Feldt-Rasmussen U, Profilis C, Colinet E, et al Human thyroglobulin reference material 1st part: assessment of homogeneity, stability and immunoreactivity. Ann Biol Clin (Paris) 54: Robbins RJ, Tuttle RM, Sharaf RN, et al Preparation by recombinant human thyrotropin or thyroid hormone withdrawal are comparable for the detection of residual differentiated thyroid carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86: Cailleux AF, Baudin E, Travagli GP, Ricard M, Schlumberger M 2000 Is diagnostic iodine-131 scanning useful after total thyroid ablation for differentiated thyroid cancer? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85: Pacini F, Lippi F, Formica N, et al Therapeutic doses of iodine-131 reveal undiagnosed metastases in thyroid cancer patients with detectable serum thyroglobulin levels. J Nucl Med 28: Schlumberger M, Arcangioli O, Piekarski JD, Tubiana M, Parmentier C 1988 Detection and treatment of lung metastases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma in patients with normal chest x-ray. J Nucl Med 29: Pineda JD, Lee T, Ain K, Reynolds JC, Robbins J 1995 Iodine-131 therapy for thyroid cancer patients with elevated thyroglobulin and negative diagnostic scan. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 80:
TOTAL OR NEAR-TOTAL thyroidectomy is advocated in
0013-7227/03/$15.00/0 The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 88(3):1107 1111 Printed in U.S.A. Copyright 2003 by The Endocrine Society doi: 10.1210/jc.2002-021365 Positive Predictive Value
More informationAlthough adequate treatment of differentiated thyroid
Serum Thyroglobulin Concentrations and 131 I Whole-Body Scan Results in Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma After Administration of Recombinant Human Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Alessia David,
More informationMOST PATIENTS WITH differentiated thyroid cancer
0021-972X/07/$15.00/0 The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 92(9):3542 3546 Printed in U.S.A. Copyright 2007 by The Endocrine Society doi: 10.1210/jc.2007-0225 A Comparison of 1850 (50 mci)
More informationDiagnostic 131 I whole body scanning after thyroidectomy and ablation for differentiated thyroid cancer
European Journal of Endocrinology (2004) 150 649 653 ISSN 0804-4643 CLINICAL STUDY Diagnostic 131 I whole body scanning after thyroidectomy and ablation for differentiated thyroid cancer Henry Taylor,
More informationRecombinant human TSH in radioiodine treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer
Nuclear Medicine Review 2004 Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 13 19 Copyright 2004 Via Medica ISSN 1506 9680 Recombinant human TSH in radioiodine treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer Roussanka D. Kovatcheva 1,
More informationI-131 ABLATION AND ADJUVANT THERAPY OF THYROID CANCER
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGISTS Advances in Medical and Surgical Management of Thyroid Cancer January 23-24, 2015 I-131 ABLATION AND ADJUVANT THERAPY OF THYROID CANCER 2015 Leonard Wartofsky,
More informationThyroid Cancer & rhtsh: When and How?
Thyroid Cancer & rhtsh: When and How? 8 th Postgraduate Course in Endocrine Surgery Capsis Beach, Crete, September 21, 2006 Quan-Yang Duh, Professor of Surgery, UCSF Increasing Incidence of Thyroid Cancer
More informationInternational Czech and Slovak cooperation in the treatment of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer
Nuclear Medicine Review 2006 Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 84 88 Copyright 2006 Via Medica ISSN 1506 9680 International Czech and Slovak cooperation in the treatment of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer
More informationCED-SOS Advice Report 5 EDUCATION AND INFORMATION 2012
CED-SOS Advice Report 5 EDUCATION AND INFORMATION 2012 Recombinant Humanized Thyroid Stimulating Hormone () Preparation Prior To Radioiodine Ablation in Patients Who Have Undergone Thyroidectomy for Papillary
More informationRESEARCH ARTICLE. Importance of Postoperative Stimulated Thyroglobulin Level at the Time of 131 I Ablation Therapy for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
RESEARCH ARTICLE Importance of Postoperative Stimulated Thyroglobulin Level at the Time of 131 I Ablation Therapy for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Zekiye Hasbek 1 *, Bulent Turgut 1, Fatih Kilicli 2,
More informationStrategies for detection of recurrent disease in longterm follow-up of differentiated thyroid cancer
Strategies for detection of recurrent disease in longterm follow-up of differentiated thyroid cancer A rational approach to longterm follow-up based on dynamic risk assessment. World Congress on Thyroid
More informationThis was a multinational, multicenter study conducted at 14 sites in both the United States (US) and Europe (EU).
