108 INDEX. Oesophageal cancer 7 4 Oralleukoplakias 64, 67

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1 Subject Index A antigen, Marek's disease virus 15,16,22 Acquired immune deficiency syndrome 2, 34, role of cytomegalovirus in Acute hepatitis 6 Acute hepatitis B 54 Acute liver disease 1 Adenomas 65 Adenoviruses 86 Ad 169 strain, cytomegalovirus 95 Aflatoxin 4, 57 AIDS, see Acquired immune deficiency syndrome AIDS-associated retrovirus 94, 99 AIDS-related complex 94, 99 Alcohol 57 Alimentary tract papillomas 68 a-fetoprotein 6, 8, 50 Anas domesticus 56 Antigens, see A, B, C antigens of Marek's disease virus; Core antigen, hepatitis B virus; HBeAg; HBsAg; Membrane antigen, Epstein-Barr virus; Nuclear antigen, Epstein Barr virus; papillomavirusspecific antigen; Retrovirus antigens; T antigens of polyoma-type viruses; Tumourassociated surface antigens, role of, in protection against Marek's disease Anti-HBs 2, 4, 9, 10,49 Anti-idiotypes, use of, as immunogens 86 Aotus 35 ARC, see AIDS-related complex ARV, see AIDS-associated retrovirus B antigen, Marek's disease virus 16 B-cell neoplasms 81, 8 2 'Beta herpesviridae', see Cytomegalovirus Betel nut leaves 70 B95-8 cell line 37-8, 39 Bovine papillomaviruses 64, 66, 68, 71 type 1 64,71 type2 64,71 type 4 68 Bowenoid papulosis 64, 67, 69 Bowen's disease 64, 69 Bracken fern, carcinogenic action of 68 Bronchus, cancer of 34 Burkitt's lymphoma 33, 41, 42, 93,95,99 Butchers, 'profession-specific' papillomavirus infections of 66, 71 Cancer 4, 33, 34, 63, 67, 70, 81,82,88 bronchus 34 in cattle 68 cervix 68, 69, 71, 73, 100 in deer 66 genital 68, 69,70 larynx 67, 70, 74 leukaemia 72 liver 1-11, 41, lung 3, 6 7, 7 0, 7 4 melanoma 96 nasopharynx 33,41, 42, 93 oesophagus

2 106 INDEX Cancer con't oral cavity 67 oropharynx 70, 74 penis 68, 69,73 in sheep 68 vulva 68, 69,73 C antigen, Marek's disease virus 16 Carbohydrate HTLV-Ill 85, 86 MA gp Carcinoma, see Cancer Cats, immunisation of, against retroviruses 84 Cattle, cancer in 64, 66, 68 Cervical cancer 68,69, 71, 73, 100 Cervical dysplasia 65, 66, 73 Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 69 Cervical lesions 64, 65, 66 C4/l cells 69 Chickens, herpesvirus-induced lymphoma of, see Marek's disease virus Chimpanzee carriers of hepatitis B virus, study of 53 Chimpanzees, use of, in testing of HTL V-III vaccines 87 Chondromas 66 Chronic liver disease 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 54,55 Chronic lymphatic leukaemia 72 Chronic persistent hepatitis 54 CIC, see Circulating immune complexes Cigarette smoking 3, 34 Circulating immune complexes 96-7 Cirrhosis 55 macronodular 51 post-hepatic 5, 6 c-myc oncogene 33 Condyloma acuminatum, see Genital warts Congenital inclusion disease 93 Core antigen, hepatitis B virus 47-8,49-51 Cottontail rabbit papillomavirus, see Shope papillomavirus Cotton-top tamarin, experimental infection of, with Epstein Barr virus 35-7, CRPV, see Shope papillomavirus C2 strain, Marek's disease virus 18 CVl 988 strain, Marek's disease Cytomegalovirus association of, with Kaposi's sarcoma and acquired immune deficiency syndrome biology of 93-5 Deer, cancer in 66 DELSH-5 cell line 50 Delta virus 4 7 DNA chick cell 18 cytomegalovirus 97 Epstein-Barr virus 36, 42 hepatitisbvirus 3,5,7,47, 49-52,53-7 herpes simplex virus 18, 95, 100 herpesvirus of turkeys 18 human papilloma virus 63, 65, 67, 69, 70, 71,100 liver cell 3, 5 Marek's disease virus 15,17-19, 22,23 Dogs, laryngeal papillomatosis of 66 Duck hepatitis B virus 6, 52, 53,56 e antigen of hepatitis B virus, see HBeAg EBV, see Epstein-Barr virus Epidemic non-a hepatitis 4 7 Epidermodysplasia verruciformis 67,68,69, 70,72 Epithelial hyperplasia 67 Epstein-Barr virus 17, 18, 33-46, 93,94,95,96,98,99 Equine infectious anaemia virus 85 Equine sarcoids 66 Factor VIII 97 FC126 strain, herpesvirus of turkeys Feline leukaemia virus 84 Ferritins 6 Fertility, effect on, of hepatitis Bvirus 9-10 Fibroepitheliomas 64, 66 Fibromas 65, 66 Fibrosarcomas 66 Fowl, diseases of, see Marek's disease virus GA strain, Marek's disease virus 18

