1. What is biodiversity? 3. What is an abiotic factor? A) All of the variety of living organisms within a given ecosystem. B) The types of topics and genres covered within biology. C) The maximum quantity of living organisms an ecosystem can support. D) The minimum number of types of organisms an ecosystem can support. A) A living component within an ecosystem. B) A nonliving component within an ecosystem. C) Producers like plants and photosynthetic algae and bacteria. D) Consumers like animals. 2. Which of the following ecosystem levels is correctly defined? A) A population is a group of similar organisms living within one area. B) An organism is a nonliving thing in an ecosystem. C) A community is the environment in which different populations of organisms coexist. D) An ecosystem is a specific region of Earth, categorized by its weather patterns. 4. What is a biotic factor? A) A living component within an ecosystem. B) A nonliving component within an ecosystem. C) Only organisms that complete photosynthesis. D) Factors such as sunlight, water, minerals.
5. Which of the following is not a factor that affects the growth of a population? A) The number of births. B) The number of deaths. C) The number of genetic mutations. D) The number of individuals immigrating and emigrating. 7. What is climate change? A) The constant and continual warming of the planet. B) Changes caused solely by humans. C) Changes to the day to day temperature and precipitation conditions of a specific area. D) Changes to the annual patterns of temperature and precipitation for a larger region. 6. What are greenhouse gases? 8. What is photosynthesis? A) Carbon Dioxide, Oxygen, and Water Vapor. B) Gases which reflect the sun s rays away from Earth. C) Gases which produce heat by reacting with other compounds in the atmosphere. D) Gases which absorb and trap heat. A) The reacting of sunlight, carbon dioxide gas, and water, in order to produce oxygen gas and glucose sugar. B) The reacting of glucose sugar and oxygen gas, in order to produce sunlight, carbon dioxide. C) The reacting of glucose sugar and oxygen gas, in order to produce ATP, carbon dioxide gas, and water. D) The reacting of sunlight, oxygen gas, and water, in order to produce carbon dioxide gas and glucose sugar.
9. What is the chemical equation for Photosynthesis? 11. What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration? A) Sunlight + CO 2 + H 2O O 2 + C 6H 12O 6 B) C 6H 12O 6 + O 2 Sunlight + CO 2 + H 2O C) Sunlight + O 2 + H 2O CO 2 + C 6H 12O 6 D) C 6H 12O 6 + O 2 ATP + CO 2 + H 2O A) Sunlight + CO 2 + H 2O O 2 + C 6H 12O 6 B) C 6H 12O 6 + O 2 Sunlight + CO 2 + H 2O C) Sunlight + O 2 + H 2O CO 2 + C 6H 12O 6 D) C 6H 12O 6 + O 2 ATP + CO 2 + H 2O 10. What is cellular respiration? A) The reacting of sunlight, carbon dioxide gas, and water, in order to produce oxygen gas and glucose sugar. B) The reacting of glucose sugar and oxygen gas, in order to produce sunlight, carbon dioxide gas, and water. C) The reacting of glucose sugar and oxygen gas, in order to produce ATP, carbon dioxide gas, and water. D) The reacting of sunlight, oxygen gas, and water, in order to produce carbon dioxide gas and glucose sugar. 12. The flow of energy in an ecosystem is best described as moving in. A) two directions, between producers that are present. B) two directions, back and forth, between the producers and consumers. C) one direction, from the sun to the producers, and then to the consumers. D) one direction from a consumer to a producer and then to the sun as heat and light.