These results are supplied for informational purposes only. Prescribing decisions should be made based on the approved package insert in the country of prescription. NAME OF SPONSOR/COMPANY: Genzyme Corporation,
More informationTHERAPEUTIC DOSES OF radioactive iodine ( 131 I; RAI)
0021-972X/04/$15.00/0 The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 89(7):3285 3289 Printed in U.S.A. Copyright 2004 by The Endocrine Society doi: 10.1210/jc.2003-031139 Rapid Rise in Serum Thyrotropin
More information저작권법에따른이용자의권리는위의내용에의하여영향을받지않습니다.
저작자표시 - 비영리 - 변경금지 2.0 대한민국 이용자는아래의조건을따르는경우에한하여자유롭게 이저작물을복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연및방송할수있습니다. 다음과같은조건을따라야합니다 : 저작자표시. 귀하는원저작자를표시하여야합니다. 비영리. 귀하는이저작물을영리목적으로이용할수없습니다. 변경금지. 귀하는이저작물을개작, 변형또는가공할수없습니다. 귀하는, 이저작물의재이용이나배포의경우,
More informationThyroid remnant volume and Radioiodine ablation in Differentiated thyroid carcinoma.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Thyroid remnant volume and Radioiodine ablation in Differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Md. Sayedur Rahman Miah, Md. Reajul Islam, Tanjim Siddika Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences,
More informationEMPIRIC 131 I TREATMENT OF HIGH THYROGLOBULIN LEVELS IN DIFFERENTIATED THYROID CARCINOMA AFTER REMNANT ABLATION
Acta Medica Mediterranea, 2014, 30: 503 EMPIRIC 131 I TREATMENT OF HIGH THYROGLOBULIN LEVELS IN DIFFERENTIATED THYROID CARCINOMA AFTER REMNANT ABLATION EBUZER KALENDER*, UMUT ELBOGA*, Y. ZEKI ÇELEN*, H.
More informationHong Kong SAR, China; 2 Department of Surgery, Division of Endocrine Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
Ann Surg Oncol (2012) 19:3479 3485 DOI 10.1245/s10434-012-2391-6 ORIGINAL ARTICLE ENDOCRINE TUMORS Is There a Role for Unstimulated Thyroglobulin Velocity in Predicting Recurrence in Papillary Thyroid
More informationAdjuvant therapy for thyroid cancer
Carcinoma of the thyroid Adjuvant therapy for thyroid cancer John Hay Department of Radiation Oncology Vancouver Cancer Centre Department of Surgery UBC 1% of all new malignancies 0.5% in men 1.5% in women
More informationClinical Policy Bulletin: Thyrogen (Thyrotropin Alfa)
Thyrogen (Thyrotropin Alfa) Page 1 of 9 Clinical Policy Bulletin: Thyrogen (Thyrotropin Alfa) Number: 0515 Policy Aetna considers administration of Thyrogen (thyrotropin alfa) medically necessary for the
More informationCarcinoma tiroideo differenziato: gestione della persistenza biochimica di malattia
Carcinoma tiroideo differenziato: gestione della persistenza biochimica di malattia Massimo Torlontano U.O. Endocrinologia IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Thyroid cancer Incidence 1975-2009 (USA)
More informationSerum thyroglobulin (Tg) monitoring is a vital component of the
41 Discordant Serum Thyroglobulin Results Generated by Two Classes of Assay in Patients with Thyroid Carcinoma Correlation with Clinical Outcome after 3 Years of Follow-Up David R. Weightman, Ph.D. 1 Ujjal
More informationCorrespondence should be addressed to Stan H. M. Van Uum;
Oncology Volume 2016, Article ID 6496750, 6 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6496750 Research Article Recombinant Human Thyroid Stimulating Hormone versus Thyroid Hormone Withdrawal for Radioactive
More informationDifferentiated Thyroid Cancer: Initial Management
Page 1 ATA HOME GIVE ONLINE ABOUT THE ATA JOIN THE ATA MEMBER SIGN-IN INFORMATION FOR PATIENTS FIND A THYROID SPECIALIST Home Management Guidelines for Patients with Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated
More informationRisk Adapted Follow-Up
Risk Adapted Follow-Up Individualizing Follow- Up Strategies R Michael Tuttle, MD Clinical Director, Endocrinology Service Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Professor of Medicine Weill Medical College
