Choosing Optimal Viral Vector for T-cell Transduction. Viral vectors for blood cells

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1 Choosing Optimal Viral Vector for T-cell Transduction Max Mamonkin, PhD Center for Cell and Gene Therapy Baylor College of Medicine PACT Webinar Nov 08, 2018 Viral for blood cells Short/long term gene expression T cell Stable gene expression Adenoviral (AdV) Gamma- retroviral Adenoassociated viral (AAV) Lentiviral Non-integrating Integrating

2 Viral for blood cells Short/long term gene expression T cell Stable gene expression Adenoviral (AdV) Gamma- retroviral Adenoassociated viral (AAV) Lentiviral Retrovirus Retroviruses ssrna viruses capable of integrating into host genome Can be modified to efficiently transduce T cells MoMLV, MSCV etc HIV, FIV, SIV etc Intechopen.org

3 Gammaretroviral vector Gammaretroviral genome In most viral genes are deleted to make room for transgene y-a Gag,, and env are provided in separate plasmids in packaging cells deleted + y-a Host specificity is dictated by env genes Packaging plasmids (not included in the virion) Adapted from Intechopen.org Gammaretro- vs SIN lentiviral Gammaretroviral ext. promoter Lentiviral (SIN) plasmid

4 Gammaretro- vs SIN lentiviral Gammaretroviral ext. promoter Lentiviral (SIN) plasmid +- +env packaging viral particle infection, RT integrated provirus Gammaretro- vs SIN lentiviral Gammaretroviral ext. promoter Lentiviral (SIN) +- +env packaging plasmid +- +env +rev packaging viral particle infection, RT infection, RT integrated provirus

5 Gammaretro- vs SIN lentiviral Gammaretroviral Lentiviral (SIN) High efficiency of T cell transduction Pseudotypes: RD114, GALV Cheap(er) to manufacture in cgmp Stable producer cell lines available Integrates in dividing cells only Smaller genome -> limited cargo (~4-5Kb) Transgene expression is driven by Tends to integrate near promoters, potential for insertional mutagenesis (HSC) Gammaretro- vs SIN lentiviral Gammaretroviral High efficiency of T cell transduction Pseudotypes: RD114, GALV Cheap(er) to manufacture in cgmp Stable producer cell lines available Integrates in dividing cells only Smaller genome -> limited cargo (~4-5Kb) Transgene expression is driven by Tends to integrate near promoters, potential for insertional mutagenesis (HSC) Lentiviral (SIN) Lower rates of transduction Mainly VSV-G pseudotype More complex production No cgmp-grade producer lines yet Dividing and non-dividing cells Higher cargo capacity Transgene expression is driven by an internal promoter More random integration in gdna, selfinactivating promoter

6 Interaction between the viral vector and its go TRAF2 TRAF2 Chimeric Antigen Receptor () 4-1BB Fas When expressed from a gammarv vector, 4-1BB.zeta s may enhance their own expression and amplify tonic signaling High tonic signaling can reduce viability and P IKK Selfamplification + CELL DEATH anti-tumor activity of T cells NF-kB Gomes-Silva et al. Cell Rep 2017 Interaction between the viral vector and its go TRAF2 TRAF2 Chimeric Antigen Receptor () 4-1BB Fas When expressed from a gammarv vector, 4-1BB.zeta s may enhance their own expression and amplify tonic signaling High tonic signaling can reduce viability and P IKK Selfamplification + CELL DEATH anti-tumor activity of T cells SOLUTIONS Reduce expression NF-kB Modify structure to reduce tonic signaling Use non- (SIN lentiviral) Gomes-Silva et al. Cell Rep 2017

7 cgmp production Gammaretroviral of gamma vector RV production and LV cgmp production Gammaretroviral of gammarv production stable producer line PG-13 Transduced PG-13 viral transduction RD114 pseudotyped RV (GLP)

8 cgmp production Gammaretroviral of gammarv production stable producer line PG-13 Transduced PG-13 cloning selection expansion MCB Stable producer (PG-13) viral transduction continuous production RD114 pseudotyped RV (GLP) aliquot, freeze, test GALV pseudotyped RV (cgmp) cgmp production Gammaretroviral of gammarv production transient transfection 293Vec-GALV DNA transfection plasmid

9 cgmp production Gammaretroviral of gammarv production transient transfection 293Vec-GALV Transiently transfected 293Vec-GALV Transiently transfected 293Vec-GALV 48h, 72h, 96h DNA transfection plasmid transient production GALV pseudotyped RV (cgmp) aliquot, freeze, test Phase 1 CD5 T cells (MAGENTA) Stable producer lines vs transient transfection

10 cgmp production Gammaretroviral of lentiviral production transient transfection HEK293 Transiently transfected HEK293 env (VSV-G) rev DNA transfection transient production LV plasmid env (VSV-G) rev + + VSV-G pseudotyped LV cgmp production Gammaretroviral of lentiviral production transient transfection HEK293 Transiently transfected HEK293 Toxicity to producer cell env (VSV-G) env (VSV-G) rev rev DNA transfection transient production LV plasmid Concentration Purification Formulation env (VSV-G) rev + + VSV-G pseudotyped LV

11 Gammaretroviral vs lentiviral % %