BIO 251 Human Physiology Fall 2016

Transcription

1 BIO 251 Human Physiology Fall 2016 Instructor: Dr. Christina Ylitalo Phone: ext (best method of communication) Course Name: BIO 251 Human Physiology Credits: 4 Lecture: Tues: 3:00-5:53 pm Lab: Thu: 3:00-5:53 pm Textbook/Materials: Anatomy & Physiology, An Integrative Approach. Mckinley, O Loughlin, & Bidle. McGraw-Hill 2013 Lecture Notes, Announcements, Assignments on Moodle o You are responsible for checking your GCC and Moodle regularly for class announcements. Office Hours (Room 107): Mon: 3-4pm, Tues: 12 2:30pm, Wed: 3-4pm Thur: 11-11:30am Course Description: A study of the function, regulation, control, and interrelationships of all the organ systems of the human body. Major divisions covered include human cell, muscular system, nervous system, sense organs, endocrine system, cardiovascular system, vascular system, respiratory system, digestive system, urinary system, water and electrolyte balance, reproductive system. Major Divisions Topics covered, including lecture/laboratory hours (hours are approximate and may change during the semester) Lecture Laboratory Human Cell/Metabolic Reactions 6 6 Integumentary System 3 3 Muscular System 5 3 Nervous System 4 3 Sense Organs 3 3 Endocrine System 3 3 Cardiovascular System 6 6 Vascular System 3 3 Respiratory System 3 3 Digestive System 3 3 Urinary System 3 3 Water and Electrolyte Balance 3 3 Reproductive System 3 Grades: Grades will be based on: Unit exams = 33% (3 unit exams, each =11% of total), Quizzes = 30%, Lab / Participation = 25%, and Cumulative Final Exam = 12%. Grade Scale: A 95% B % C % D 65-69% F < 65% A % B 85-86% C 75-76% B % C % Attendance: Attendance in lab and lecture is required. Absences will negatively affect your participation grade. Absences may only be excused if they are discussed with the instructor in advance of an expected absence. If an emergency arises, which results in an excused absence (death in the family, illness with a doctor s note, etc.) the student must notify the instructor within 24 hours of the missed class. Assignments missed during an unexcused absence cannot be made up. **Cell phone use is prohibited during class - students using phones will be asked to leave.

2 Late Assignments: Assignments are due at the beginning of the class on the due date. If an assignment is turned in after that time (even later in the class) it is considered late. The first late assignment will be accepted without any point deduction if it is turned in by the next class. A second late assignment will be worth ½ of the total points if turned in by the next class. Any late assignments after two will not be accepted for any credit. Any assignment not turned in within one week of the due date will not be accepted. Assignments due on the day of an unexcused or planned absence are considered late unless turned in before the time they are due. Exams: There will be 3 unit exams during the semester and one final exam. Tentative exam dates are listed on the schedule. **Anyone who will miss an exam for an excused absence must notify me IN ADVANCE to have the possibility of a make-up exam.** If an exam is missed for a medical reason, a doctor s note should be provided to the instructor. Final Exam is cumulative. If a student scores higher on the final exam than on one of the unit exams, the final exam score will replace the score of one of the unit exams. Re-grades: If there is a question about how an exam or quiz question was graded or a dispute over a correct answer, the exam or quiz may be turned in for a re-grade. The disputed question must be marked and a written explanation must accompany the exam or quiz in order to receive credit. I will not consider an exam or quiz for a re-grade unless the question/dispute is in writing. Any re-grades must be turned in one week after the assignment is returned to you. Re-grades will NOT be considered after the one week deadline. Quizzes: There will be weekly quizzes given in lecture. The two lowest quiz grades will be dropped when your quiz average is calculated. The weekly quiz is designed to encourage students to be prepared, to participate in discussions, and to practice working with the material. If a quiz is missed for an unexcused absence, it will result in a zero, and will be one of the quizzes that are dropped. A missed quiz may be taken before the lab if the instructor is informed of an excused absence in advance. Lab& Particpation Grades: Are composed of: Laboratory assignments = 50% of lab grade, written chapter discussion questions and reading assignments = 2 x 12.5% = 25% of lab grade, presentation = 15% of lab grade, participation = 10% of lab grade. Participation points are earned by working on experiments, doing your own work on individual assignments, cleaning up after lab, observing lab safety rules, not using cell phones during class, participating in class discussions, completing participation assignments, etc. Absences result in a loss of participation points on the day of the absence, whether or not the absence is excused. Due to the set up involved with labs and the limited lab time available, a make-up for an absence from lab cannot be guaranteed. One make up day may be available the end of the semester. If you have an excused absence, discuss it with me outside of class time, and if it is a planned absence, you must talk to me in advance. ADA Accommodation for Students with Disabilities: If you believe that you need academic accommodations for a disability that qualifies under the Americans with Disabilities Act and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, please contact the Office of Disability Services, located in office T105C of the ACES Center (Ironwood), by calling (906) x 237, or ing jessicaln@gogebic.edu to discuss your needs and the process for requesting accommodations. This office is responsible for coordinating disability-related academic accommodations and will issue students with verification letters as appropriate. Since accommodations may require early planning and generally are not provided retroactively, please contact the office as soon as possible. Dishonesty, Cheating: Academic dishonesty of any kind, including cheating on exam, copying assignments, or plagiarism, may be dealt with in any manner deemed suitable by the instructor, including the recording of a failing grade for the course. Cheating on examinations may also result in the student appearing before the Student Personnel Committee and possible suspension from school if circumstances warrant. All of your work must be in your own words. Copying from another student, copying answers from previous students worksheets, or cutting & pasting or otherwise copying from the internet is cheating. First offense: You and the person you copied from will receive a zero on the assignment/test. Second offense: You fail the course. *Use of a cellular device for any reason during an exam or quiz will result in an automatic failing grade