More informationTHYROID CANCER IN CHILDREN
THYROID CANCER IN CHILDREN Isabel ROCA, Montserrat NEGRE Joan CASTELL HU VALL HEBRON BARCELONA EPIDEMIOLOGY ADULTS males 1,2-2,6 cases /100.000 females 2,0-3,8 cases /100.000 0,02-0,3 / 100.000 children
More informationSuccess rate of thyroid remnant ablation for differentiated thyroid cancer based on 5550 MBq post-therapy scan
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Success rate of thyroid remnant ablation for differentiated thyroid cancer based on 5550 MBq post-therapy scan I. Hommel 1 *, G.F. Pieters 1, A.J.M. Rijnders 2, M.M. van Borren 3, H. de
More information14 Clinical Review Volume 2 No. 1, 2004
14 Clinical Review Volume 2 No. 1, 2004 CLINICAL REVIEW Well-Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma: A Review of the Available Follow-Up Modalities Taryn Davids, MD Ally P.H. Prebtani, MD ABSTRACT Well-differentiated
More informationHayes Martin died on Christmas Day I was a fellow on the head and neck service at
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Do All Cancers Need to Be Treated? The Role of Thyroglobulin in the Management of Thyroid Cancer The 2006 Hayes Martin Lecture Keith S. Heller, MD Hayes Martin died on Christmas Day 1977.
More informationMandana Moosavi 1 and Stuart Kreisman Background
Case Reports in Endocrinology Volume 2016, Article ID 6471081, 4 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6471081 Case Report A Case Report of Dramatically Increased Thyroglobulin after Lymph Node Biopsy in
More informationCase 4: Disseminated bone metastases from differentiated follicular thyroid cancer
Case 4: Disseminated bone metastases from differentiated follicular thyroid cancer Giuliano Mariani Regional Center of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pisa Medical School, Pisa (Italy) Disseminated bone
More informationDifferentiated Thyroid Cancer: Reclassification of the Risk of Recurrence Based on the Response to Initial Treatment
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Reclassification of the Risk of Recurrence Based on the Response to Initial Treatment Martínez MP, Lozano Bullrich MP, Rey M, Ridruejo MC, Bomarito MJ, Claus
More informationContext: Recent trial results have revived interest in low-activity initial 131 I therapy (RIT) of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC).
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Endocrine Care Long-Term Survival in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Is Worse After Low-Activity Initial Post-Surgical 131 I Therapy in Both High- and Low-Risk Patients Frederik A. Verburg,
More informationEndocrine, Original Article The Impact of Thyroid Stunning on Radioactive Iodine Ablation Compared to Other Risk Factors
68 Endocrine, Original Article The Impact of Thyroid Stunning on Radioactive Iodine Ablation Compared to Other Risk Factors Abd El-Kareem, M *, El-Refaie, SH *, Zaher, A **, Abo-Gaba, Ml * and Abdo, S
More informationFollow-up and management of differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a European perspective in clinical practice
European Journal of Endocrinology (2004) 151 539 548 ISSN 0804-4643 TOPIC FOR DISCUSSION Follow-up and management of differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a European perspective in clinical practice Martin
More informationOriginal Article INTRODUCTION. Eon Ju Jeon, Eui Dal Jung. 33
Original Article Endocrinol Metab 2014;29:33-39 http://dx.doi.org/10.3803/enm.2014.29.1.33 pissn 2093-596X eissn 2093-5978 Diagnostic Whole-Body Scan May Not Be Necessary for Intermediate-Risk Patients
More informationThyroid Nodules. Dr. HAKIMI, SpAK Dr. MELDA DELIANA, SpAK Dr. SISKA MAYASARI LUBIS, SpA
