Standard 2 Exam Biology. 2. This macromolecule is responsible for short term energy storage and structural support in plants

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1 1. This macromolecule is responsible for structural support, movement, enzymatic activity, cell communication, and is made of amino acids. a. Lipids b. Carbohydrates c. Proteins d. Nucleic Acids e. ATP 2. This macromolecule is responsible for short term energy storage and structural support in plants a. Lipids b. Carbohydrates c. Proteins d. Nucleic Acids e. ATP 3. This macromolecule is responsible for long term energy storage, steroids, and cell membrane structure a. Lipids b. Carbohydrates c. Proteins d. Nucleic Acids e. ATP 4. This macromolecule is responsible for storing and transferring genetic information. a. Lipids b. Carbohydrates c. Proteins d. Nucleic Acids e. ATP 5. Proteins that speed up chemical reactions a. Mitochondria b. Carbohydrates c. Phospholipids d. Golgi Apparatus e. Enzyme

2 6. Process that produces ATP using oxygen and sugar a. Photosynthesis b. Cellular Respiration c. Electron transport d. Dehydration synthesis e. ATP Hydrolysis 7. is maintaining a stable internal environment a. Turgor pressure b. Photosynthesis c. Meiosis d. Homeostasis e. Nucleus 8. is the net movement of water from an area high concentration to an area of lower concentration a. Diffusion b. Osmosis c. Active transport d. Phagocytosis e. Exocytosis 9. If you wished to test the hypothesis that atomic radiation slows down the rate of radish seed growth, which of the following experimental designs would be best to use a. Use 25 radish seeds and 25 pea seeds and compare results b. Plant 50 irradiated seeds and note the effect of the radiation c. Plant 25 irradiated seeds and 25 normal seeds at the same time and compare results d. Plant 25 normal seeds, note the results, then plane 25 irradiated seeds, and compare results 10. Which chemical elements would you expect to find in abundance in a living cell? a. Hydrogen, neon, argon b. Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen c. Iron, magnesium, calcium d. Sodium, potassium, sulfur

3 11. Which of the following describes the function of proteins? a. Energy formation and storage b. Energy used in muscles and reaction c. Structural use and enzyme formation d. Heredity and genetic code carriers 12. What are the building blocks of protein molecules? a. Polymers b. Fatty acids c. Glucose molecules d. Amino acids 13. Which of the following statements are true of enzymes? a. They are lipids b. They are poisonous if combined with starches c. They can only be used once d. They usually slow down reactions and prevent overheating of the cells e. They usually speed up chemical reactions 14. The enzyme graphed below will work best in a. an alkaline medium b. an acid medium c. a neutral medium d. a carbohydrate medium

4 15. The six elements that make up 99.9% of all living things include a. C, K, O, N, Ca and S b. C, P, S, H, O and N c. C, P, K, I, O and N d. N, O, P, H, S, and T 16. What is the most common food storage compound in plants? a. Glucose b. Starch c. Sucrose d. Cellulose 17. Your mother wants to go on a high-protein, no carbohydrate diet to lose ten pounds. She talks to you and asks what you think. You tell her she should look on the government website to find out about the functions of proteins and carbohydrates in the body before she goes on this diet. She tells you later carbohydrates help provide energy for the body and so she will not go on this diet. What does this scenario demonstrate? a. Knowledge about macromolecules is important for everyone, not just scientists. b. Knowledge about macromolecules is important only for the food industry researchers to know as they make new processed food. c. Knowledge about macromolecules is too difficult for everyone to understand and should be left only to scientists. d. Knowledge about macromolecules is unimportant, as long as people like the way they look. e. Fat 18. Which characteristic of water allows it to support the weight of objects more dense than water? a. Capillary action b. Surface tension c. Specific heat d. Evaporation e. Adhesion

5 19. One characteristic of prokaryote cells is that they a. Have no nucleus or any membrane-bound organelles b. Lack cell walls c. Have no DNA d. Have no cell membrane e. Have no cytoplasm 20. Which of the following organelles would NOT be found in the cells of a mouse? a. Chloroplasts b. Lysosome c. Golgi bodies d. Ribosomes e. Endoplasmic reticulum 21. Sally eats ripe apples because of the high sugar content. Which of the following plant cell structures stores the sugar? a. Golgi apparatus b. Ribosomes c. Mitochondria d. Vacuoles 22. The pancreas is an organ that creates the protein insulin. Which organelle in a pancreas cell packages insulin to be secreted out of the cell? a. Golgi apparatus b. Ribosomes c. Mitochondria d. Vacuoles e. Nucleus

