Biological Bases of Behavior : Quiz 3
|
|
- Andra Newman
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Biological Bases of Behavior : Quiz 3 1. One of the oldest methods used in neuroscience to study brain function is a. stereotaxic surgery. b. autoradiography. c. experimental ablation. d. immunocytochemistry. 2. Experiments in which part of the brain is damaged and the animal's behavior is subsequently observed are called a. lesion studies. b. tracing neuroconnections. c. structure-function tasks. d. sham-lesion experiments. 3. Which of the following is the rationale for lesion studies? a. The change in behavior that follows a brain lesion can give important clues about the function of that brain area. b. Lesions are simple to make within the brain. c. Brain lesions reliably produce marked changes in behaviors. d. Brain lesions are specific for fibers of passage. 4. Why should a physiological psychologist be competent in many experimental techniques? a. Only studies using the most current methodologies will be published. b. Often, if one technique won't work, another will work. c. It is a guideline suggested by the American Psychological Association. d. All techniques have limitations, and a combination approach provides different types of information about a problem. 5. An advantage of temporary brain lesions is that a. each animal can be its own control. b. axons passing through the region are spared. c. only brain tissue near the electrode tip are destroyed. d. only cell bodies are damaged. 6. The advantage of lesions is that they affect only neural cell bodies and do not damage axons passing through the region. a. excitotoxic b. MRI c. RF d. subcortical 7. Which of the following describes the procedure used to make a sham lesion? a. Cool the brain with a cryode. b. Locate the site of the lesion on a stereotaxic atlas prior to inserting the electrode. c. Produce a lesion on one side of the brain only. d. Do everything that would be done to produce a lesion except do not turn on the current or start the infusion. 8. If a specific brain lesion causes an increase in behavior, what can we conclude about that brain structure? a. It may be part of a circuit that inhibits the behavior. b. No conclusions may be reached. c. It causes the behavior. d. It inhibits the behavior. 9. The device used to implant an electrode or cannula into the brain is the a. stereotaxic apparatus. b. electroencephalogram. c. macroelectrode. d. oscilloscope. 10. The three numbers listed on a page of a stereotaxic atlas describe a. the settings on a stereotaxic apparatus for individual strains of rodents. b. the location of a brain structure relative to bregma. c. drill bit diameter, length and approximate size of lesion. d. the strain, age and weight of an animal. 11. A chemical that is used to preserve and harden the brain is called a. Nissl substance. b. a fixative. c. an excitotoxin. d. PHA-L. 12. Which of the following is NOT a function of formalin? a. It slows bacterial growth. b. It kills destructive microorganisms. c. It prevents autolysis. d. It hardens the brain. 13. Which method identifies the inputs to a brain region? a. A retrograde labeling method. b. An electrolytic lesion study. c. An anterograde labeling method. d. Computerized tomography. 14. Immunocytochemistry techniques take advantage of the specific affinity of antibodies for a. cytogens. b. nerve cells. c. a peptide or protein. d. white blood cells. 15. Most commonly, metal macroelectrodes are used to record electrical activity a. of many specific neurons deep in the brain. b. of individual neurons. c. from evoked potentials. d. from the scalp, producing an electroencephalogram. 16. Metabolic activity of regions of the living human brain can be revealed by a. a CT scanner. b. 2-DG autoradiography. c. measurement of Fos protein. d. a 2-DG-PET scan. 17. Which labeling method uses chemicals that are taken up by dendrites or cell bodies and subsequently transported through axons toward terminal buttons? a. Anterograde. b. Presynaptic. c. Retrograde. d. Postsynaptic. 18. Neurotransmitters and neuromodulators can be measured by implanting a a. metal macroelectrode. b. microdialysis probe. c. glass microelectrode. d. neuromagnetic recording device. 19. A procedure that uses electricity to eject a chemical from a micropipette so that the effects of the chemical on the electrical activity of the cell can be determined is called a. microiontophoresis. b. microdialysis. c. excitotoxic chemistry. d. in situ hybridization.