Thyroid Nodules ENDOCRINOLOGY DIVISION ENDOCRINOLOGY DIVISION Dr. HAKIMI, SpAK Dr. MELDA DELIANA, SpAK Dr. SISKA MAYASARI LUBIS, SpA Anatomical Considerations The Thyroid Nodule Congenital anomalies Thyroglossal
More informationClinical Application of Predictive Models for Health Promotion of Patients Undergoing Thyroidectomy
, pp.54-58 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/astl.2013 Clinical Application of Predictive Models for Health Promotion of Patients Undergoing Thyroidectomy Seong-Ran Lee¹ ¹Department of Medical Information, Kongju
More informationLow - dose radioiodine ablation of remnant thyroid in high - risk differentiated thyroid carcinoma
K. SUZUKI, et al : radioiodine ablation in DTC 141 J. Tokyo Med. Univ., 72 2 : 141-147, 2014 Low - dose radioiodine ablation of remnant thyroid in high - risk differentiated thyroid carcinoma Kunihito
More informationIl Follow-up Maria Grazia Castagna Università di Siena
SMPOSO La gestione del carcinoma differenziato della tiroide alla luce delle nuove linee guida l Follow-up Maria Grazia astagna Università di Siena 2009 2015 FOLLOW-UP SRAEGY Short term Long-term Surgery
More informationCase 5: Thyroid cancer in 42 yr-old woman with Graves disease
Case 5: Thyroid cancer in 42 yr-old woman with Graves disease Giuliano Mariani Regional Center of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pisa Medical School, Pisa (Italy) Thyroid cancer in 42 yr-old woman with
More informationReview Article Management of papillary and follicular (differentiated) thyroid carcinoma-an update
Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2010; 16(2): 126-130 Review Article Management of papillary and follicular (differentiated) thyroid carcinoma-an update Md. Abdul Mobin Choudhury 1, Md. Abdul Alim Shaikh
More informationTOP 20 - THYROID ARTICLES
TOP 20 - THYROID ARTICLES The following is a list of twenty outstanding articles which have occurred in the thyroid literature during the past few years. These articles have been selected by Jerome M.
More informationSCIENTIFIC DISCUSSION
London, 20 January 2005 Product Name: THYROGEN Procedure No.: EMEA/H/C/220/II/18 SCIENTIFIC DISCUSSION 7 Westferry Circus, Canary Wharf, London E14 4HB, UK Tel. (44-20) 74 18 84 00 Fax (44-20) 74 18 86
More informationOriginal Article. Maria Cristina Magracia Jauculan, Myrna Buenaluz-Sedurante, Cecilia Alegado Jimeno
Original Article Endocrinol Metab 2016;31:113-119 http://dx.doi.org/10.3803/enm.2016.31.1.113 pissn 2093-596X eissn 2093-5978 Risk Factors Associated with Disease Recurrence among Patients with Low-Risk
More informationCLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
THYROGEN Genzyme (thyrotropin alfa for injection) DESCRIPTION Thyrogen (thyrotropin alfa for injection) contains a highly purified recombinant form of human thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), a glycoprotein
More informationUniversity of Groningen
University of Groningen A Sensitive Tg Assay or rhtsh Stimulated Tg Persoon, Adrienne; Jager, Pieter L.; Sluiter, Wim J.; Plukker, John T.H.M.; Wolffenbutel, B.H.; Links, Thera Published in: PLoS ONE DOI:
More informationHow good are we at finding nodules? Thyroid Nodules Thyroid Cancer Epidemiology Initial management Long-term follow up Disease-free status
New Perspectives in Thyroid Cancer Jennifer Sipos, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine Division of Endocrinology The Ohio State University Outline Thyroid Nodules Thyroid Cancer Epidemiology Initial management
More informationPrior Authorization Review Panel MCO Policy Submission
Prior Authorization Review Panel MCO Policy Submission A separate copy of this form must accompany each policy submitted for review. Policies submitted without this form will not be considered for review.