6 23. What cell structure makes it possible for the internal environment of any cell to differ from the external environment? a. Endoplasmic reticulum b. Cell wall c. Middle lamella d. Plasma membrane e. Nucleus 24. In order to function, cells must maintain a constant internal environment. The maintenance of relatively stable internal condition is called a. Metabolism b. Homeostasis c. Active transport d. Osmosis e. Respiration 25. Which of the following terms describes the movement of gas molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration? a. Osmosis b. Active transport c. Filtration d. Diffusion 26. What is it called when carbon dioxide moves into the leaves of plants? a. Plasmolysis b. Turgor pressure c. Endocytosis d. Diffusion e. Active transport 27. Osmosis refers to a. The movement of solutes through a selectively permeable membrane b. The active transport of water through a membrane c. Diffusion of water through a cell wall d. Diffusion of gases e. Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

7 28. Refer to the following diagram. The X s represent solutes dissolved in the water. Which side of the membrane contains the hypotonic solution? a. A b. B c. Both d. Neither 29. Refer to the following diagram. The X s represent solutes dissolved in the water. In which direction will the net movement of water occur? a. A à à à B b. B à à à A c. Equal in both directions d. Not enough information to know e. It depends on the temperature 30. A cell that is 30% water is placed in a solution that is 35% water. Which way will the net movement of water go? a. Into the cell b. Out of the cell c. Equally in and out of the cell

8 31. Sea urchins are relatives of starfish and live in the ocean. If sea urchin eggs are taken from the sea and placed in fresh water a. They will probably swell b. They will probably shrink c. There will be no change in their size d. The amount of water leaving the cell will equal the amount of water entering the cell 32. Quinn places a small section of onion in a glass of salty water over night. The next morning she looks at the onion cells under the microscope. What will she see? a. Onion cells as they were the day before b. Exploded onion cells c. Bulging onion cells d. Shriveled onion cells e. Onion cells filled with salt crystals 33. Some brown algae will contain iodine in concentrations 2000 times greater than the surrounding seawater. What process would account for this? a. Osmosis b. Diffusion c. Plasmolysis d. Exocytosis e. Active transport 34. Which process most precisely identifies the process that produces energy for life s activities? a. Circulation b. Chemical digestion c. Excretion d. Cellular respiration 35. Respiration is to carbon dioxide as photosynthesis is to a. Carbon dioxide b. Oxygen c. Light d. Nitrogen

9 36. Where do animal cells get the energy they need to live? a. Animal cells are capable of producing their own energy molecules and do not need outside sources b. Animal cells get their energy from large organic molecules c. Animal cells get their energy from the Golgi Apparatus d. Animal cells get their energy from sunlight. 37. What process do animals use in order to release the energy stored in food? a. Circulation b. Conversion c. Photosynthesis d. Cellular respiration 38. Which substances are necessary for plants to produce sugar through photosynthesis? a. Water, soil, chlorophyll b. Water, carbon dioxide, sunlight c. Water, minerals, sunlight d. Water, roots, oxygen 39. Compare 2 tanks (same size) in a classroom. One has aquatic plants and trout in it. The other has a similar amount of aquatic plant in it, but not trout. Why would the dissolved oxygen level in the tank with the fish be lower than the dissolved oxygen level in the tank without fish? a. The tank with the fish and the plants has less because the fish use up the dissolved oxygen b. Plants in the tank with fish give off less oxygen c. The absence of animals in the tank with only plants reduces the oxygen level d. There is less space in the tank with both plants and animals, thus the plants produce less oxygen 40. As a person exercises, the need for oxygen in the muscles increases. What is the best reason for this? a. Oxygen is necessary in the muscles to move the carbon dioxide out b. Oxygen is necessary for the increased production of ATP c. Increased oxygen cools down overheated muscles d. Oxygen is a component of water, which leaves the body in the form of sweat

10 41. Which of the following words includes all of the other words? a. Cellular respiration b. Photosynthesis c. Protein synthesis d. Metabolism e. DNA replication 42. Your skin replaces the cells that it is continually losing by using the process of: a. Transduction b. Mitosis c. Meiosis d. Lysis