Motivation. Kinds of Drives. Why do people do the things they do? reflexes. learned (conditioned) behaviors. cognition. regulatory.
|
|
- Berenice Haynes
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Motivation Why do people do the things they do? reflexes simple, unlearned responses to specific stimuli -often mediated by direct connections in spinal cord learned (conditioned) behaviors physiological needs drives increase likelihood of behavior cognition thoughts, beliefs and strategies about consciously directed behaviors that best satisfy drives What are the basic drives? Why are some things more motivating (reinforcing) than others? Kinds of Drives regulatory primary biological maintenance survival regulated by homeostasis breathing, hunger, thirst, pain, sleep non-regulatory long-term maintenance sex, attachment, nurture, novelty, aggression long-term comfort self-esteem, power, achievement, self-actualization we ll come back to these in Ch. 15 1
2 Homeostatis homo (equal) + stasis (state) body s maintenance of a constant state e.g., body temperature, blood glucose, salts in bodily fluids, sympathetic vs. parasympathetic NS analogy: thermostat set point = optimal level Just right Too much Just right Too much Just right Too much Stable internal state Deviation produces a drive e.g., too little food hunger Drive gives motivation to restore homeostasis e.g., hunger eating satiation Hypothalamus hub for drive systems closely linked to the hippocampus (memory), amygdala (emotion), pituitary gland (releases hormones) and cerebral cortex (cognition) If I had to give up just a cubic millimeter of tissue from some part of my brain, the last place I would want it taken from is the hypothalamus. -- Peter Gray example of a regulatory drive mediated by homeostatis clear biological basis with environmental influences 2
3 Lateral Hypothalamus hunger centre neural recording food conditioned stimulus associated with food stimulation eating lesions starvation Ventromedial Hypothalamus satiation centre stimulation rats don t eat lesions rats become obese Eat Increase in blood glucose above set point Accumulation of body fat above set point Inhibit LH Excite VMH Hunger Satiety Excite LH Inhibit VMH Decrease in blood glucose below set point Decrease in body fat below set point Stop Eating 3
4 Study this on your own Peter Gray FQ 6-10 esp. Fig. 6.4 Tuesday s Test Yourself question will be based on the various factors that control hunger Twin Studies Optional refresher: Gray p. 58 Identical Twins monozygotic (MZ): originate from one zygote 1 zygote = 1 sperm + 1 egg 100% relatedness Fraternal Twins dizygotic (DZ): originate from two separate zygotes 50% relatedness same as any two siblings Logic of Twin Studies Both identical and fraternal twins share the same environment (same age, same parents) Only MZ twins share exactly the same genes Concordance: both twins share the same trait Discordance: one twin has a trait that the other doesn t When we observe a trait exhibiting high concordance for MZ but not DZ twins, we can conclude the trait is strongly affected by genetics 4
5 Comparison of Concordance Rates Between MZ & DZ Twins TRAIT Blood type Eye color Mental retardation Measles Idiopathic epilepsy Schizophrenia Diabetes Identical allergy Tuberculosis MZ (%) DZ (%) Adoption Studies Examine whether adopted children bear a greater resemblance to their biological parents and siblings or their adoptive parents and siblings Can suggest whether genes or environment play a greater role (nature vs. nurture) Genetic Factors in Obesity Adoption Study (Sorensen et al., 1992) weight of adopted children is more correlated with biological parents than adoptive parents Twin Study (Bouchard et al., 1990) 12 pairs of identical male twins were given an extra 1000 calories per day above the amount required to maintain their initial weight The weight that an individual gained was very similar to the weight gained by his twin...and showed the same distribution on the body Change in weight (twin B) Change in weight (twin A) 5
6 Obesity may reflect a thrifty gene - - one that promotes efficient metabolism when feasts are few and famines frequent Why Obesity? Although this gene may have been beneficial in other environments, it may be maladaptive in modern society where food is ample and encouraged Dieting gaining/losing weight can be very difficult WWII studies male prisoners ate 7,000 calories per day for 6 mos. most gained < 40 lbs (expected: 170 lbs) eventually stopped gaining weight upon cessation, most returned to initial rate (except those with family history of obesity) semistarvation in non-military volunteers most men lost ~25% of body weight frequent psychological problems some men had problems losing > 10 lbs. Dieting affects your set point Set Point 150 lbs Too much Set Point 150 lbs Too much 150 lbs Set Point Too much 130 lbs 170 lbs 130 lbs 170 lbs 130 lbs 170 lbs Before dieting During dieting After dieting yo-yo dieting makes you gain weight long-term lifestyle changes and gradual weight loss much better than short-term diet blitzes eat less, exercise more being fit is more important than being thin cutting down on carbs (esp. simple carbs = sugar) may help Atkins diet low carbs, high protein & fat seems to work but controversial nutritionists recommend low fat 6