More informationLife expectancy in differentiated thyroid cancer: a novel approach to survival analysis
Endocrine-Related Cancer (2005) 12 273 280 Life expectancy in differentiated thyroid cancer: a novel approach to survival analysis T P Links, K M van Tol, P L Jager 1, J Th M Plukker 2, D A Piers 1, H
More informationGerard M. Doherty, MD
Surgical Management of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Update on 2015 ATA Guidelines Gerard M. Doherty, MD Chair of Surgery Utley Professor of Surgery and Medicine Boston University Surgeon-in-Chief Boston
More informationFollow-up of patients with thyroglobulinantibodies: Rising Tg-Ab trend is a risk factor for recurrence of differentiated thyroid cancer
Endocrine Research ISSN: 0743-5800 (Print) 1532-4206 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ierc20 Follow-up of patients with thyroglobulinantibodies: Rising Tg-Ab trend is a risk factor
More informationCase-Based Discussion of Thyroid Cancer Therapy
Case-Based Discussion of Thyroid Cancer Therapy Matthew D. Ringel, MD Ralph W. Kurtz Chair and Professor of Medicine Director, Division of Endocrinology The Ohio State University Co-Leader, Molecular Biology
More informationPersistent & Recurrent Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Persistent & Recurrent Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Electron Kebebew University of California, San Francisco Department of Surgery Objectives Risk factors for persistent & recurrent disease Causes of
More informationA variation in recurrence patterns of papillary thyroid cancer with disease progression: A long-term follow-up study
ORIGINAL ARTICLE A variation in recurrence patterns of papillary thyroid cancer with disease progression: A long-term follow-up study Joon-Hyop Lee, MD, Yoo Seung Chung, MD, PhD,* Young Don Lee, MD, PhD
More informationMetastatic papillary thyroid cancers with malignant pleural effusion aggravated during thyroid hormone withdrawal for radioiodine therapy
CASE REPORT eissn 2384-0293 Yeungnam Univ J Med 2015;32(2):138-142 http://dx.doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2015.32.2.138 Metastatic papillary thyroid cancers with malignant pleural effusion aggravated during thyroid
More informationRESEARCH ARTICLE. Abstract. Introduction
RESEARCH ARTICLE Baseline Stimulated Thyroglobulin Level as a Good Predictor of Successful Ablation after Adjuvant Radioiodine Treatment for Differentiated Thyroid Cancers Nosheen Fatima 1, Maseeh uz Zaman
More informationFor more than half a century, radioactive iodine (RAI)
CLINICAL RESEARCH ARTICLE Second Radioiodine Treatment: Limited Benefit for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer With Locoregional Persistent Disease Dania Hirsch, 1,2 Alexander Gorshtein, 1,2 Eyal Robenshtok,
More informationrhtsh-aided radioiodine ablation and treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a comprehensive review
REVIEW Endocrine-Related Cancer (2005) 12 49 64 rhtsh-aided radioiodine ablation and treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a comprehensive review Markus Luster 1, Francesco Lippi 2, Barbara Jarzab
More informationA Review of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
A Review of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer April 21 st, 2016 FPON Webcast Jonn Wu BMSc MD FRCPC Radiation Oncologist, Vancouver Centre Chair, Provincial H&N Tumour Group, BCCA Clinical Associate Professor,
More informationChapter I.A.1: Thyroid Evaluation Laboratory Testing
Chapter I.A.1: Thyroid Evaluation Laboratory Testing Jennifer L. Poehls, MD and Rebecca S. Sippel, MD, FACS THYROID FUNCTION TESTS Overview Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is produced by the anterior
More informationIncidental versus clinically evident thyroid cancer: A 5-year follow-up study
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Incidental versus clinically evident : A 5-year follow-up study Michele N. Minuto, MD, PhD, 1 * Mario Miccoli, DStat, 2 David Viola, MD, 3 Clara Ugolini, MD, PhD, 1 Riccardo Giannini,
More informationA Risk-Adapted Approach to the Use of Radioactive Iodine and External Beam Radiation in the Treatment of Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Both radioactive iodine and external beam radiation can play roles in well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Rebecca Kinkead. Hula No. 3 (detail), 2010. Oil on canvas, 45 37. A Risk-Adapted Approach to the
More informationAnca M. Avram, M.D. Professor of Radiology
Thyroid Cancer Theranostics: the case for pre-treatment diagnostic staging 131-I scans for 131-I therapy planning Anca M. Avram, M.D. Professor of Radiology Department of Nuclear Medicine University of