2 20. What instrument can be used to infuse several different substances by means of iontophoresis? a. A multi-barreled micropipette. b. A microelectrode. c. An autoradiograph. d. A micropipette. 21. Single-unit recording refers to recording the electrical activity a. on one oscilloscope. b. of one set of nuclei. c. of a single neuron. d. of one hemisphere. 22. Which of the following is a protein produced when a neuron is stimulated? a. Potassium chloride. b. Fos. c. Kainic acid. d. 2-deoxyglucose. 23. Which of the following methods can be used to directly detect the presence of receptors in tissue? a. High-performance liquid chromatography. b. Immunocytochemistry. c. In situ hybridization. d. Microiontophoresis. 24. The strength of contraction of a muscle is determined by activity of a. microfusal muscle fibers. b. gamma motor neurons. c. intrafusal muscle fibers. d. alpha motor neurons. 25. Which of the following correctly describes what body builders are doing when they show off their muscles? a. Exhibiting organizational effects of androgens. b. Flexing muscles. c. Contracting flexor and extensor muscles. d. Contracting limbs. 26. Changes in muscle length are detected by a. Golgi tendon organs. b. extrafusal muscle fibers. c. gamma motor neurons. d. intrafusal muscle fibers. 27. The sensory organ in a skeletal muscle is called a a. myofibril. b. muscle spindle. c. motor neuron. d. motor end plate. 28. Which of the following controls the sensitivity of the muscle spindle to changes in muscle length? a. Extrafusal muscle fiber. b. Motor endplate. c. Gamma motor neuron. d. Golgi tendon organ. 29. A single myelinated axon of an alpha motor neuron serves muscle fiber(s). a. a single extrafusal b. several extrafusal c. several intrafusal d. a single intrafusal 30. The synapse between the terminal button of a motor neuron and the membrane of a muscle fiber is called the a. interpositus cleft. b. myofibril. c. neuromuscular junction. d. motor junction. 31. Muscle fiber contraction depends on a. entry of potassium ions into the fiber. b. the activity of the sodium-potassium pump. c. the concentration of glycine within the synapse. d. entry of calcium ions into the fiber cytoplasm. 32. The total stretch exerted on a muscle is detected by a. Golgi tendon organs. b. intrafusal muscle fibers. c. extrafusal muscle fibers. d. gamma motor neurons. 33. The physical effects of a muscle twitch last longer than an action potential because a. of excess K +. b. muscles lack elasticity. c. it takes time to get rid of Ca +2. d. All of the other alternatives are correct. 34. The monosynaptic stretch reflex a. excites inhibitory interneurons. b. helps maintain posture. c. contains only one interneuron. d. is directly controlled by the brain. 35. The advantage of adjustable sensitivity to changes in muscle length is that the a. All of the other alternatives are correct. b. role of the brain in controlling movement is simplified. c. result is increased speed and efficiency. d. more control that occurs in the spinal cord, the fewer messages need be sent to and from the brain. 36. Weight lifters who inject anesthetic near their Golgi tendon organs a. block messages to their CNS. b. All of the other alternatives are correct. c. can lift heavier weights. d. run the risk of tearing a tendon from a bone or breaking a bone. 37. The results of stimulation studies indicate that a disproportionate amount of motor cortex controls movements of the a. eye muscles. b. fingers. c. stomach. d. genitals. 38. Which of the following are involved in the planning of movements? a. Somatosensory cortex. b. Primary motor cortex. c. Motor homunculus. d. Premotor area and supplementary motor area. 39. Which of the following pathways control movements of the fingers? a. Ventral corticospinal tract. b. Corticobulbar pathway. c. Rubrospinal tract. d. Lateral corticospinal tract.
3 40. The descending lateral group a. controls postural reflexes. b. controls independent limb movements. c. controls coordinated limb movements. d. controls reflexive eye movements. 41. Which of the following does NOT originate in the brain stem? a. Rubrospinal tract. b. Ventral corticospinal tract. c. Vestibulospinal tract. d. Tectospinal tract. 42. Apraxia is characterized by a. muscle weakness or paralysis. b. All of the other alternatives are correct. c. an impairment in learning a skilled movement. d. the inability to properly perform a learned, skilled movement. 43. Apraxia of the left limb caused by damage to the anterior corpus callosum is called apraxia. a. left parietal b. callosal c. constructional d. sympathetic 44. All of the following are nuclei of the basal ganglia EXCEPT the a. caudate. b. putamen. c. globus pallidus. d. substantia nigra. 45. Huntington's chorea is caused by degeneration of the a. nigrostriatal bundle. b. caudate and putamen. c. neostriatum and pons. d. pedunculopontine nucleus. 46. A recently devised treatment for Parkinson's disease involves a. administration of D-DOPA. b. transplantation of dopamine cells from the carotid bodies into the putamen. c. administration of MPTP. d. stereotaxic destruction of the cingulate cortex. 47. In the top figure, the functional MRI image during a motor task is superimposed on the anatomical MRI image, in which the radiology convention is used, i.e., we are viewing the brain from bottom up (from toe toward head). The activations (bright spots) are in a. The contralateral primary motor cortex and the contralateral cerebellum b. The contralateral primary motor cortex and the ipsilateral cerebellum c. The contralateral primary motor cortex and the ipsilateral primary motor cortex d. The contralateral cerebellum and the ipsilateral cerebellum 48. In the top figure, the functional MRI image during a motor task is superimposed on the anatomical MRI image, in which the radiology convention is used, i.e., we are viewing the brain from bottom up (from toe toward head). The activations (bright spots) most likely indicate the finger movements of a. The left hand b. The right hand c. none of them d. Both hands 49. Stereotaxic surgery can be used for purposes other than producing lesions. 