7 Eating Disorders Anorexia Nervosa signs refusal to maintain normal body weight (< 85% of expected weight) intense fear of gaining weight disturbed body image amenorrhea (missed at least 3 menstrual periods) usually begins in adolescence in upper-class Caucasian girls 15-20% eventually die from the disorder Christy Henrich, Olympic gymnast, 11 months before her death in years old, 4 10, 60 pounds Bulimia Nervosa signs binge eating inappropriate behavior to prevent weight gain (vomiting, laxatives, fasting, excessive exercise) typically affects average and slightly overweight women also primarily upper-class Caucasian women but more common in men and minorities than anorexia seldom fatal but causes health problems Cultural Ideals ideal female form has changed over time fertility goddess 30,000 years ago Rubens 1639 Kate Moss 1994 cultures tend to value what is rare and difficult to achieve in some developing countries in Africa, obesity is considered a sign of being upper class in most developed countries where food is ample, obesity is undesirable 1. Which body for your sex would be your ideal? 2. Which body would the opposite sex find most attractive? 3. Which body is most typical the modern average in our society? 7
8 Special K ad Ironically, she s the one worried about her weight. Keep your expectations reasonable and stay healthy! 8
9 androgens Sex Drive: Hormones main class of male hormones testosterone estrogens differences in testosterone levels during development can determine sex differences primary sex characteristics (genitalia) secondary sex characteristics (e.g., body hair) brain development» different for gay men? related to sex drive in both sexes (but not as strongly in females) high testosterone correlated with higher rates of sexual activity main class of female hormones lead to breast development, widened hips and rounded body contours estrogen levels do not correlate well with sexual interest Sex Drive: Other Factors Cultural influences education, religion, culture, peer attitudes more influential for women Situations more influential for women Genetics affects sexual orientation twin/adoption studies suggest genetic component to homosexuality evidence for genetic markers for homosexuality in men but not women 9
10 What do women want? Men who like children Men with good social status Older men Men with good financial prospects What do men want? Physical attractiveness In some cultures, chastity Sex, sex, sex (Clark & Hatfield, 1989) Attractive men and women hired to approach strangers of the opposite sex on a college campus "I have been noticing you around campus. I find you very attractive." 1. "Would you go out with me tonight?" 2. "Would you come over to my apartment tonight?" 3. "Would you go to bed with me tonight?" What do people look for in partners? Single female, aged 25, seeks welleducated, established male, aged 22-28, interested in long-term relationship and children. Must be kind, generous and dependable. Single male, aged 30, who likes having fun seeks slim attractive female, I m tall, handsome and athletic. 10
11 How would evolutionary biologists explain this pattern? rats (Olds & Milner, 1950s) Pleasure Centre place an electrode in various brain structures bar pressing causes electrode stimulation at most locations no effect at a few locations (associated with hypothalamus or limbic system), rats would continuously press bar to receive self-stimulation e.g., > 7,000X/hour for many hours rats would choose self-stimulation over food and water even though they would become exhausted and die of starvation humans stimulation of certain sites (associated with limbic system) can be pleasurable in a sexual sort of way or a happy drunk way Could this type of reward be an all-purpose motivation/reward centre? Dopamine and Reward many of the pleasure centres contain dopaminergic neurons dopamine is released during many rewarding activities (e.g., eating when you re hungry) dopamine agonists increase self-stimulation of pleasure centres dopamine antagonists decrease self-stimulation of pleasure centres many highly-addictive drugs (heroin, nicotine, cocaine) enhance dopamine 11
Motivation. simple, unlearned responses to specific stimuli -often mediated by direct connections in spinal cord
Motivation Why do people do the things they do? reflexes simple, unlearned responses to specific stimuli -often mediated by direct connections in spinal cord learned (conditioned) behaviors physiological
More informationMotivation and Emotion deals with the drives and incentives behind everyday thoughts and actions.
Motivation and Emotion deals with the drives and incentives behind everyday thoughts and actions. Motivation- A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior primarily based on our instincts that
More informationHunger Motivation. Human beings get hungry and need to eat, do so, and then get full, which is the point at which they cannot eat anymore (satiety).