13. energy is stored within the bonds of molecules, while energy is that which is being used right now in a chemical reaction. A) Electromagnetic ; chemical B) Chemical potential ; kinetic C) Kinetic ; chemical potential D) Chemical ; electromagnetic 15. The overall purpose of photosynthesis is to. A) produce carbon dioxide and water for respiration. B) transfer the chemical potential energy from glucose, to the bonds of adenosine triphosphate. C) convert the unusable energy from the sun, to useable energy in the bonds of glucose. D) produce glucose and oxygen for further photosynthetic reactions. 14. How is energy transferred and or converted during photosynthesis? 16. The overall purpose of cellular respiration is to. A) Electromagnetic energy from the sun is converted into chemical potential energy, and stored in the bonds of adenosine triphosphate. B) Electromagnetic energy from the sun is converted into chemical potential energy, and stored in the bonds of glucose. C) Chemical potential energy from glucose is transferred to the bonds of adenosine triphosphate, remaining in the form of chemical potential energy. A) produce carbon dioxide and water for further respiration reactions. B) transfer the chemical potential energy from glucose, to the bonds of adenosine triphosphate. C) convert the unusable energy from the sun, to useable energy in the bonds of glucose. D) produce glucose and oxygen for further photosynthetic reactions. D) Chemical potential energy from the sun is transferred directly to the bonds of glucose
17. How is energy transferred, and or converted during cellular respiration? A) Chemical potential energy from glucose is transferred to the bonds of adenosine triphosphate, remaining in the form of chemical potential energy. B) Electromagnetic energy from the sun is converted into the chemical potential energy, and stored in the bonds of glucose. C) Electromagnetic energy from the sun is converted into chemical potential energy, and stored in the bonds of adenosine triphosphate. 19. What is a heterotroph? A) A producer, like a plant. B) An organism which relies on other organisms for useable energy sources. C) An organism which can convert unusable energy into useable energy. D) An organism which converts chemicals into sugars. D) Chemical potential energy from the sun is directly transferred to the bonds of glucose. 18. What is an autotroph? A) A consumer, like an animal. B) An organism which gets all of its energy from plants. C) An organism which relies on other organisms for useable energy sources. D) An organism which can convert unusable energy into useable energy. 20. Which of the following statements regarding energy transfer throughout an ecosystem is correct? A) Higher trophic levels receive higher amounts of energy. B) Lower trophic levels receive higher amounts of energy. C) Only 1% of the energy from any trophic level is transferred to the next level during feeding. D) Energy is never lost to the environment. 100% of the energy within an organism is passed on to the next during feeding.
The graph below shows the size of a population of foxes over a period of years. 23. Fishermen have harvested certain fish to the point where the population of that fish is decreasing. The level of direct harvesting could cause. A) ecosystems to be improved for future generations. B) ecosystems to be severely damaged. C) the restoration of environment stability. 21. What is the carrying capacity for this population of foxes? D) all other fish species to increase in number. A) 1.3 million B) 1.5 million C) 1.6 million D) 1.9 million 22. If the line did not stay around the carrying capacity, but continued to rise, which concept would this graph best illustrate? A) environmental stability 24. One positive impact that industrialization has had is that. A) industrialization produces waste gases that pollute the air. B) fossil fuels used by industries help reduce finite resources. C) industrialization has been a source of many jobs for people. D) new technologies have increased acid rain. B) genetic variety C) behavioral change D) overproduction
25. In one town, some people support a proposal to build a shopping mall on a large, underdeveloped lot, because it would increase business and create new jobs. As a trade-off, the shopping mall would cause a decrease in the. A) amount of air pollution. B) volume of garbage and litter. C) amount of wastewater entering the local sewage system. D) variety of wildlife populations in the area. 26. How are non-photosynthetic organisms reliant on photosynthetic organisms? A) Non-photosynthetic organisms (like animals) rely on high-energy glucose produced during photosynthesis to maintain internal homeostasis. B) Non-photosynthetic organisms (like animals) rely on the high-energy adenosine triphosphate produced during photosynthesis to maintain internal homeostasis. C) Non-photosynthetic organisms (like animals) rely on the oxygen and carbon dioxide gases produced during photosynthesis to complete cellular respiration. D) Non-photosynthetic organisms (like animals) rely on the glucose and water produced during photosynthesis to complete cellular respiration.
27. How are photosynthetic organisms reliant on non-photosynthetic organisms? 28. How could removal of large fish from this ecosystem, impact the other organisms? A) Photosynthetic organisms (like plants) rely on the oxygen and carbon dioxide gases produced during respiration to complete photosynthesis. B) Photosynthetic organisms (like plants) rely on the glucose and water produced during respiration to complete photosynthesis. C) Photosynthetic organisms (like plants) rely on the carbon dioxide and water produced during respiration to complete photosynthesis. D) Photosynthetic organisms (like plants) rely on the high energy adenosine triphosphate molecules produced during respiration to complete photosynthesis. A) You might expect an increase in the number of sea lions. B) You might expect an increase in the number of small fish, altering the numbers of algae. C) You might expect an increase in the number of sharks. D) You might expect a decrease in the number of small fish, altering the numbers of algae.