50. The rationale for lesion studies is that the function of a brain area can be inferred from the behaviors that can no longer be performed after an area is damaged. 51. Preparing an animal for stereotaxic surgery is called histology. 52. Some microelectrodes are made from glass because it is such a good conductor of electricity. 53. Microdialysis is used to measure the brain's secretions. 54. When an axon in a muscle fires, the terminal buttons release norepinephrine. 55. The primary motor cortex lies on the postcentral gyrus. 56. The frontal association cortex lies on the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobes. 57. The endplate potential always causes the muscle fiber to contract. 58. Cardiac muscle is capable of spontaneous activity. 59. In the bottom figure, the excitatory connections are plotted in dark color and inhibitory in light color. According to the figure, through the indirect pathway (broken lines), the caudate nucleus and the putamen has an excitatory effect on the internal part of the globus pallidus 60. In the bottom figure, the excitatory connections are plotted in dark color and inhibitory in light color. According to the figure, through the direct pathway, the substantia nigra has an excitatory effect on the internal part of the globus pallidus
4
5 Biological Bases of Behavior : Quiz 3 1. c Ablation 2. a Lesion studies 3. a Lesion studies 4. d Techniques 5. a Temporary lesion 6. a Excitotoxic 7. d Sham lesion 8. a Lesion 9. a Stereotaxic apparatus 10. b Stereotaxic atlas 11. b Fixative 12. a Formalin 13. a Retrograde labeling 14. c Immuno-cytochemistry 15. d Macroelectrodes 16. d 2-DG-PET scan 17. a Anterograde 18. b Microdialysis 19. a Microiontophoresis 20. a Multi-barreled 21. c Single-unit 22. b Fos 23. b Immunocytochemistry 24. d Alpha motor 25. c Contraction 26. d Intrafusal 27. b Muscle spindle 28. c Gamma motor neuron 29. b Extrafusal 30. c Neuromuscular junction 31. d Contraction 32. a Golgi tendon organs 33. c Muscle twitch 34. b Monosynaptic stretch reflex 35. a Adjustable sensitivity 36. b Golgi tendon organ 37. b Motor cortex 38. d Planning 39. d Lateral corticospinal 40. b Lateral group 41. b Ventral corticospinal 42. d Apraxia 43. b Callosal apraxia 44. d Basal ganglia 45. b Huntington's 46. b Parkinson's 47. b Brain imaging 48. b Brain imaging 49. True 50. True 51. False 52. False 53. True 54. False 55. False 56. False 57. True 58. True 59. True 60. False
Biological Bases of Behavior. 8: Control of Movement
Biological Bases of Behavior 8: Control of Movement m d Skeletal Muscle Movements of our body are accomplished by contraction of the skeletal muscles Flexion: contraction of a flexor muscle draws in a
More informationChapter 8. Control of movement
Chapter 8 Control of movement 1st Type: Skeletal Muscle Skeletal Muscle: Ones that moves us Muscles contract, limb flex Flexion: a movement of a limb that tends to bend its joints, contraction of a flexor
More informationMOVEMENT OUTLINE. The Control of Movement: Muscles! Motor Reflexes Brain Mechanisms of Movement Mirror Neurons Disorders of Movement
MOVEMENT 2 Dr. Steinmetz 3 OUTLINE The Control of Movement: Muscles! Motor Reflexes Brain Mechanisms of Movement Mirror Neurons Disorders of Movement Parkinson s Disease Huntington s Disease 1 4 TYPES
More informationI: To describe the pyramidal and extrapyramidal tracts. II: To discuss the functions of the descending tracts.
Descending Tracts I: To describe the pyramidal and extrapyramidal tracts. II: To discuss the functions of the descending tracts. III: To define the upper and the lower motor neurons. 1. The corticonuclear
More informationPSY 315 Lecture 11 (2/23/2011) (Motor Control) Dr. Achtman PSY 215. Lecture 11 Topic: Motor System Chapter 8, pages
Corrections: No Corrections Announcements: Exam #2 next Wednesday, March 2, 2011 Monday February 28, 2011 we will be going over the somatosensory system, and there will be time left in class to review
More informationThe Nervous System: Sensory and Motor Tracts of the Spinal Cord
15 The Nervous System: Sensory and Motor Tracts of the Spinal Cord PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Steven Bassett Southeast Community College Lincoln, Nebraska Introduction Millions of sensory
More informationMethods and Strategies of Research
Methods and Strategies of Research 1 Destroying part of the brain and evaluating the animal s subsequent behavior. Lesion studies. Example: If after part of the brain is destroyed, an animal can no longer
More informationVoluntary Movement. Ch. 14: Supplemental Images
Voluntary Movement Ch. 14: Supplemental Images Skeletal Motor Unit: The basics Upper motor neuron: Neurons that supply input to lower motor neurons. Lower motor neuron: neuron that innervates muscles,
More informationSTRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF THE BRAIN The central nervous system (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord, receives input from sensory neurons and directs
More informationThe Nervous System S P I N A L R E F L E X E S
The Nervous System S P I N A L R E F L E X E S Reflexes Rapid, involuntary, predictable motor response to a stimulus Spinal Reflexes Spinal somatic reflexes Integration center is in the spinal cord Effectors
More informationCNS consists of brain and spinal cord PNS consists of nerves
CNS consists of brain and spinal cord PNS consists of nerves 1 As with sensory input, motor output is organized in central nervous system Peripheral Nervous system divides efferent signals somatotopically
More information1. Which part of the brain is responsible for planning and initiating movements?