Hunger Motivation Human beings get hungry and need to eat, do so, and then get full, which is the point at which they cannot eat anymore (satiety). Researchers have investigated which signals from the
More informationMotivation and Emotion
Motivation and Emotion Definitions Motivation: what drives us to seek a specific goal Emotion: a state of body that causes feelings. Both involve physiological and psychological factors. Physiological
More informationAP PSYCH Unit 8A.1 Motivational Concepts & Hunger
AP PSYCH Unit 8A.1 Motivational Concepts & Hunger What is motivation? What motivates you? From what 4 perspectives do psychologists view motivated behavior? Are You Motivated? Motivation - a need or desire
More informationChapter 11. Motivation and Emotion
Motivation and Emotion Psychology, Fifth Edition, James S. Nairne What s It For? Motivation and Emotion Activating Behavior Meeting Biological Needs Hunger and Eating Sexual Behavior Expressing and Experiencing
More informationMotivation and its sources
Motivation What is motivation? Why do we help others? Why do we go on a diet? Why do we eat whatever we want? Why do we get out of bed? Why do we get married? Why do we work? Why do we have kids? Why do
More information7. A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
1. Interview process that asks the same job-relevant questions of all applicants each of whom is rated on established scales 2. Goal-oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work, and focuses
More informationMyers Psychology for AP*
Myers Psychology for AP* David G. Myers PowerPoint Presentation Slides by Kent Korek Germantown High School Worth Publishers, 2010 *AP is a trademark registered and/or owned by the College Board, which
More informationMotivation an internal state that activates behavior and directs it toward a goal
Chapter 12 Motivation and Emotion Sec 1: Theories of Motivation Motivation an internal state that activates behavior and directs it toward a goal 1. Instinct Theory a. Instincts innate tendencies that
More informationGeneral Psychology 201 Motivation and Emotion
General Psychology 201 Motivation and Emotion LP 9A Theories of motivation 1 Motivation Perspectives on motivation Evolution, instincts and genes Homeostasis and drives Incentives and expectancies Psychodynamic
More informationHunger Motivation. Human beings get hungry and need to eat, do so, and then get full, which is the point at which they cannot eat anymore (satiety).
Hunger Motivation Human beings get hungry and need to eat, do so, and then get full, which is the point at which they cannot eat anymore (satiety). Researchers have investigated which signals from the
More informationdrive-reduction theory
motivation hierarchy of neds instinct glucose drive-reduction theory set point homeostasis basal metabolic rate incentive anorexia nervosa 1a Maslow's pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with
More informationThree Minute Review: Motivation 1. Test Yourself. You asked. Sex What determines sex drive? Hormones androgens estrogens
Sex What determines sex drive? Hormones androgens estrogens Cultural influences and situations more important to women Genetics Is there a gay gene? Sex Differences in Sex Drive Women status, money, age,
More informationPsychology in Your Life
Sarah Grison Todd Heatherton Michael Gazzaniga Psychology in Your Life SECOND EDITION Chapter 2 The Role of Biology in Psychology 1 2016 W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. 2.1 How Do Our Nervous Systems Affect
More informationEmotions: Why do we care? Emotions impact our decision making skills
The Emotional Brain Emotions: Why do we care? Emotions impact our decision making skills Emotions: Why do we care? Emotions impact our decision making skills Think about patients with frontal lobe injuries
More informationRecap: Introduction & History of Motivation & Emotion (Lecture 01 - Ch 1 & 2, Reeve, 2009)
Recap: Introduction & History of Motivation & Emotion (Lecture 01 - Ch 1 & 2, Reeve, 2009) 3 Learning outcomes 1. Drives and instincts 2. Theories of motivation, consciousness and volitional behaviour,
More informationIngestive Behavior: Feeding & Weight Regulation. Hypovolemic vs. Osmotic Thirst
Ingestive Behavior: Feeding & Weight Regulation 1 Hypovolemic Thirst Receptors, CNS, Responses Salt Appetite Digestive components Glucose Homeostasis: Insulin & Glucagon Diabetes Mellitus 1 & 2 CNS Hypothalamic
More informationGenetics of Behavior (Learning Objectives)
Genetics of Behavior (Learning Objectives) Recognize that behavior is multi-factorial with genetic components Understand how multi-factorial traits are studied. Explain the terms: prevalence, incidence,
More informationPsychology Your Life
Sarah Grison Todd Heatherton Michael Gazzaniga Psychology Your Life SECOND EDITION Chapter 11 Health and Well-Being 1 2016 W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. 11.1 What Affects Our Health? Health psychology A
More informationName: Period: Reading Guide Chapter 11: Motivation & Work
Name: Period: Reading Guide Chapter 11: Motivation & Work 1 Motivation & Work (pp. 443-464) Before reading SURVEY pp. 443-464. Look at the pictures, tables, cartoons, read any quotations and anything else
More informationChapter 12,13 &14. Motivation, Emotion, Stress & Health
Chapter 12,13 &14 Motivation, Emotion, Stress & Health Motivation Motivation a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior Instinct complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species
More informationAcetylcholine (ACh) Action potential. Agonists. Drugs that enhance the actions of neurotransmitters.