More informationInmaculada Prior-Sanchez*, Ana Barrera Martın*, Estefanıa Moreno Ortega, Juan A. Vallejo Casas and Marıa A. Galvez Moreno*
Clinical Endocrinology (2017) 86, 97 107 doi: 10.1111/cen.13140 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Is a second recombinant human thyrotropin stimulation test useful? The value of postsurgical undetectable stimulated thyroglobulin
More informationRole of Radio-Iodine Ablation According to Risk Stratification in Well Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Journal of the Egyptian Nat. Cancer Inst., Vol. 13, No. 1, March: 6369, 2001 Role of RadioIodine Ablation According to Risk Stratification in Well Differentiated Thyroid Cancer HOSNA MOUSTAFA, M.D.*; SHEREEN
More informationPediatric Thyroid Cancer Lung Metastases. Liora Lazar MD
Pediatric Thyroid Cancer Lung Metastases Liora Lazar MD Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) The 3rd most common solid tumor in childhood and adolescence Accounting for 1.5%-3% of all childhood cancers
More informationJudicious use of recombinant TSH in the management of differentiated thyroid carcinoma
DOI 10.1007/s12149-010-0404-8 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Judicious use of recombinant TSH in the management of differentiated thyroid carcinoma Muhammad Umar Khan Mohammad Khalid Nawaz Mazhar Ali Shah Aamir Ali
More information131-I Therapy Planning in Thyroid Cancer: The role of diagnostic radioiodine scans
131-I Therapy Planning in Thyroid Cancer: The role of diagnostic radioiodine scans Anca M. Avram, M.D. Associate Professor of Radiology Department of Nuclear Medicine University of Michigan Ann Arbor,
More information1. Protocol Summary Summary of Trial Design. IoN
1. Protocol Summary 1.1. Summary of Trial Design Title: Short Title/acronym: IoN Is ablative radioiodine Necessary for low risk differentiated thyroid cancer patients IoN EUDRACT no: 2011-000144-21 Sponsor
More informationJournal of Nuclear Medicine, published on August 14, 2008 as doi: /jnumed
Journal of Nuclear Medicine, published on August 14, 2008 as doi:10.2967/jnumed.108.052464 I Effective Half-Life and Dosimetry in Thyroid Cancer Patients Hervé Remy 1, Isabelle Borget 2, Sophie Leboulleux
More informationThyroid carcinoma. Assoc. prof. V. Marković, MD, PhD Assoc. prof. A. Punda, MD, PhD D. Brdar, MD, nucl. med. spec.
Thyroid carcinoma Assoc. prof. V. Marković, MD, PhD Assoc. prof. A. Punda, MD, PhD D. Brdar, MD, nucl. med. spec. Thyroid tumors PRIMARY TUMORS Tumors of the follicular epithelium : - Tumors of the follicular
More informationAssociation between prognostic factors and clinical outcome of well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma: A retrospective 10-year follow-up study
ONCOLOGY LETTERS 10: 1749-1754, 2015 Association between prognostic factors and clinical outcome of well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma: A retrospective 10-year follow-up study SHANGTONG LEI 1, ZIHAI
More informationRESEARCH ARTICLE. Comparison of Presentation and Clinical Outcome between Children and Young Adults with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
RESEARCH ARTICLE Comparison of Presentation and Clinical Outcome between Children and Young Adults with Jian-Tao Wang 1,2&, Rui Huang 1&, An-Ren Kuang 1 * Abstract Background: The aim of the present study
More informationImaging in Thyroid Cancer
Imaging in Thyroid Cancer Susan J. Mandel MD MPH University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Philadelphia, PA I-123 Ultrasound Background Radioiodine ablation of thyroid remnants after surgery is a generally
More informationFrontiers in Diagnosis and Management. SEPTEMBER, TH 2014 Auditorium Centro Congressi Frentani Via dei Frentani, 4 - Rome
Frontiers in Diagnosis and Management SEPTEMBER, 12-13 TH 2014 Auditorium Centro Congressi Frentani Via dei Frentani, 4 - Rome WWW.ROMATIROIDE.IT Frontiers in Diagnosis and Management PROGRAM Friday -
More informationAccepted 31 August 2007 Published online 20 December 2007 in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: /hed.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF POSTSURGICAL STIMULATED THYROGLOBULIN LEVELS AFTER INITIAL RADIOACTIVE IODINE THERAPY IN WELL-DIFFERENTIATED THYROID CARCINOMA Anna M. Sawka, MD, PhD, FRCPC, 1 Steven
More informationThyroid Cancer: Imaging Techniques (Nuclear Medicine)
Thyroid Cancer: Imaging Techniques (Nuclear Medicine) Andrei Iagaru, MD MIPS Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford Stanford University School of Medicine Department of Radiology Introduction Ø There are
More informationDisclosures. Learning objectives. Case 1A. Autoimmune Thyroid Disease: Medical and Surgical Issues. I have nothing to disclose.