3 INDEX 107 Genital cancer 68, 69, 70 Genital warts 64, 66, 67, 69,73 Glutaraldehyde-fixed lymphoblastoid cell lines, immunisation with, against Marek's disease virus 23 Glycoprotein( s) Marek's disease virus 16, 17 of retroviruses 82-4, 85, 87 Ground squirrel hepatitis B virus 56 Ground squirrels, experimental infection of, with hepatitis B virus 52 HBeAg 6,7,8,47,48,49,59,60 HBsAg 2, 4, 6, 9, 48, 49, 50-1, 59 HBV, see Hepatitis B virus HeLa cells 69 Hepadna viruses 53, 55-7 Hepatitis A, hepatitis B 4 7 Hepatitis B virus 1-11, 35,41, 47-62,86 and fertility and sex ratio 9-10 infection by, prevention of 7-9, mode of replication of 52-3 and primary hepatocellular cancer 3-7,49-57 structural and antigenic analysis of 47-9 Hepatitis virus 81 Hep 3B cell line 50 Herpesviruses 81, 86, 93, 94 herpesvirus saimiri 18, 34 herpes simplex virus 18, 69, 95,96 herpesvirus of turkeys 13, 14, 15,17,18,22,23,, 25, 26 HLA-DR antigen function 93, 99 Hodgkin's disease 72, 96 Homosexuality 94, 98 HPRS-16/att strain, Marek's disease virus 18, 23 HPRS- strain, Marek's disease virus 18 HPV, see Human papillomavirus infections HPV 1 66, 71, 7 3 HPV 2 66, 71 HPV 3 71 HPV 5 68, 71 HPV 6 66,67, 69,73 HPV7 66,71 HPV 8 68, 71,73 HPVll 66,67,69,73 HPV 16 66, 68, 69, 71,73 HPV18 66,68,69,70,71 HTLV-I 81 HTLV-II 81 HTLV-III, see Acquired immune deficiency syndrome HuBlym-1 oncogene 34 Human papillomavirus infections 63-80, 81, 99 biology of 64-5 epidemiology of 66-7 'Human viral hepatitis' 47 HVT, see Herpesvirus of turkeys HVT HP strain, herpesvirus of turkeys 18 HVT 01 strain, herpesvirus of turkeys 18 Immunoglobulin, hepatitis B 59,60 Immune stimulating complex 84, 86 Immunosuppressive treatment, effects of 33, 72, 93, 94 Infectious mononucleosis 41, 42 Infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome 93,94 Interstitial pneumonia 93 ICOM 84,86 JM strain, Marek's disease virus 18 JM/ 102W strain, Marek's disease JMV transplantable tumour 23 JN-16 strain, Marek's disease virus 22 Kaposi's sarcoma 82 'Koilocyte' 66 Laryngeal cancer 70, 74 Laryngeal papillomatosis 64, 66, 67,69, 73 LA V, see Lymphadenopathy-associated virus Lentiviruses 85 Leukaemia 72, 81,82 Leukoplakias, oral 64, 67 Liver cancer 1-11, 41, Liver disease, see Acute liver disease; Chronic liver disease; Cirrhosis; Liver cancer Long terminal repeat sequences of retroviruses 54-5 Lung cancer 3, 34, 70, 74 Lymphadenopathy 95