Acetylcholine (ACh) The neurotransmitter responsible for motor control at the junction between nerves and muscles; also involved in mental processes such as learning, memory, sleeping, and dreaming. (See
More informationBasic Brain Structure
The Human Brain Basic Brain Structure Composed of 100 billion cells Makes up 2% of bodies weight Contains 15% of bodies blood supply Uses 20% of bodies oxygen and glucose Brain Protection Surrounded by
More informationCHAPTER 11 CHAPTER OUTLINE
CHAPTER 11 CHAPTER OUTLINE Module 11.1: Work Motivation 1) A behavior is considered motivated if it seems goal-directed. One view of motivation is that it activates and directs behavior. Another is that
More informationThree Minute Review: Motivation 1. Test Yourself Sex. Dimensions of Emotion
Three Minute Review: Motivation 1 what drives people to behave the way they do? regulatory drives non-regulatory drives hypothalamus Hunger homeostasis thermostat analogy tiny area, important functions,
More informationClarifying Objective
What is a diet? Essential Standard 8.NPA.3 - Analyze the relationship of nutrition, fitness, and healthy weight management to the prevention of diseases such as diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases,
More informationVisualizing Psychology
Visualizing Psychology by Siri Carpenter Karen Huffman PowerPoint Lecture Notes Presentation Chapter 11: Motivation and Emotion Siri Carpenter, Yale University Karen Huffman, Palomar College Lecture Overview
More informationIndividual Differences
Statistical Infrequency Defining Psychological Abnormality Failure to function adequately Deviation from social norms Deviation from ideal mental health Clinical Characteristics Individual Differences
More informationNeuro-Physiology Kamal Mohammed Lecturer Of Physiology LECTURE NO (-) Hypothalamus. Faculty Of Medicine Dept.Of Physiology
LECTURE NO (-) Neuro-Physiology Kamal Mohammed Lecturer Of Physiology Hypothalamus Faculty Of Medicine Dept.Of Physiology Hypothalamus Less than 1% of the brain mass Many connect the hypothalamus to the
More informationChapter 7 Motivation and Emotion
Chapter 7 Motivation and Emotion Emotion Emotion a response of the whole organism physiological arousal expressive behaviors conscious experience Eight Basic Emotions Fear Surprise Disgust Anger Sadness
More informationNeuroscience. Neuroscience: The Brain and Behavior 1/11/2010. The Brain and Behavior
Neuroscience The Brain and Behavior Neuroscience: The Brain and Behavior I. How is the Nervous System Organized? II. Methods of Studying the Brain III. How Does the Brain Function? IV. What Effects Do
More informationEating Disorders. Eating Disorders. Anorexia Nervosa. Chapter 11. The main symptoms of anorexia nervosa are:
Eating Disorders Chapter 11 Slides & Handouts by Karen Clay Rhines, Ph.D. Northampton Community College Comer, Abnormal Psychology, 8e Eating Disorders It has not always done so, but Western society today
More informationIII. Eating A. What Starts a Meal? 1. Physiological Factors (when to eat)
Chapter 13: Motivation, Emotions, and Health A. Motivation-internal processes that serve to activate, guide, and maintain our behavior B. Emotions-reactions consisting of physiological reactions subjective
More informationΝευροφυσιολογία και Αισθήσεις
Biomedical Imaging & Applied Optics University of Cyprus Νευροφυσιολογία και Αισθήσεις Διάλεξη 16 Κίνητρα Συμπεριφοράς ή Υποκίνηση (Motivation) Introduction Types of behavior Unconscious reflexes Voluntary
More informationThe Emotional Nervous System
The Emotional Nervous System Dr. C. George Boeree Emotion involves the entire nervous system, of course. But there are two parts of the nervous system that are especially significant: The limbic system
More informationChapter 8: Section 1: F
Chapter 8: Weight Ma nagement and Eating Beh aviors Section 1: F ood and Yo ur Body We ight Learning Objective Ø IWBAT Identify factors that in
More informationEating Disorder information:
Eating Disorder information: The most common behavior that will lead to an eating disorder is dieting. Body shape and weight overly influence self-image It is estimated that currently 11% of high school
More informationFemale Athlete Triad. Shea Teresi. SUNY Oneonta
1 Female Athlete Triad Shea Teresi SUNY Oneonta 2 Physical activity, along with eating nutritiously, are a very important and essential aspect in maintaining a healthy lifestyle for both men and women.