Section: Chapter 10: Multiple Choice 1. Which part of the brain is responsible for planning and initiating movements? p.358 frontal lobe hippocampus basal ganglia cerebellum 2. The prefrontal cortex is
More informationMotor systems.... the only thing mankind can do is to move things... whether whispering or felling a forest. C. Sherrington
Motor systems... the only thing mankind can do is to move things... whether whispering or felling a forest. C. Sherrington 1 Descending pathways: CS corticospinal; TS tectospinal; RS reticulospinal; VS
More informationNeural Basis of Motor Control
Neural Basis of Motor Control Central Nervous System Skeletal muscles are controlled by the CNS which consists of the brain and spinal cord. Determines which muscles will contract When How fast To what
More informationChapter 13. The Nature of Muscle Spindles, Somatic Reflexes, and Posture
Chapter 13 The Nature of Muscle Spindles, Somatic Reflexes, and Posture Nature of Reflexes A reflex is an involuntary responses initiated by a sensory input resulting in a change in the effecter tissue
More informationA. General features of the basal ganglia, one of our 3 major motor control centers:
Reading: Waxman pp. 141-146 are not very helpful! Computer Resources: HyperBrain, Chapter 12 Dental Neuroanatomy Suzanne S. Stensaas, Ph.D. March 1, 2012 THE BASAL GANGLIA Objectives: 1. What are the main
More informationA. General features of the basal ganglia, one of our 3 major motor control centers:
Reading: Waxman pp. 141-146 are not very helpful! Computer Resources: HyperBrain, Chapter 12 Dental Neuroanatomy Suzanne S. Stensaas, Ph.D. April 22, 2010 THE BASAL GANGLIA Objectives: 1. What are the
More informationPETER PAZMANY CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY Consortium members SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY, DIALOG CAMPUS PUBLISHER
PETER PAZMANY CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY SEMMELWEIS UNIVERSITY Development of Complex Curricula for Molecular Bionics and Infobionics Programs within a consortial* framework** Consortium leader PETER PAZMANY
More informationbiological psychology, p. 40 The study of the nervous system, especially the brain. neuroscience, p. 40
biological psychology, p. 40 The specialized branch of psychology that studies the relationship between behavior and bodily processes and system; also called biopsychology or psychobiology. neuroscience,
More informationDepartment of Neurology/Division of Anatomical Sciences
Spinal Cord I Lecture Outline and Objectives CNS/Head and Neck Sequence TOPIC: FACULTY: THE SPINAL CORD AND SPINAL NERVES, Part I Department of Neurology/Division of Anatomical Sciences LECTURE: Monday,
More informationAll questions below pertain to mandatory material: all slides, and mandatory homework (if any).
ECOL 182 Spring 2008 Dr. Ferriere s lectures Lecture 6: Nervous system and brain Quiz Book reference: LIFE-The Science of Biology, 8 th Edition. http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire8e/ All questions below
More informationMotor tracts Both pyramidal tracts and extrapyramidal both starts from cortex: Area 4 Area 6 Area 312 Pyramidal: mainly from area 4 Extrapyramidal:
Motor tracts Both pyramidal tracts and extrapyramidal both starts from cortex: Area 4 Area 6 Area 312 Pyramidal: mainly from area 4 Extrapyramidal: mainly from area 6 area 6 Premotorarea: uses external
More informationNeural Basis of Motor Control. Chapter 4
Neural Basis of Motor Control Chapter 4 Neurological Perspective A basic understanding of the physiology underlying the control of voluntary movement establishes a more comprehensive appreciation and awareness
More informationBio11: The Nervous System. Body control systems. The human brain. The human brain. The Cerebrum. What parts of your brain are you using right now?
Bio11: The Nervous System Body control systems Nervous system Quick Sends message directly to target organ Endocrine system Sends a hormone as a messenger to the target organ Can target several organs
More informationBiology 218 Human Anatomy
Chapter 21 Adapted form Tortora 10 th ed. LECTURE OUTLINE A. Overview of Sensations (p. 652) 1. Sensation is the conscious or subconscious awareness of external or internal stimuli. 2. For a sensation
More informationRole of brainstem in somatomotor (postural) functions
Role of brainstem in somatomotor (postural) functions (vestibular apparatus) The muscle tone and its regulation VESTIBULAR SYSTEM (Equilibrium) Receptors: Otolith organs Semicircular canals Sensation (information):
More informationMotor Functions of Cerebral Cortex
Motor Functions of Cerebral Cortex I: To list the functions of different cortical laminae II: To describe the four motor areas of the cerebral cortex. III: To discuss the functions and dysfunctions of
More informationCOGNITIVE SCIENCE 107A. Motor Systems: Basal Ganglia. Jaime A. Pineda, Ph.D.