3 *In the event of a class cancellation, a scheduled quiz or exam will be given during the next class, whether it is a lecture or lab. You are also responsible for checking Moodle for any announcements or class assignments.* Course Schedule The following is a tentative schedule for the semester. Adjustments may be necessary as the semester progresses you are responsible for any changes to the schedule which are announced in class. Week One (Aug 30) Human cell/metabolic Rxn Chapters 1-3 Week Two (Sep 6) Cell Biology/Tissues Chapters 4-5 Week Three (Sep 13) Skin/Skeletal System Chapter 6, 7 Week Four (Sep 20) Skeletal/Muscular System Chapter 7, 9, & 10 Week Five (Sep 27) Muscular/Nervous System Chapter 10, 12 Week Six (Oct 4) Nervous System Chapter 12, 14, 13 Week Seven (Oct 11) Nervous Sys/Sense Organs Chapter 13, 15, 16 Week Eight (Oct 18) Endocrine/Lymphatics Chapter 17, 21 Week Nine (Oct 25) Lymphatics/Immunity/ Blood Chapter 21, 22, 18 Week Ten (Nov 1) Blood/CV System Chapter 18, 20 Week Eleven (Nov 8) Cardiovascular System Chapter 20, 19 Week Twelve (Nov 15) Respiratory/Digestive Chapter 23, 26 Week Thirteen (Nov 22) Digestive System Chapter 26-27, Ch. 3 (p ) Week Fourteen (Nov 29) Urinary/H2O Balance Chapter Week Fifteen (Dec 6) H2O Balance/Reproductive Chapter 25, 28 Week Sixteen (Dec 13) Final Exam During Lecture

4 Lab Schedule The following is a tentative schedule for the semester. Adjustments may be necessary as the semester progresses you are responsible for any changes to the schedule which are announced in class. Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 (Sep 22) Intro to Physiology Cell Processes (Diffusion, Osmosis, Transcription, Translation) Skin Reading Assignment & Discussion #1 (Muscular System) Week 5 (Sep 29) Muscular System (Exam 1) Week 6 Week 7 Nervous System (Reflexes and Reaction Times) Senses Week 8 (Oct 20) Endocrine (Presentations) Week 9 (Oct 27) Blood (Exam 2) Week 10 Week 11 Week 12 Week 13 Cardiovascular System/Blood Pressure Cardiovascular System (ECG, CV Dynamics) Respiratory System No Lab Thanksgiving Break Week 14 (Dec 1) Digestive Physiology / H2O Balance (Exam 3) Week 15 (Dec 8) Week 16 Thermoregulation / Reading Discussion #2 (Urinary System) Finals Week (No Lab)

5 Course Learning Outcomes: BIO 251 (Human Physiology) Course Outcomes and Major Concepts Be able to explain how organs and tissues work together to perform the specific functions of the body systems Interpret how the structure dictates the function of the human body therefore contributing to the maintenance of homeostasis within the body Relate and explain how the physiology of each body system can help with clinical correlation within the human body Distinguish how the anatomy of the human body functions as a network to sense and respond to stimuli, contributing to the overall integration of the body systems Demonstrate how the structure of the human body can be affected by certain pathology and age-related changes to diminish the overall effectiveness of the organ systems to maintain homeostasis Major concepts: 1. Describe homeostasis and explain its importance to survival 2. Explain how the study of living materials requires the understanding of chemistry 3. List the major inorganic and organic substances that are common in cells and describe their general functions 4. Define ph and explain how it is maintained at a relatively constant level within the body 5. Describe the general characteristics of a composite cell; explain how the components of the cell membrane provide its functions and help to move substances in and out of cells 6. List and describe each type of cytoplasmic organelle and explain its function 7. Explain the cell cycle and its importance in the overall physiologic functioning of the human body 8. Explain how a cell divides and describe several physiologic mechanisms that control it 9. Distinguish between anabolism and catabolism; explain how metabolic pathways are regulated, including enzymes 10. Describe how cells access energy; explain the roles of cellular respiration and carbohydrate metabolism 11. Relate how DNA molecules store genetic information and describe how the DNA molecules are replicated 12. Explain how protein synthesis relies on genetic information and relate how the genetic information can be altered, causing changes within an organism 13. List and describe the events that are part of wound healing and tissue repair, compare and contrast it with the events of bone repair; describe the effects of sunlight, nutrition, hormonal secretions, and exercise on bone development 14. Contrast and compare intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification 15. Relate the life-span changes of joints with related structural pathology and why cartilage is prone to degeneration 16. Name the major parts of a skeletal muscle fiber and describe the function of each part; including a detailed explanation of the sliding filament model, membrane potentials, action potentials, neuromuscular junctions, coupling, cross-bridge movement and muscle relaxation. 17. Explain how energy is supplied to muscle during contraction, how oxygen debt develops, and how muscles fatigue