More informationUnit 3: The Biological Bases of Behaviour
Unit 3: The Biological Bases of Behaviour Section 1: Communication in the Nervous System Section 2: Organization in the Nervous System Section 3: Researching the Brain Section 4: The Brain Section 5: Cerebral
More informationChallenges of Adolescence. Chapter 11 - Adolescence
Challenges of Adolescence Chapter 11 - Adolescence Eating Disorders Anorexia Nervosa Bulimia Magazines Diet Articles in 1920 s- 0 Diet Articles 1930 s and 1940 sone diet article for every ten issues. Diet
More informationEATING DISORDERS AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE. Margot L. Waitz, DO October 7, 2017 AOAAM - OMED
EATING DISORDERS AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE Margot L. Waitz, DO October 7, 2017 AOAAM - OMED OBJECTIVES Review criteria for diagnosis of several eating disorders Discuss co-morbidity of substance abuse in patients
More informationPSYCHOLOGY. Chapter 10 MOTIVATION AND EMOTION PowerPoint Image Slideshow
PSYCHOLOGY Chapter 10 MOTIVATION AND EMOTION PowerPoint Image Slideshow How do you know when you are motivated? Motivation is the process that starts, directs, and sustains activities to meet one s goals
More informationVocab Term Definition of Term Example
Chapter and Topic of this Review Guide: Chapter 12 - Motivation. Vocab Term Definition of Term Example Motivation Need Drive Response Goal Incentive Value Internal processes that initiate, sustain, and
More informationLESSON 3.4 WORKBOOK. Can you become addicted to food?
DEFINITIONS OF TERMS Dopamine A compound that sends signals from one neuron to another, and is made from the amino acid tyrosine. Dopamine reward pathway A circuit in the brain that when activated leads
More informationNUTRITION. Chapter 4 Lessons 5-6
NUTRITION Chapter 4 Lessons 5-6 BODY IMAGE Body image can be influenced by the attitudes of family and friends and images from the media. body image The way you see your body Trying to change your weight
More informationLecture 01 and 02 recap: Introduction (Ch 1) History (Ch 2) (Reeve, 2015)
Lecture 01 and 02 recap: Introduction (Ch 1) History (Ch 2) (Reeve, 2015) 3 Two perennial questions What causes (starts, maintains, stops) behaviour? Why does behaviour vary in its intensity? Based on
More informationLecture 01 and 02 recap:
Lecture 01 and 02 recap: Introduction (Ch 1) History (Ch 2) Two perennial questions What causes (starts, maintains, stops) behaviour? Why does behaviour vary in its intensity? (Reeve, 2015) 3 Based on
More informationAppendix Table 1. Operationalization in the CIDI of criteria for DSM-IV eating disorders and related entities Criteria* Operationalization from CIDI
Appendix Table 1. Operationalization in the CIDI of criteria for DSM-IV eating disorders and related entities Criteria* Operationalization from CIDI 1 Anorexia Nervosa A. A refusal to maintain body weight
More informationIntroduction to Systems Neuroscience. Nov. 28, The limbic system. Daniel C. Kiper
Introduction to Systems Neuroscience Nov. 28, 2017 The limbic system Daniel C. Kiper kiper@ini.phys.ethz.ch http: www.ini.unizh.ch/~kiper/system_neurosci.html LIMBIC SYSTEM The term limbic system mean
More informationThe Nervous System. Biological School. Neuroanatomy. How does a Neuron fire? Acetylcholine (ACH) TYPES OF NEUROTRANSMITTERS
Biological School The Nervous System It is all about the body!!!! It starts with an individual nerve cell called a NEURON. Synapse Neuroanatomy Neurotransmitters (chemicals held in terminal buttons that
More informationInternal Regulation II Energy
Internal Regulation II Energy Reading: BCP Chapter 16 lookfordiagnosis.com Homeostasis Biologically, what is necessary for life is a coordinated set of chemical reactions. These reactions take place in
More informationFacts on the Brain. Weighs around 3 pounds. Resembles a wrinkled grey cantaloupe Has the consistency of jelly Would be useless without the spinal cord
The Brain Facts on the Brain Weighs around 3 pounds About 1/60 th of our body weight Resembles a wrinkled grey cantaloupe Has the consistency of jelly Would be useless without the spinal cord Functions
More informationKeeping a Healthy Weight & Nutrition Guidelines. Mrs. Anthony
Keeping a Healthy Weight & Nutrition Guidelines Mrs. Anthony The Ideal Body Weight Myth Average female model: 5 10, 120 lbs Typical American Adult Female: 5 4, 160 lbs Average male model: 6, 155 lbs Typical