COGNITIVE SCIENCE 107A Motor Systems: Basal Ganglia Jaime A. Pineda, Ph.D. Two major descending s Pyramidal vs. extrapyramidal Motor cortex Pyramidal system Pathway for voluntary movement Most fibers originate
More informationMotor System Hierarchy
Motor Pathways Lectures Objectives Define the terms upper and lower motor neurons with examples. Describe the corticospinal (pyramidal) tract and the direct motor pathways from the cortex to the trunk
More informationChapter 3. Biological Processes
Biological Processes Psychology, Fifth Edition, James S. Nairne What s It For? Biological Solutions Communicating internally Initiating and coordinating behavior Regulating growth and other internal functions
More informationName: Period: Chapter 2 Reading Guide The Biology of Mind
Name: Period: Chapter 2 Reading Guide The Biology of Mind The Nervous System (pp. 55-58) 1. What are nerves? 2. Complete the diagram below with definitions of each part of the nervous system. Nervous System
More informationskilled pathways: distal somatic muscles (fingers, hands) (brainstem, cortex) are giving excitatory signals to the descending pathway
L15 - Motor Cortex General - descending pathways: how we control our body - motor = somatic muscles and movement (it is a descending motor output pathway) - two types of movement: goal-driven/voluntary
More informationDendrites Receive impulse from the axon of other neurons through synaptic connection. Conduct impulse towards the cell body Axon
Dendrites Receive impulse from the axon of other neurons through synaptic connection. Conduct impulse towards the cell body Axon Page 22 of 237 Conduct impulses away from cell body Impulses arise from
More informationBiological Psych Frontal Lobes
Biological Psych Frontal Lobes Frontal lobe What is it? Home to personality? Lesions: wide variety symptoms More than any part of brain Involved in: motor function problem solving spontaneity memory language
More informationModules 4 & 6. The Biology of Mind
Modules 4 & 6 The Biology of Mind 1 Neuron - 100 Billion - Communication System Glial cells Cell body (nucleus) Dendrites Axon Axon Terminals (terminal buttons) Synaptic cleft 3 4 Communication Within
More informationSAMPLE EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
SAMPLE EXAMINATION QUESTIONS PLEASE NOTE, THE QUESTIONS BELOW SAMPLE THE ENTIRE LECTURE COURSE AND THEREORE INCLUDE QUESTIONS ABOUT TOPICS THAT WE HAVE NOT YET COVERED IN CLASS. 1. Which of the following
More informationNeurons, Synapses, and Signaling
Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling The Neuron is the functional unit of the nervous system. Neurons are composed of a cell body, which contains the nucleus and organelles; Dendrites which are extensions
More informationMovement Disorders. Psychology 372 Physiological Psychology. Background. Myasthenia Gravis. Many Types
Background Movement Disorders Psychology 372 Physiological Psychology Steven E. Meier, Ph.D. Listen to the audio lecture while viewing these slides Early Studies Found some patients with progressive weakness
More informationIndicate whether the statement is true (A) or false (B).
Bio70 Psychobiology Fall 2006 First Midterm October 12 Version A You must put your name and student ID number on both the paper test and your Scantron. Make sure to put the test version number on your
More informationChapter 3. Structure and Function of the Nervous System. Copyright (c) Allyn and Bacon 2004
Chapter 3 Structure and Function of the Nervous System 1 Basic Features of the Nervous System Neuraxis: An imaginary line drawn through the center of the length of the central nervous system, from the
More informationPrimary Functions. Monitor changes. Integrate input. Initiate a response. External / internal. Process, interpret, make decisions, store information
NERVOUS SYSTEM Monitor changes External / internal Integrate input Primary Functions Process, interpret, make decisions, store information Initiate a response E.g., movement, hormone release, stimulate/inhibit
More informationOrganization of the nervous system. [See Fig. 48.1]
Nervous System [Note: This is the text version of this lecture file. To make the lecture notes downloadable over a slow connection (e.g. modem) the figures have been replaced with figure numbers as found
More informationChapter 16: Sensory, Motor, and Integrative Systems. Copyright 2009, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chapter 16: Sensory, Motor, and Integrative Systems Sensation n Conscious and subconscious awareness of changes in the external or internal environment. n Components of sensation: Stimulation of the sensory
More informationThe Central Nervous System I. Chapter 12
The Central Nervous System I Chapter 12 The Central Nervous System The Brain and Spinal Cord Contained within the Axial Skeleton Brain Regions and Organization Medical Scheme (4 regions) 1. Cerebral Hemispheres
More informationFig Cervical spinal nerves. Cervical enlargement C7. Dural sheath. Subarachnoid space. Thoracic. Spinal cord Vertebra (cut) spinal nerves
Fig. 13.1 C1 Cervical enlargement C7 Cervical spinal nerves Dural sheath Subarachnoid space Thoracic spinal nerves Spinal cord Vertebra (cut) Lumbar enlargement Medullary cone T12 Spinal nerve Spinal nerve
More informationChapter 6 Section 1. The Nervous System: The Basic Structure
Chapter 6 Section 1 The Nervous System: The Basic Structure Essential Question: How does studying the biology of the brain give us an understanding of our behavior? Draw or type 2 things you already know
More informationThe neurvous system senses, interprets, and responds to changes in the environment. Two types of cells makes this possible:
NERVOUS SYSTEM The neurvous system senses, interprets, and responds to changes in the environment. Two types of cells makes this possible: the neuron and the supporting cells ("glial cells"). Neuron Neurons
More informationDr. Farah Nabil Abbas. MBChB, MSc, PhD
Dr. Farah Nabil Abbas MBChB, MSc, PhD The Basal Ganglia *Functions in association with motor cortex and corticospinal pathways. *Regarded as accessory motor system besides cerebellum. *Receive most of
More informationLecture XIII. Brain Diseases I - Parkinsonism! Brain Diseases I!