Disclosures Autoimmune Thyroid Disease: Medical and Surgical Issues I have nothing to disclose. Chrysoula Dosiou, MD, MS Clinical Assistant Professor Division of Endocrinology Stanford University School
More informationPathological N1b Node Metastasis Itself Can Be Still a Valid Prognostic Factor in PTC after High Dose RAI Therapy
ORIGINAL ARTICLE pissn: 2384-3799 eissn: 2466-1899 Int J Thyroidol 2016 November 9(2): 159-167 https://doi.org/10.11106/ijt.2016.9.2.159 Pathological N1b Node Metastasis Itself Can Be Still a Valid Prognostic
More informationSodium±iodide symporter (NIS) gene expression in lymph-node metastases of papillary thyroid carcinomas
European Journal of Endocrinology (2000) 143 623±627 ISSN 0804-4643 CLINICAL STUDY Sodium±iodide symporter (NIS) gene expression in lymph-node metastases of papillary thyroid carcinomas F Arturi, D Russo
More informationUsefulness of low iodine diet in managing patients with differentiated thyroid cancer - initial results
research article 189 Usefulness of low iodine diet in managing patients with differentiated thyroid cancer - initial results Margareta Dobrenic, Drazen Huic, Marijan Zuvic, Darko Grosev, Ratimir Petrovic,
More information42 yr old male with h/o Graves disease and prior I 131 treatment presents with hyperthyroidism and undetectable TSH. 2 hr uptake 20%, 24 hr uptake 50%
Pinhole images of the neck are acquired in multiple projections, 24hrs after the oral administration of approximately 200 µci of I123. Usually, 24hr uptake value if also calculated (normal 24 hr uptake
More informationoriginal article INTRODUCTION According to the American Thyroid Association ABSTRACT
original article Recombinant human TSH versus thyroid hormone withdrawal in adjuvant therapy with radioactive iodine of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma and clinically apparent lymph node metastases
More informationEuropean consensus for the management of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma of the follicular epithelium
European Journal of Endocrinology (2006) 154 787 803 ISSN 0804-4643 CONSENSUS STATEMENT European consensus for the management of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma of the follicular epithelium
More informationManagement of Recurrent Thyroid Cancer
Management of Recurrent Thyroid Cancer Eric Genden, MD, MHA Isidore Professor and Chairman Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery Senior Associate Dean for Clinical Affairs The Icahn School
More informationImaging in Pediatric Thyroid disorders: US and Radionuclide imaging. Deepa R Biyyam, MD Attending Pediatric Radiologist
Imaging in Pediatric Thyroid disorders: US and Radionuclide imaging Deepa R Biyyam, MD Attending Pediatric Radiologist Imaging in Pediatric Thyroid disorders: Imaging modalities Outline ACR-SNM-SPR guidelines
More informationMINI-REVIEW. Controversies about Radioactive Iodine-131 Remnant Ablation in Low Risk Thyroid Cancers: Are We Near A Consensus?