More informationChapter Nine. Temperature Regulation, Thirst, and Hunger
Chapter Nine Temperature Regulation, Thirst, and Hunger Regulating Systems Homeostasis: Physiological equilibrium Epic FAIL with weight? Obesity rates 1980-2000 Motivation: Activating and directing behavior
More informationChapter 6. Body and Behavior
Chapter 6 Body and Behavior Section 1 The Nervous System: The Basic Structure How the nervous system works Central nervous system (CNS)- the brain and spinal cord Spinal cord- nerves that run up and down
More informationBehavioral and Motivational mechanisms of Brain. Limbic system and the Hypothalamus
Behavioral and Motivational mechanisms of Brain Limbic system and the Hypothalamus 1 General functions 1. Control of behavior 2. Control level of activities in different parts of brain 3. Motivational
More informationExercise Science. Eating Disorders and the Female Athlete Triad
Exercise Science Eating Disorders and the Female Athlete Triad Bell Work Have you ever had to confront someone about something that was hard to do, but worth it!!?? Has anyone ever approached you about
More informationMotivation and Emotion. Created by David Silverman
Motivation and Emotion Created by David Silverman Theories of Motivation Motivations are the feelings or ideas that cause us to act towards a goal. They can be obvious/conscious or subtle/indirect. Drive
More informationNervous System. Oct 15 10:00 AM
Nervous System Oct 15 10:00 AM 1 Nerve net = series of interconnected nerve cells Nerve = axons of many nerve cells Oct 15 10:10 AM 2 bilateral organisms exhibit cephalization (evolutionary trend towards
More informationMotivation and Work. Motivation. Perspectives on Motivation. Chapter 11. Instincts & Evolutionary
Motivation Motivation and Work Chapter 11 Motivation is a need or desire that energizes behavior and directs it towards a goal. Aron Ralston was motivated to cut his arm in order to free himself from a
More informationEmotion and Motivation. Chapter 8
Emotion and Motivation Chapter 8 Motivation & Emotion in Historical Perspective Motivation and emotion are relatively new concepts: Motivation was a collection of other concepts, such as pleasure, lust,
More informationThe Interesting Relationship Between ADHD, Eating Disorders and Body Image
The Interesting Relationship Between ADHD, Eating Disorders and Body Image Roberto Olivardia, Ph.D. Harvard Medical School Roberto_Olivardia@hms.harvard.edu Binge Eating Disorder Recurrent episodes of
More informationHealth Final Exam Study Guide
Health Final Exam Study Guide 1. The providing of accurate health information to help people make healthy choices is called. (Chp.1) 2. Refusal skills are. (Chp. 2) 3. The three categories of total health
More informationTOTAL FITNESS and WELLNESS. Exercise, Diet, and Weight Control
1 TOTAL FITNESS and WELLNESS Third Edition 2 Chapter 8 Exercise, Diet, and Weight Control 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Outline Define obesity and discuss potential causes Relationship between obesity and health risk
More informationPART I. Neural Foundations of Behavior: The Basic Equipment
Detailed Contents Preface xiii About the Author xvi chapter 1. What Is Biopsychology? 1 The Origins of Biopsychology 3 Prescientific Psychology and the Mind-Brain Problem 4 Descartes and the Physical Model
More informationHE 250 PERSONAL HEALTH. Fitness
HE 250 PERSONAL HEALTH Fitness 40% of American adults are not physically active 30% of adults only get the recommended amount of exercise 55% of 1 in 4 high schoolers meet the recommendations college students
More informationTemperature, Regulation, Thirst, and Hunger
PSYB64 Lecture 6 Temperature, Regulation, Thirst, and Hunger 1. Homeostasis 2. Temperature 3. Thirst 4. Hunger 5. Obesity & Hunger Disorders HOMEOSTASIS Homeostasis: Physiological equilibrium Motivation:
More informationName: _Stacy Hall. Grade Level: _7th. Unit / Content Area:_Personal Health and Physical Activity. Lesson Title: _A Healthy Body, A Healthy Weight
Lesson Plan Format Name: _Stacy Hall Grade Level: _7th Unit / Content Area:_Personal Health and Physical Activity Lesson Title: _A Healthy Body, A Healthy Weight Objectives Objective 1: _During lesson
More informationMotivation and Emotion
Motivation and Emotion Motivation Click on the fish to watch it s ins0nctual behavior. Instinct Theory: we are motivated by our inborn automated behaviors. But instincts only explain why we do a small