Lecture XIII. Brain Diseases I - Parkinsonism! Bio 3411! Wednesday!! Lecture XIII. Brain Diseases - I.! 1! Brain Diseases I! NEUROSCIENCE 5 th ed! Page!!Figure!!Feature! 408 18.9 A!!Substantia Nigra in
More informationDISORDERS OF THE MOTOR SYSTEM. Jeanette J. Norden, Ph.D. Professor Emerita Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
DISORDERS OF THE MOTOR SYSTEM Jeanette J. Norden, Ph.D. Professor Emerita Vanderbilt University School of Medicine THE MOTOR SYSTEM To understand disorders of the motor system, we need to review how a
More informationMaking Things Happen: Simple Motor Control
Making Things Happen: Simple Motor Control How Your Brain Works - Week 10 Prof. Jan Schnupp wschnupp@cityu.edu.hk HowYourBrainWorks.net The Story So Far In the first few lectures we introduced you to some
More informationSpinal Cord Organization. January 12, 2011
Spinal Cord Organization January 12, 2011 Spinal Cord 31 segments terminates at L1-L2 special components - conus medullaris - cauda equina no input from the face Spinal Cord, Roots & Nerves Dorsal root
More informationName: BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY I (2012 sec 002) MIDTERM EXAM 3 (Practice exam)
Name: BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY I (2012 sec 002) MIDTERM EXAM 3 (Practice exam) Mark the ONE BEST letter choice (either A, B, C, D, or E) on the computer-graded sheet in NUMBER TWO PENCIL. If you need to erase,
More informationSincerely, Ms. Paoloni and Mrs. Whitney
Dear Students, Welcome to AP Psychology! We will begin our course of study focusing on the nervous system with a particular emphasis on how the brain and neurotransmitters influence our behaviors. In preparation
More informationThe Motor Systems. What s the motor system? Plan
The Motor Systems What s the motor system? Parts of CNS and PNS specialized for control of limb, trunk, and eye movements Also holds us together From simple reflexes (knee jerk) to voluntary movements
More informationBody control systems. Nervous system. Organization of Nervous Systems. The Nervous System. Two types of cells. Organization of Nervous System
Body control systems Nervous system Nervous system Quick Sends message directly to target organ Endocrine system Sends a hormone as a messenger to the target organ Slower acting Longer lasting response
More informationNeuroscience with Pharmacology 2 Functions and Mechanisms of Reflexes. Prof Richard Ribchester
Neuroscience with Pharmacology 2 Functions and Mechanisms of Reflexes Prof Richard Ribchester René Descartes Cogito, ergo sum The 21st century still holds many challenges to Neuroscience and Pharmacology
More informationHEAD AND NECK PART 2
HEAD AND NECK PART 2 INTEGRATED CURRICULUM = Integrate Basic Science and Clinical Training 1- ENT PATIENT EXAM IN ICS COURSE - Today and next week - Review/Preview Anatomy underlying ENT exam 2- NEUROANATOMY/NEUROLOGY
More informationChapter 7. Objectives
Chapter 7 The Nervous System: Structure and Control of Movement Objectives Discuss the general organization of the nervous system Describe the structure & function of a nerve Draw and label the pathways
More informationPSYC& 100: Biological Psychology (Lilienfeld Chap 3) 1
PSYC& 100: Biological Psychology (Lilienfeld Chap 3) 1 1 What is a neuron? 2 Name and describe the functions of the three main parts of the neuron. 3 What do glial cells do? 4 Describe the three basic
More informationChapter 7. The Nervous System: Structure and Control of Movement
Chapter 7 The Nervous System: Structure and Control of Movement Objectives Discuss the general organization of the nervous system Describe the structure & function of a nerve Draw and label the pathways
More informationChapter 9. Nervous System
Chapter 9 Nervous System Central Nervous System (CNS) vs. Peripheral Nervous System(PNS) CNS Brain Spinal cord PNS Peripheral nerves connecting CNS to the body Cranial nerves Spinal nerves Neurons transmit
More informationThe Nervous System. Neuron 01/12/2011. The Synapse: The Processor
The Nervous System Neuron Nucleus Cell body Dendrites they are part of the cell body of a neuron that collect chemical and electrical signals from other neurons at synapses and convert them into electrical
More informationNeurons, Synapses and Signaling. Chapter 48
Neurons, Synapses and Signaling Chapter 48 Warm Up Exercise What types of cells can receive a nerve signal? Nervous Organization Neurons- nerve cells. Brain- organized into clusters of neurons, called
More information10/15/2010. Biology and Behavior Behavioral neuroscience: Biology and Behavior. The Nervous System
Biology and Behavior Behavioral neuroscience: 2-1 Biology and Behavior To survive, human beings must be able to perform three interrelated activities: sensing events, or stimuli; processing stimuli; and
More informationAcetylcholine (ACh) Action potential. Agonists. Drugs that enhance the actions of neurotransmitters.