4 108 INDEX Lymphadenopathy-associated virus 81,94,99 Lymphomas 33, 34, 36, 37, 82, 96 (see also Burkitt's lymphoma; Hodgkin's disease) M-ABA cells 39 Macronodu1ar cirrhosis Macrophages, role of, in protection against Marek's disease 25-6 MA gp340 35, 37-9 Malaria 33, 94, 98 Marek's disease virus 13-31, 34, 39 attenuation of genome 15-6, protection against 22-3, 25-6 proteins 15-7 serotypes 13, 14-5 Marmota monax 55 MATSA, see Tumour-associated surface antigens in Marek's disease Md5 strain, Marek's disease Mdll strain, Marek's disease virus Md 11/7 5C strain, Marek's disease MDV, see Marek's disease virus MDV 19 strain, Marek's disease virus Melanoma 96 Membrane antigen, Epstein-Barr virus 35, 39,41 (see also MA gp340) Meningiomas 66 Mental retardation 93 Methylprednisolone 72 Mice, immunisation of, against retroviruses 84 Mice, nude, induction of tumours in 51 Murine retroviruses 86 Mycotoxins 57 Nasopharyngeal cancer 33, 41, 42, 93 NIH-3T3 cells 95 1-N itro-2, 4-dichloro benzene 72 Non-A, non-b hepatitis 47 Nuclear antigen, Epstein-Barr virus 37 Nude mice, rats, induction of tumours in 51 Oesophageal cancer 7 4 Oralleukoplakias 64, 67 Organ transplants 33, 72, 93, 94 Oropharyngeal cancer 70, 74 Owl monkey, experimental infection of, with Epstein-Barr virus 35 Papovaviruses 63 Penile cancer 68, 69, 73 Peptides, synthetic 86 Periarteritis nodosa 6 PHC, see Liver cancer Plasmodium falciparum 33 PLC/PRF /5 cell line 51, 53-4 Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia 95 Polio 81 Polyoma-type viruses 63 Polyomaviruses 71 Polypeptides, MDV -specific Post-hepatic cirrhosis 5, 6 Poultry, diseases of, see Marek's disease virus Pre-genomes 52 'Prevention by delay' 7 Primary hepatocellular cancer, see Liver cancer Promoter I insertion mechanism 55, 99 Protein(s) of Marek's disease virus 15-7 of retroviruses 82-4, 85,87 Rabbits, viral infections of, see Shope papillomavirus Rats, nude, athymic, induction of tumours in 51 Recombinant DNA methods, preparation of hepatitis vaccines by 2,57,59,60 Retrovirus antigens 82-4 Retrovirus infections, see Acquired immune deficiency syndrome Rhesus monkeys, use of, in testing of HTLV-III vaccines 87 RNA cytomegalovirus 97 hepatitis B virus 52 R-S developmental model for hepatitis B virus-primary hepatocellular carcinoma relation 4-7 Saguinus oedipus oedipus 3 5 Saliva 88 Sarcoids 66 S B 1 strain of herpesvirus of turkeys 14, 15, 17,23,, 25 Secretory immunity 88

5 INDEX 109 Semen 98 Sex ratio and hepatitis B virus 9-10 Sheep, cancer in 68 Shope papillomavirus 64, 67-8, 70, 71,72 S liver cells, see R-S developmental model for hepatitis B virusprimary hepatocellular carcinoma relation Smallpox 81 Smoking 3, 34, 69,70 Spermophilus beecheyi 56 STLV-III 87 Sub-unit vaccines against hepatitis B virus 57 against HTLV-III 87 against Marek's disease virus Surface antigen of hepatitis B virus, see HBsAg SV 40 Tamarins, see Cotton-top tamarin, experimental infection of, with Epstein-Barr virus T antigens of polyoma-type viruses 63 T -cell leukaemia 81 Towne strain, cytomegalovirus 9 5, 97 Transmembrane protein of retroviruses 82-4 Transplants, organ 33, 72, 93,94 Tumour-associated surface antigens, role of, in protection against Marek's disease 23, 25 Tunicamycin 41 Turkeys, herpesvirus of, see Herpesvirus of turkeys UL, Us regions, see Unique nucleotide sequences, of Marek's disease virus and herpesvirus of turkeys Unique nucleotide sequences, of Marek's disease virus and herpesvirus of turkeys 18, 19, 22 Vaccinia virus 42, 73, 86 Verrucae vulgares 63, 67 Visna virus 85 Vulval cancer 68, 69, 73 Warts, see Human papillomavirus infections Woodchuck hepatitis virus 55, 56 W 756 cells 69