More informationGenetics of Behavior (Learning Objectives)
Genetics of Behavior (Learning Objectives) Recognize that behavior is multi-factorial with genetic components Understand how multi-factorial traits are studied. Explain the terms: incidence, prevalence,
More informationMotivation and Emotion Chapter 9
Motivation and Emotion Chapter 9 Emotions state of arousal that involves physiological changes, facial changes, brain activation, cognitive appraisals, subjective feelings, and motivation toward action
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Quiz Motivation and Emotions Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) is usually an internal condition that initiates, activates or
More informationChapter 11 Motivation and Emotion
Chapter 11 Motivation and Emotion Copyright 2001 by McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited Motivation! What is motivation?! Motivation involves the question of why people behave, think, and feel the way they do!
More informationEmotion Explained. Edmund T. Rolls
Emotion Explained Edmund T. Rolls Professor of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford and Fellow and Tutor in Psychology, Corpus Christi College, Oxford OXPORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents 1 Introduction:
More informationPractice Question MOTIVATION AND EMOTION. Motivation as Drives. Motivation 10/22/2012
Practice Question Gabriela s mother practices the authoritative style of parenting. This suggests that Gabriela s mother. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION Motivation Motivation as Drives Purpose or cause of an action
More informationChapter Eight: Emotion and Motivation
Chapter Eight: Emotion and Motivation Emotions Four Part Process of Emotion 1. Physiological arousal of the body 2. Cognitive Interpretation of events and feelings conscious and unconscious 3. Subjective
More informationMotivation. Notes by E & V 2015 Unit 10: Motivation & Emotion
Notes by E & V 2015 Unit 10: Motivation & Emotion Motivation What is Motivation? Motivation: the factors that energize and direct the behavior of organisms (includes day-to-day things); a need or desire
More informationLecture 15 (Nov 16 th ): Hormones and Sexual Behavior Lecture Outline. 4) Gender Phenotype : Organizing Effects of Sex Hormones in Utero and Anomalies
Lecture 15 (Nov 16 th ): Hormones and Sexual Behavior Lecture Outline 1) Organs / Glands / Hormonal Communication 2) Sex Hormones: Male vs. Female 3) Genetic Gender (XX, XY) 4) Gender Phenotype : Organizing
More informationNeural Development 1
Neural Development 1 Genes versus environment Nature versus nurture Instinct versus learning Interactive theory of development Hair color What language you speak Intelligence? Creativity? http://www.jove.com/science-education/5207/an-introduction-to-developmental-neurobiology
More informationBiological Psych 23 Personal Identity. Gender Sex differences = biological Gender differences = thinking
Biological Psych 23 Personal Identity Gender Sex differences = biological Gender differences = thinking Sexual differentiation How identify sexually What call self (male-female) Sexual differentiation
More informationBrain Mechanisms of Emotion 1 of 6
Brain Mechanisms of Emotion 1 of 6 I. WHAT IS AN EMOTION? A. Three components (Oately & Jenkins, 1996) 1. caused by conscious or unconscious evaluation of an event as relevant to a goal that is important
More informationMotivation. Lecture 27
Motivation Lecture 27 1 The Trilogy of Mind Immanuel Kant (1791); Hilgard (1980) There are three absolutely irreducible faculties of mind: knowledge, feeling, and desire. Cognitive Psychology Sensation,
More informationmotivation and emotion notes web.notebook December 07, 2015
Motivation and Emotion Biological Motives Homeostasis correct imbalances Ex. Eat when hungry Hunger Hypothalamus base of the brain that regulates food intake *Sugar in the blood *Stomach muscles contract
More informationEating Disorders. jinny jihyun lynn daeun
Eating Disorders jinny jihyun lynn daeun Are they abnormal? Scenario 1 In 8th grade, Steve s classmates taunted him for being chubby, so he turned to food for comfort and put on more and more weight. Now,
More informationThe Nervous System and the Endocrine System