Acetylcholine (ACh) The neurotransmitter responsible for motor control at the junction between nerves and muscles; also involved in mental processes such as learning, memory, sleeping, and dreaming. (See
More informationPsychology in Your Life
Sarah Grison Todd Heatherton Michael Gazzaniga Psychology in Your Life SECOND EDITION Chapter 2 The Role of Biology in Psychology 1 2016 W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. 2.1 How Do Our Nervous Systems Affect
More informationSystems Neuroscience Dan Kiper. Today: Wolfger von der Behrens
Systems Neuroscience Dan Kiper Today: Wolfger von der Behrens wolfger@ini.ethz.ch 18.9.2018 Neurons Pyramidal neuron by Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852-1934, Nobel prize with Camillo Golgi in 1906) Neurons
More informationOutline of the next three lectures
Outline of the next three lectures Lecture 35 Anatomy of the human cerebral cortex gross and microscopic cell types connections Vascular supply of the cerebral cortex Disorders involving the cerebral cortex
More informationModule H NERVOUS SYSTEM
Module H NERVOUS SYSTEM Topic from General functions of the nervous system Organization of the nervous system from both anatomical & functional perspectives Gross & microscopic anatomy of nervous tissue
More informationThe Nervous System: Neural Tissue Pearson Education, Inc.
13 The Nervous System: Neural Tissue Introduction Nervous System Characteristics Controls and adjust the activity of the body Provides swift but brief responses The nervous system includes: Central Nervous
More informationBasal ganglia Sujata Sofat, class of 2009
Basal ganglia Sujata Sofat, class of 2009 Basal ganglia Objectives Describe the function of the Basal Ganglia in movement Define the BG components and their locations Describe the motor loop of the BG
More informationAxon Nerve impulse. Axoplasm Receptor. Axomembrane Stimuli. Schwann cell Effector. Myelin Cell body
Nervous System Review 1. Explain a reflex arc. 2. Know the structure, function and location of a sensory neuron, interneuron, and motor neuron 3. What is (a) Neuron Axon Nerve impulse Axoplasm Receptor
More informationNeural Communication. Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System. Communication in the Nervous System. 4 Common Components of a Neuron
Neural Communication Overview of CNS / PNS Electrical Signaling Chemical Signaling Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Somatic = sensory & motor Autonomic = arousal state Parasympathetic =
More informationBasal nuclei, cerebellum and movement
Basal nuclei, cerebellum and movement MSTN121 - Neurophysiology Session 9 Department of Myotherapy Basal Nuclei (Ganglia) Basal Nuclei (Ganglia) Role: Predict the effects of various actions, then make
More informationLesson 14. The Nervous System. Introduction to Life Processes - SCI 102 1
Lesson 14 The Nervous System Introduction to Life Processes - SCI 102 1 Structures and Functions of Nerve Cells The nervous system has two principal cell types: Neurons (nerve cells) Glia The functions
More informationLesson 33. Objectives: References: Chapter 16: Reading for Next Lesson: Chapter 16:
Lesson 33 Lesson Outline: Nervous System Structure and Function Neuronal Tissue Supporting Cells Neurons Nerves Functional Classification of Neuronal Tissue Organization of the Nervous System Peripheral
More informationKINE 4500 Neural Control of Movement. Lecture #1:Introduction to the Neural Control of Movement. Neural control of movement
KINE 4500 Neural Control of Movement Lecture #1:Introduction to the Neural Control of Movement Neural control of movement Kinesiology: study of movement Here we re looking at the control system, and what
More informationMaking Things Happen 2: Motor Disorders
Making Things Happen 2: Motor Disorders How Your Brain Works Prof. Jan Schnupp wschnupp@cityu.edu.hk HowYourBrainWorks.net On the Menu in This Lecture In the previous lecture we saw how motor cortex and
More informationBIOH111. o Cell Module o Tissue Module o Integumentary system o Skeletal system o Muscle system o Nervous system o Endocrine system
BIOH111 o Cell Module o Tissue Module o Integumentary system o Skeletal system o Muscle system o Nervous system o Endocrine system Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 1 Textbook and required/recommended
More informationChapter 17. Nervous System Nervous systems receive sensory input, interpret it, and send out appropriate commands. !
Chapter 17 Sensory receptor Sensory input Integration Nervous System Motor output Brain and spinal cord Effector cells Peripheral nervous system (PNS) Central nervous system (CNS) 28.1 Nervous systems
More information14 - Central Nervous System. The Brain Taft College Human Physiology
14 - Central Nervous System The Brain Taft College Human Physiology Development of the Brain The brain begins as a simple tube, a neural tube. The tube or chamber (ventricle) is filled with cerebrospinal
More informationChapter 17 Nervous System
Chapter 17 Nervous System 1 The Nervous System Two Anatomical Divisions Central Nervous System (CNS) Brain and Spinal Cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Two Types of Cells Neurons Transmit nerve impulses
More informationBrain and behaviour (Wk 6 + 7)
Brain and behaviour (Wk 6 + 7) What is a neuron? What is the cell body? What is the axon? The basic building block of the nervous system, the individual nerve cell that receives, processes and transmits
More informationThe motor system. To move things is all that mankind can do whether in whispering a syllable or in felling a forest C.