A food web is represented below: 30. What activity is taking place in the diagram below? A) Photosynthesis B) Differentiation C) Autotrophic Nutrition D) Heterotrophic Nutrition 29. Which organism would receive the least amount of transferred solar energy? A) Grasses B) Owls C) Frogs D) Field Mice 31. Palm Oil, produced from palm trees, is not only a biofuel, but is also used in food additives, cosmetics and lubricants. Palm tree plantations are now cultivated in areas that were formerly natural forests. One ecological concern raised by this expansion is that. A) the natural forest ecosystem may harm the palm trees. B) the use of the land for agriculture will increase the biodiversity of the area. C) humans are changing the basic processes of palm trees. D) planting large expanses of one crop reduces the biodiversity of the area.
32. The Eurasian Water Milfoil is a nonnative species, which was once commonly sold as an aquarium plant, and is now found growing in many lakes in New York State. It has few natural enemies, and grows rapidly, crowding out many native species. This plant ruins fishing areas, and interferes with boating and other water sports. This is an example of. 33. This amoeba would most likely be classified as a. A) human consumption of finite resources. B) an unintended consequence of adding an organism to an ecosystem. A) decomposer B) producer C) consumer D) pathogen C) an abiotic factor having a negative effect on an ecosystem. D) the introduction of a species that has increased the long-term biodiversity of an ecosystem. 34. Which of the following characteristics are not required for something to be considered living? A) The ability to maintain homeostasis. B) The ability to respond, adapt and evolve to a changing environment. C) The ability to use blood to circulate oxygen gas and carbon dioxide throughout a body. D) The ability to reproduce and contain a genetic code.
35. Correctly list the levels of organization within a living organism, from the smallest to the largest level: 37. A/n is a group of organs working together toward a common function for the organism. A) Organism, Organ Systems, Organ, Tissue, Cells, Atoms B) Cells, Organs, Organ Systems, Organism C) Cells, Atoms, Organs, Organ Systems, Organism A) organ B) organ system C) tissue D) cell D) Atoms, Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems, Organism 36. A/n is made of a group of cells working together toward a common function for the organism. 38. A/n is a group of tissues working together toward a common function for the organism. A) organ B) organ system C) tissue D) cell A) organ B) organ system C) tissue D) cell
39. The Cell Cycle is. A) the series of events or phases a cell goes through in order to grow and divide. B) a period of time between each phase of cell division (either mitosis or meiosis). 41. Cancer is a disorder in which some cells have lost the ability to control their. A) size B) organelles C) surface area D) growth/division rate C) the time from prophase through cytokinesis. D) the time it takes for a single cell to complete mitosis. 40. In general, during any form of cell division. 42. Why is ATP an important molecule in living cells? A) the cell will cut its quantity of genetic information in half, so that each daughter cell receives only half of the DNA. B) the cell will line up its genetic information, separate the DNA in an organized fashion, split the cytoplasm and produce at least two daughter cells. C) the cell will double its quantity of genetic information, so that each daughter cell receives twice the amount of DNA, preparing it for future cell divisions. A) ATP uses up energy within cells. B) ATP has the ability to store energy for later use within its chemical bonds. C) ATP has the ability to copy the genetic code for cells. D) ATP is an enzyme frequently used by cells to help speed up chemical reactions. D) alleles must be exchanged during crossing over to exchange genetic variation amongst cells.
43. Which of the following is the most complete listing of the biological elements? A) Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen B) Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen C) Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Sulfur 45. Which of the following biomolecules is correctly paired with its polymer? A) Carbohydrate : Polypeptide B) Lipid : DNA C) Protein : Polypeptide D) Nucleic Acid : Phospholipid D) Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Sodium 44. Which of the following biomolecules is correctly paired with its monomer? 46. What is the function of carbohydrates? A) Carbohydrate : Amino Acids B) Lipid : Fatty Acids and Glycerol C) Protein : Nucleotides D) E) Nucleic Acid : Monosaccharides A) Long term energy storage. B) Immediate and intermediate energy. C) Store genetic instructions. D) The ability to catalyze chemical reactions.