6 18. Explain the major events that occur during muscle fiber contraction, include an explanation distinguishing between a twitch and a sustained muscle contraction. 19. Describe how exercise affects skeletal muscle; relate relevant pathology and life-span changes to disruption of normal muscle function 20. Review the general structure of a neuron and describe how an injured axon may regenerate 21. Describe and explain how a membrane becomes polarized, including the events that lead to the conduction of a nerve impulse and how a nerve impulse is transmitted from one neuron to another. 22. Distinguish between excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials; describe the two ways impulses are processed 23. Describe a reflex arc and explain reflex behavior, including features of a stretch reflex, a golgi tendon reflex, a withdrawal reflex, and a cross extensor reflex. 24. Name the major parts of the brain and describe the functions of each; distinguish among motor, sensory, and association areas of the cerebral cortex 25. Explain hemisphere dominance, stages of memory storage, and functions of the limbic system & reticular formation. 26. Describe the general characteristics of the autonomic nervous system, distinguishing between the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions. 27. Describe the sensory and association areas of the cerebral cortex and discuss their interactions 28. Explain how receptors stimulate sensory impulses, how sensation is produced, and distinguish between somatic and special senses. Describe how the sense of pain is produced. 29. Explain and describe the processes of olfaction and taste. 30. Describe how a sound wave is converted to an electrical impulse; distinguish between static and dynamic equilibrium 31. Explain how the eye refracts light and describe how the brain perceives visual stimuli; describe the visual pathways 32. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands; describe the locations, functions and structural components of each major gland; relate and explain the relative life-span changes and resulting pathology of each major gland 33. Describe the general characteristics and functions of blood, including detailed explanations of hemostasis, blood typing, and coagulation. Explain how substances are exchanged between blood in capillaries and surrounding tissues 34. Describe the cardiac cycle and explain how it is controlled; identify the parts of a normal ECG pattern and discuss the significance of this pattern 35. Describe how blood pressure is controlled. What are the major short term regulators of blood pressure and what are long term regulators of blood pressure? What is the equation for MAP? Describe factors that increase/decrease MAP. 36. Identify and describe the components of the lymphatic system; Explain and describe immunity. What are the two major types of immunity in the body? Explain the steps in an active immune response to an antigen. 37. Describe each organ & function of the respiratory system; name and define each of the respiratory air volumes and capacities. Discuss how various factors effect breathing. 38. Explain how the respiratory system affects the acid/base balance in the body and what happens during hyperventilation or hypoventilation.

7 39. Identify, locate and list the general functions of the major organs and the accessory organs of the digestive system, explain how contents are mixed and moved, and describe the regulation of the ph and secretions of each organ 40. Name the organs of the urinary system and list their general functions; explain water and electrolyte balance and discuss the importance of this balance. 41. Describe the nephron and explain the function of its major parts 42. Describe how components of the urinary system change with age and in relation to pertinent pathology 43. Compare and contrast the general functions of the male and female reproductive system and how meiosis differs between the two genders Questions to consider for each organ system of the human body: 1. What is the function of this system in the human body? 2. What goals does this system try to accomplish in the human body? 3. What are the structures associated with each body system? 4. How does each structure contribute to the proper function of the body? 5. What happens if this system becomes diseased and no longer functions properly? Reading list Read the chapters listed with each topic on the schedule prior to class in order to be prepared for class discussions and labs. Some material will be discussed in lecture that is not included in these listed pages, and you will still be responsible for learning this material. However, these are the pages of each chapter to focus on for BIO 251 Human Physiology. You should review the rest of the chapter to refresh your memory on the information that you learned in Anatomy. Chapter: 1 Pgs. 2-7, Pgs (All) 3 Pgs Pgs , (Review all) 5 Pgs. 151, , 164, Pgs (All) 7 Pgs. 212, Pgs , , Pgs (All) 12 Pgs. 438, (Review all) 13 Pgs Pgs , Pgs , (Review the figures) 16 Pgs Pgs Pgs Pgs. 727, Pgs Pgs (All) 22 Pgs (All) 23 Pgs , Pgs. 937, Pgs (All) 26 Pgs (All) 27 Pgs Pgs (All) If you have questions or concerns about your performance in the class please come and talk to me right away. I can help you to devise better study strategies and assist you in areas that you are struggling with the material. It is easier to improve your grade the sooner you are able to clear up any confusion, improve your study habits, etc. The later in the semester it gets, the harder it is to significantly improve your grade.