The motor system To move things is all that mankind can do whether in whispering a syllable or in felling a forest C. Sherrington 1920 Principles Components: Muscles, Spinal cord and spinal tracts, Subcortical
More informationCommunication within a Neuron
Neuronal Communication, Ph.D. Communication within a Neuron Measuring Electrical Potentials of Axons The Membrane Potential The Action Potential Conduction of the Action Potential 1 The withdrawal reflex
More informationσυν together απτειν to clasp 2h Neuroscience with Pharmacology Functions and Mechanisms of Reflexes Cogito, ergo sum ( I think therefore I am ) Down
2h Neuroscience with Pharmacology Functions and Mechanisms of Reflexes Neuroscience is studied at many different levels: from brain, to system, network, neurone, synapse, and molecule... Top Up Down René
More informationUnit 3: The Biological Bases of Behaviour
Unit 3: The Biological Bases of Behaviour Section 1: Communication in the Nervous System Section 2: Organization in the Nervous System Section 3: Researching the Brain Section 4: The Brain Section 5: Cerebral
More informationOVERVIEW. Today. Sensory and Motor Neurons. Thursday. Parkinsons Disease. Administra7on. Exam One Bonus Points Slides Online
OVERVIEW Today Sensory and Motor Neurons Thursday Parkinsons Disease Administra7on Exam One Bonus Points Slides Online 7 major descending motor control pathways from Cerebral Cortex or Brainstem
More informationCHAPTER 16 LECTURE OUTLINE
CHAPTER 16 LECTURE OUTLINE I. INTRODUCTION A. The components of the brain interact to receive sensory input, integrate and store the information, and transmit motor responses. B. To accomplish the primary
More informationNervous System CHAPTER 9. Copyright 2016 by Elsevier, Inc.
Nervous System CHAPTER 9 Copyright 2016 by Elsevier, Inc. Neurons and Supporting Cells Copyright 2016 by Elsevier, Inc. 2 Communication and Control Systems nervous system endocrine system uses chemicals
More informationNeurotransmitter Systems I Identification and Distribution. Reading: BCP Chapter 6
Neurotransmitter Systems I Identification and Distribution Reading: BCP Chapter 6 Neurotransmitter Systems Normal function of the human brain requires an orderly set of chemical reactions. Some of the
More informationStudy Guide Unit 2 Psych 2022, Fall 2003
Study Guide Unit 2 Psych 2022, Fall 2003 Subcortical Anatomy 1. Be able to locate the following structures and be able to indicate whether they are located in the forebrain, diencephalon, midbrain, pons,
More informationThe Nervous System. B. The Components: 1) Nerve Cells Neurons are the cells of the body and are specialized to carry messages through an process.
The Nervous System A. The Divisions: 1) The Central Nervous System includes the and. The brain contains billions of nerve cells called, and trillions of support cells called. 2) The Peripheral Nervous
More informationEE 791 Lecture 2 Jan 19, 2015
EE 791 Lecture 2 Jan 19, 2015 Action Potential Conduction And Neural Organization EE 791-Lecture 2 1 Core-conductor model: In the core-conductor model we approximate an axon or a segment of a dendrite
More informationArterial Blood Supply
Arterial Blood Supply Brain is supplied by pairs of internal carotid artery and vertebral artery. The four arteries lie within the subarachnoid space Their branches anastomose on the inferior surface of
More informationWarm-Up. Label the parts of the neuron below.
Warm-Up Label the parts of the neuron below. A B C D E F G Warm-Up 1. One neuron transmits a nerve impulse at 40 m/s. Another conducts at the rate of 1 m/s. Which neuron has a myelinated axon? 2. List
More informationHomework Week 2. PreLab 2 HW #2 Synapses (Page 1 in the HW Section)
Homework Week 2 Due in Lab PreLab 2 HW #2 Synapses (Page 1 in the HW Section) Reminders No class next Monday Quiz 1 is @ 5:30pm on Tuesday, 1/22/13 Study guide posted under Study Aids section of website
More informationNeurodegenerative Disease. April 12, Cunningham. Department of Neurosciences
Neurodegenerative Disease April 12, 2017 Cunningham Department of Neurosciences NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE Any of a group of hereditary and sporadic conditions characterized by progressive dysfunction,
More informationBASICS OF NEUROBIOLOGY NERVE ENDINGS ZSOLT LIPOSITS
BASICS OF NEUROBIOLOGY NERVE ENDINGS ZSOLT LIPOSITS 1 11. előadás. Prof. Liposits Zsolt NERVE ENDINGS I. Effectors and receptors 2 NERVE ENDINGS NEURONS COMMUNICATE WITH NON-NEURONAL ELEMENTS VIA SPECIALIZED
More information