MINI-REVIEW Controversies about Radioactive Iodine-131 Remnant Ablation in Low Risk Thyroid Cancers: Are We Near A Consensus? Maseeh Uz Zaman 1 *, Nosheen Fatima 2, Ajit Kumar Padhy 3, Unaiza Zaman 4 Abstract
More informationKey Topics in Thyroid Cancer Worldwide epidemic What Should the Endocrinologist and Surgeon do?
Key Topics in Thyroid Cancer Worldwide epidemic What Should the Endocrinologist and Surgeon do? Martin Schlumberger Gustave Presenter Roussy Name and Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France 1 Disclosure
More informationKey Words. Thyroid cancer Age Prognostic indicators Cancer stage
The Oncologist The Oncologist CME Program is located online at http://cme.theoncologist.com/. To take the CME activity related to this article, you must be a registered user. Endocrinology Understanding
More informationFULL PAPER. Tc-99m MIBI SCINTIGRAPHY IN FOLLOW-UP OF POST-THERAPY DIFFERENTIATED THYROID CARCINOMA (DTC)
FULL PAPER Tc-99m MIBI SCINTIGRAPHY IN FOLLOW-UP OF POST-THERAPY DIFFERENTIATED THYROID CARCINOMA (DTC) Yudistiro R, Kartamihardja AHS, and Masjhur JS Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine
More informationPreoperative Evaluation
Preoperative Evaluation Lateral compartment lymph nodes are easier to detect and are amenable to FNA Central compartment lymph nodes are much more difficult to detect and FNA (Tg washout testing is compromised)
More informationManaging Thyroid Cancer Without Thyroxine Withdrawal. artigo original
Managing Thyroid Cancer Without Thyroxine Withdrawal artigo original ABSTRACT Thyroxine (T4) withdrawal or recombinant TSH is used for the stimulation of thyroglobulin (Tg), whole-body scanning (WBS) and
More informationTHYROGLOBULIN: CURRENT STATUS IN DIFFERENTIATED THYROID CARCINOMA (REVIEW)
ENDOCRINE REGULATIONS VOL. 40, 53-67, 2006 53 THYROGLOBULIN: CURRENT STATUS IN DIFFERENTIATED THYROID CARCINOMA (REVIEW) K. HARISH Department of Surgical Oncology, M. S. Ramaiah Medical College & Hospital,
More informationEvaluating the Prognostic Factors Associated with Cancer-specific Survival of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma Presenting with Distant Metastasis
Ann Surg Oncol (2013) 20:1329 1335 DOI 10.1245/s10434-012-2711-x ORIGINAL ARTICLE ENDOCRINE TUMORS Evaluating the Prognostic Factors Associated with Cancer-specific Survival of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma
More informationCase Report Durable Effect of Radioactive Iodine in a Patient with Metastatic Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma
Case Reports in Endocrinology Volume 2012, Article ID 231912, 5 pages doi:10.1155/2012/231912 Case Report Durable Effect of Radioactive Iodine in a Patient with Metastatic Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma
More informationDr J K Jekel Dept. Surgery University of Pretoria
Dr J K Jekel Dept. Surgery University of Pretoria No Maybe ( T`s and C`s apply ) 1. Total thyroidectomy 2. Neck dissection only if nodes are involved 3. Ablative dose or doses of Radioactive Iodine 4.
More information2015 American Thyroid Association Thyroid Nodule and Cancer Guidelines
2015 American Thyroid Association Thyroid Nodule and Cancer Guidelines Angela M. Leung, MD, MSc, ECNU November 5, 2016 Outline Workup of nontoxic thyroid nodule(s) Ultrasound FNAB Management of FNAB results
More informationThyroglobulin Interference in the Determination of Thyroglobulin Antibody in Wash-Out Fluid from Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy of Lymph Node
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Thyroglobulin Interference in the Determination of Thyroglobulin Antibody in Wash-Out Fluid from Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy of Lymph Node Ibáñez N 1, Cavallo A.C 2, Smithuis F 1, Negueruela
More informationRadioiodine-refractory DTC
Oncology: Radioiodine-refractory DTC New Developments in Giuseppe COSTANTE, MD, Head, Endocrinology Clinic Institut Jules Bordet Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.) Targeted Therapies Targeted Treatments
More information