Meditation and Proprioceptive Training on Cognitive Neuromotor Development for Badminton Players- A Combined Effect

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1 1 Meditation and Proprioceptive Training on Cognitive Neuromotor Development for adminton Players- Combined Effect Mr. Shukla Shivesh, Mumbai., India Introduction- The human brain is perhaps the most remarkable motor control device in existence. More than 10 billion neurons comprise the motor system in the human brain to command motor activation patterns that allow us to talk and sing; sit and stand; run and jump; and throw and catch - often without even paying attention. Neurocognitive is a term used to describe cognitive functions closely linked to the function of particular areas, neural pathways, or cortical networks in the brain which broadly seek to understand how the structure and function of the brain relates to thought and behaviour (Green, 1998). s we know that both meditation and proprioceptive training is related with brain functioning, so; we can define, meditation is a discipline by which one attempts to get beyond the conditional thinking mind into a deeper state of relaxation or awareness and proprioception is an automatic sensitivity mechanism in the body that sends message through central nervous system (CNS), and it can be enhanced with training, according to Greg Niederlander. The word proprioception derived from Latin word proprius, meaning "one's own" and perception is the sense of the relative position of neighboring parts of the body. Proprioceptive training can improve athlete s strength, coordination, muscular balance and muscle-reaction time and also reduce risk of injury during sporting activity. Method- The present experiment was conducted on 23 intermediate level badminton players age ranging between years with the mean and SD of Cognitive abilities were assessed by means of stroop test; trail making test & word puzzle test and neuromotor test include skill test in badminton and balance test (ohannon, 1984). The experiment was of 6 weeks, 5 times a week with mixture of minutes for meditation and proprioceptive training respectively. Paired t test was applied at the result was tested for significance 0.05 level. Results- fter comparing the cognitive ability of mean and standard deviation there is significant difference is seen in stroop test I & II with the value of ; and ; , the correlation value is 0.63; 0.89 and tabulated t value is 2.21; 5.78 against the require value of 2.07 respectively, in trail making I & II also there is significant difference is seen with the value of ; and ; , the correlation value is 0.60; 0.49 and tabulated t value is 3.41; 4.82 against the require value of 2.07 respectively, and in word puzzle test also significant difference is seen with the value of

2 ; , the correlation value is 0.46 and tabulated t value is 5.36 against the require value of 2.07 respectively. fter comparing the neuromotor ability of mean and standard deviation there is significant difference is seen in balance test right leg with closed eyes ; , the correlation value is 0.56 and tabulated t value is 6.24 against the require value of 2.07 and the value of balance test left leg with closed eyes is ; , the correlation value is 0.42 and tabulated t value is 5.04 against the require value of 2.07 respectively. fter comparing the skill ability of mean and standard deviation there is significant difference is seen in clear basic with the value of ; and the correlation value is 0.31, lob basic with the value of ; and the correlation value is 0.23, drop basic with the value of ; and the correlation value is 0.25, total of basic skill with the value of ; and the correlation value is 0.63, clear advance with the value of ; and the correlation value is 0.53, lob advance with the value of ; and the correlation value is 0.58, drop advance with the value of ; and the correlation value is 0.56, total of advance skill with the value of ; and the correlation value is 0.61 respectively and the tabulated t values are lob basic with the value of 2.81, total of basic skill is 3.90, lob advance with the value of 3.28, drop advance with the value of 2.46 and total of advance skill is 2.60 against the require value of 2.07 respectively in which effect is seen and no effect is seen in clear basic, droup basic, clear advance. Discussion and Conclusion- Table 1 Descriptive Scores Comparison of Cognitive bility Scores of Cognitive bility of adminton Players S.No Test Item 1 Stroop Test I- S.T-I - 2 Stroop Test II- Sample (N) Mean (M) Standard Deviation (S.D) Correlation (r) Tabulated t & post - post & post - post DF

3 Pair 1 Stroop Test I PRE Pair 1 Pair 2 Stroop Test II PRE Pair 2 Pair 3 Trail Making I PRE Pair 3 Pair 4 Trail Making II PRE Pair 4 Pair 5 Word Puzzle PRE Pair 5 Values 3 S.T-II Trl. Mkn. Test I & post - post T.M.T I Trl. Mkn. Test II & post - post T.M.T II W.P.T & post - post W.P.T * < (22 df) 2.07 Paired Samples Statistics Statistics : Mean Variables Figure 1. Mean Scores of Cognitive bility at and Conditions

4 4 Table 2 and -Training Descriptive Scores & Comparison of Neuromotor alance bility of adminton Players S.No Test Item Sample (N) Mean (M) Standard Deviation (S.D) Correlation (r) Tabulated t 1 RLCE & post - post LLCE & post - post * < (22 df) 2.07 DF Table 3 and -Training Descriptive Scores & Comparison of Neuromotor alance S.No Test Item 1 Clear Sample (N) bility of adminton Players Mean (M) Standard Deviation (S.D) Correlation (r) Tabulated t & post - post Lob & post - post * 22 3 Drop & post - post DF

5 5 4 Total Skill & post - post * 22 5 Clear & post - post Clear Lob & post - post Lob * 22 7 Drop & post - post Drop * 22 8 Total Skill & post - post Total Skill * 22 * < (22 df) 2.07

6 Pair 1 Clear basic Pair 1 Pair 2 Lob asic Pair 2 Pair 3 Drop asic Pair 3 Pair 4 Total Skill as Pair 4 Pair 5 Clear dv Pair 5 Pair 6 Lob dv Pair 6 Pair 7 Drop dv Pair 7 Pair 8 Total Skill dv Pair 8 Values 6 Paired Samples Statistics Statistics : Mean Variables Figure 3. Mean Scores of Skill bility at and Conditions Recommendations 1. Similar study can be conducted on other players of different game and also on general population in large scale. 2. Further study should be conducted on a larger group for longer duration and for other racket games player. 3. It can be conducted on subjects with varied age levels and for both the sex. 4. Similar study could be undertaken for players suffering from various injuries. 5. This study could help to include the meditation and proprioceptive training in every games and sports. 6. This study could help to improve concentration ability also References haskarananda, swami (2001) Meditation, Mind, and Patanjalis Yoga (page 3), Shri Ramakrishna Math Printing ss. Lavallee, Kremer, Moran, Williams (2004) Sports Psychology Contemporary Themes (page 36-7,161), Palgrave Macmillan charya, Jayashree ; hattacharya, Debolina & al, nshuman ( 2007) Effect of Incremental Physical Stress on Cognitive bilities nd ffective Response of Female thetes Published in the Proceedings of Joint Congress 2007 SE Games & SEN Para Games Scientific Congress and 5th SPSP International Congress on Sport Psychology 1st 4th December 2007, angkok THILND ISN

7 7 charya, Jayashree and Kumar, Pradeep (2007) reathing and Meditation as a Means for Improving Pain Tolerance Will to Win and Self-Esteem among thletes Joint Congress 2007 SE Games & SEN Para Games Scientific Congress nd 5th SPSP International Congress on Sport Psychology 1st 4th December 2007, angkok THILND ISN