47. What is the function of lipids? 49. What is the function of nucleic acids? A) Long term energy storage. B) Immediate and intermediate energy. C) Store genetic instructions. D) The ability to catalyze chemical reactions. A) Long term energy storage. B) Immediate and intermediate energy. C) Store genetic instructions. D) The ability to catalyze chemical reactions. 48. What is the function of protein? A) Long term energy storage. B) Immediate and intermediate energy. C) Store genetic instructions. D) The ability to catalyze chemical reactions. 50. What happens when a protein/enzyme is denatured? A) The structure of the substrate changes, preventing the enzyme from binding with it. B) The protein can no longer decrease the reaction rate for chemical reactions inside the cell. C) The structure of the active site on the enzyme changes, preventing it from functioning in chemical reactions. D) The protein can no longer increase the energy of activation for cell processes.
51. A protein that lowers the energy of activation for a cellular reaction is called a/n. A) integral protein B) glycoprotein C) enzyme D) cofactor 53. What is homeostasis? A) Inflammation of the joints and cartilage. B) Maintaining external stability. C) The study of the human body and how it functions. D) Maintaining internal stability. 52. When an enzyme is used in a chemical reaction. A) the enzyme must bind at the substrate s active site. B) the activation energy required for the reaction is increased. C) it is destroyed directly after, and cannot be reused. D) the substrate must bind to the enzyme s active site. 54. A student used a microscope to observe a single celled organism. As he watched, it looked as if the organism split into two cells. He made drawings, shown below of the organism over a short period of time. Which process did the student record in his drawings? A) Genetic Engineering B) Asexual Reproduction C) Selective Breeding D) Gamete Formation
55. The development of nerve, muscle, and skin cells is represented in the diagram below: 56. Which of the following scenarios is most likely to happen if an enzyme is denatured? A) The enzyme will change its shape back to its original structure. B) The chemical reaction will have to proceed without the use of the enzyme since it no longer functions. Which statement best explains how each of the different cell types can develop from the same embryo? C) The enzyme will continue catalyzing the reaction with no problem. D) The enzyme will be used in a different reaction. A) The cells have identical genetic instructions, but different parts of these instructions are being expressed in each cell. B) The cells have identical genetic instructions, and all parts of these instructions are being expressed in each cell. C) The cells are produced by asexual reproduction, and contain identical genetic instructions. D) The cells contain genetic instructions from two different parents and will express the instructions from one parent only.
57. The diagrams below represent two molecules that are involved in metabolic activities in some living cells: Why is the shape of each the molecules important? A) Molecules having different shapes are always found in different types of organisms. B) The shape of the molecule determines how it functions in chemical reactions. C) The shape of the molecule determines the age of an organism. D) If the shape of any molecule in an organism changes, the DNA in that organism will also change.
Benedict Solution is a chemical that tests for the presence of carbohydrate monomers. Iodine tests for the presence of carbohydrate polymers. Biuret is used to test for protein polymers, and Sudan-Red to discover lipid polymers. Three different unknown solutions are tested with the above chemicals. Solution-A reacts with Benedict and Iodine. Solution-B reacts with Sudan. Lastly, Solution-C reacts with Biuret. 58. Which of the following could be accurate statements regarding the monomers in Solution-A? 60. What could be the cellular function of Solution-A? A) Solution-A would provide a cell with long term energy storage. B) Solution-A would provide a cell with immediate and intermediate energy. C) Solution-A would provide a cell with the ability to catalyze chemical reactions. D) Solution-A would contain the cell s genetic instructions. A) Solution-A contains fatty acids and glycerol. B) Solution-A contains amino acids. C) Solution-A contains nucleotides. D) Solution-A contains monosaccharides. 59. What can you describe about Solution-B? A) Solution-B contains fatty acids and glycerol. 61. What could be the possible cellular function of Solution-C? A) Providing a cell with long term energy storage. B) Providing a cell with immediate and intermediate energy. C) Providing a cell with the ability to catalyze chemical reactions. D) Providing a cell with its genetic instructions. B) Solution-B contains amino acids. C) Solution-B contains nucleotides. D) Solution-B contains monosaccharides.
62. The graph below represents the effect of ph on three different enzymes at normal body temperature. What does the graph illustrate about enzymes 1, 2, and 3? A) That they are not affected by ph. B) That they work best at different ph levels. C) That they work best in an acidic environment. D) That they work best in a basic environment.