The Nervous System and the Endocrine System Neurons: The Building Blocks of the Nervous System Nervous System The electrochemical communication system of the body Sends messages from the brain to the
More informationMotivation 1 of 6. during the prandial state when the blood is filled
Motivation 1 of 6 I. INTRODUCTION A. Motivation: a condition (usually internal) that initiates, activates, or maintains goal-directed behavior. B. Archery analogy 1. undrawn bow has no potential energy
More informationEating Disorders. Abnormal Psychology PSYCH Eating Disorders: An Overview. DSM-IV: Anorexia Nervosa
Abnormal Psychology PSYCH 40111 Eating Disorders Eating Disorders: An Overview Two Major Types of DSM-IV Eating Disorders Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa Severe disruptions in eating behavior Extreme
More informationOrganization of the nervous system. The withdrawal reflex. The central nervous system. Structure of a neuron. Overview
Overview The nervous system- central and peripheral The brain: The source of mind and self Neurons Neuron Communication Chemical messengers Inside the brain Parts of the brain Split Brain Patients Organization
More informationNeural Communication. Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System. Communication in the Nervous System. 4 Common Components of a Neuron
Neural Communication Overview of CNS / PNS Electrical Signaling Chemical Signaling Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Somatic = sensory & motor Autonomic = arousal state Parasympathetic =
More informationToday s Discussion Anorexia Nervosa Bulimia Nervosa Binge Eating Disorder Other eating disorders
Kari Anderson DBH, LPC Today s Discussion Anorexia Nervosa Bulimia Nervosa Binge Eating Disorder Other eating disorders Defining an Eating Disorder An eating disorder is a complex illness that develops
More informationEating Disorders in Athletes: Women and Men
Eating Disorders in : Women and Men Barbara J Long MD MPH Associate Clinical Professor Division of Adolescent Medicine University of California, San Francisco Why discuss eating disorders and the athlete?
More informationCh. 18. Brain Mechanisms of Emotion. Bear et al., Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain, 3 rd ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006, pp
Ch. 18. Brain Mechanisms of Emotion Bear et al., Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain, 3 rd ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006, pp 564-583. WHAT IS EMOTION? Love, hate, disgust, joy, shame, envy, guilt,
More informationmanaging the journey from chaotic eating to healthy eating
Taming the Hungry Bear managing the journey from chaotic eating to healthy eating Kate Williams H d f N i i d Di i Head of Nutrition and Dietetics South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust 1953 UK
More informationYOUR CHILD S BODY IMAGE: WHAT S A PARENT TO DO?
YOUR CHILD S BODY IMAGE: WHAT S A PARENT TO DO? Karen Sossin, MS, CDN Project Director, Female Athlete Triad Nutrition Advisor, NYPHSAA ksossin@aol.com WHAT IS BODY IMAGE? Body image is the dynamic perception
More informationChapter 13. Motivation and Emotion
Chapter 13 Motivation and Emotion Motivation Motive- stimulus that moves a person to behave in ways designed to accomplish a specific goal. Cannot be seen or measured directly Needs-Condition in which
More informationToday s Topics. Cracking the Genetic Code. The Process of Genetic Transmission. The Process of Genetic Transmission. Genes
Today s Topics Mechanisms of Heredity Biology of Heredity Genetic Disorders Research Methods in Behavioral Genetics Gene x Environment Interactions The Process of Genetic Transmission Genes: segments of
More information25 Things To Know. dentity
25 Things To Know dentity Personal Identity Gender Attraction Pheromones Body Image Eating Disorders Gender Identity Sex differences = biological Gender differences = thinking Sexual differentiation How
More informationChapter 3. Biological Processes
Biological Processes Psychology, Fifth Edition, James S. Nairne What s It For? Biological Solutions Communicating internally Initiating and coordinating behavior Regulating growth and other internal functions
More informationIII. Studying The Brain and Other Structures
III. Studying The Brain and Other Structures 1. Accidents (case study) In 1848, a railroad worker named Phineas Gage was involved in an accident that damaged the front part of his brain. Gage s doctor
More information