Cytology of Inflammatory Cutaneous lesions in the Dog and Cat
|
|
- Thomasine Doyle
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Cytology of Inflammatory Cutaneous lesions in the Dog and Cat Rick L. Cowell, DVM, MS, MRCVS, Diplomate ACVP Clinical Pathologist IDEXX Laboratories Inc A. Cytologic Patterns of Inflammation: 1. Neutrophilic (Acute) Inflammation: Preparations in which greater than 70% of the cells are neutrophils. Suppurative or Purulent Inflammation are other terms used when there is a marked predominance of neutrophils (greater than 85%). The most common cause is a bacterial infection but other organisms (e.g., Sporothricosis) and many noninfectious disorders (e.g., necrotic areas in tumors, immune mediated disorders, etc) can cause neutrophilic inflammation. 2. Pyogranulomatous (Chronic Active) Inflammation: Preparations with an inflammatory population that contains both neutrophils and a prominent fraction of macrophages (15 to 50% macrophages). Multinucleated giant cells, reactive fibroblasts, and lymphocytes may be present also. Pyogranulomatous inflammation suggests a cause other than routine bacterial infection. Fungal infections (e.g., Blastomycosis), higher bacteria (e.g., Actinomyces), mycobacterium, protozoa, and noninfectious disorders (e.g., foreign bodies, necrosis) are common causes of pyogranulomatous inflammation. 3. Granulomatous (Chronic) Inflammation: Preparations in which greater than 50% of the cells are macrophages. Multinucleated inflammatory giant cells, reactive fibroblasts, and lymphocytes may be present also. Causes of granulomatous inflammation are similar to those that cause pyogranulomatous inflammation (e.g., fungal, mycobacterium, protozoa, foreign bodies, and necrosis). 4. Eosinophilic Inflammation: Preparations in which large proportions of the cells are eosinophils (greater than 10 to 20% eosinophils). The other cell types are often an admixture of neutrophils, macrophages, mast cells, and lymphocytes. High numbers of eosinophils occur with immune/allergic reactions, parasitic disorders (e.g., lungworms), certain fungal infections (e.g., phycomycosis), and neoplasia (e.g., mast cell tumors). Occasionally, eosinophil granules may stain a tan or muddy-brown in tissue preparations making them somewhat more difficult to recognize. However, their distinct granules allow for there identification. Also, neutrophils occasionally have a fine eosinophilic stippling in thick exudates and should not be confused with eosinophils. 5. Lymphocytic or Lymphocytic/Plasmacytic Inflammation: Preparations from nonlymphoid tissue that contain a large proportion of mature lymphocytes (small lymphocytes and plasma cells). This is differentiated from cutaneous lymphoma in 1
2 that lymphoma consists almost totally of large lymphoblasts. Lymphocytic/plasmacytic inflammation occurs with some injection site reactions, feline stomatitis/gingivitis, and lymphocytic/plasmacytic gastroenteritis. B. Neutrophils: Degenerative Vs Nondegenerative Neutrophils: 1. Degenerative Neutrophils: These are neutrophils that have lost their ability to control water homeostasis and are undergoing hydropic degeneration. As water diffuses into the cell and into the nucleus via nuclear pores, it causes the nucleus to swell, fill more of the cytoplasm, and stain homogeneously eosinophilic. The presence of degenerative neutrophils suggests a bacterial cause because these changes are due primarily to toxins produced by bacteria (e.g., endotoxin). However, the absence of degenerative neutrophils does not rule out a bacterial cause because bacteria may be present in low numbers and some bacteria produce low levels of toxin. Therefore, when degenerative neutrophils are present your suspicion of a bacterial infection is increased. Although all cell types are subjected to the same toxin, degenerative change is evaluated in neutrophils only. Also, degenerative changes can be induced by autolysis (rot), therefore, samples made from dead animals or samples collected and held for a long time before smears are made may show degenerative as well as pyknotic (see below) changes. 2. Nondegenerative Neutrophils: These are neutrophils with tightly clumped, basophilic nuclear chromatin. A few to many of the neutrophils may be hypersegmented or pyknotic (nuclear chromatin broken into tight, round spheres). These are aging changes that may occur in vivo or in vitro. C. Pathogenic Bacteria: 1. General comments: a. With the routine blood stains (Wrights, Diff-Quik, Dip-Stat) all bacteria (Grampositive and Gram-negative) stain blue to purple (basophilic) with a few exceptions like Mycobacterium that do not stain. Mycobacterium spp. have a lipid cell wall and therefore do not stain but appear as nonstaining small rods. Intracellular bacteria indicate a bacterial infection (primary or secondary) while extracellular bacteria may represent a bacterial infection or contamination. Bacterial infections often have bacteria intracellularly and extracellularly while contamination has only extracellular bacteria. Also, evaluate the bacteria to determine if only one population exists (e.g., monomorphic population of cocci or rods) or if a mixture of rods and cocci or variably sized rods exists (e.g., pleomorphic population). Pleomorphic bacteria are common with infections from GI origin, bite wounds, etc. b. Gram Stains can be used but it is very difficult to get reproducible, accurate staining of bacteria when they are in exudative effusions. Cells and exudative 2
3 proteins stain red with Gram Stain and bacteria, whether Gram-positive or Gram-negative, tend to stain red in exudative effusions. This makes Gram stain a poor choice when trying to confirm the presence of bacteria since it is difficult to see red bacteria in a red-staining background. 2. Coccoid bacteria: Pathogenic bacterial cocci in veterinary medicine are typically Gram-positive (Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp.). Dermatophilus congolensis replicates by transverse and longitudinal division, producing long chains of coccoid bacterial doublets that resemble small, blue, railroad tracts. 3. Bacterial rods: Small bacterial rods are typically gram-negative, and all pathogenic small, bipolar rods are Gram-negative. Common small bacterial rods include E. coli and Pasteurella spp. Large spore forming bacterial rods usually indicate Clostridium spp. Filamentous rods are usually Actinomyces or Nocardia spp. They are characterized by long, slender (filamentous) strands that stain pale blue, and have intermittent, small, pink or blue areas. D. Nonpathogenic Bacteria: 1. Contaminants from the oral cavity like Simonsiella spp. are considered nonpathogenic. Simonsiella organisms are found extracellularly and often adhered to superficial squamous epithelial cells. They are bacteria that divide lengthwise and line up in parallel rows giving the appearance of a single, large bacterium. Their presence indicates oropharyngeal contamination. E. Common Pathogenic Fungi: 1. Small Yeast s: a. Sporothrix schenckii organisms are round to oval to fusiform (cigar-shaped) and are about 3-9 u long and 1-3 u wide. They stain pale to medium blue with a slightly eccentric pink or purple nucleus. b. Histoplasma capsulatum organisms are round to slightly oval, but are not fusiform. They are about 2-4 u in diameter, stain pale to medium blue, and contain an eccentric pink to purple staining nucleus that is often crescent shaped. There is usually a thin clear halo around the yeast. 2. Medium sized yeast s: a. Blastomyces dermatitidis organisms are blue, spherical, 8-20 u in diameter, and thick walled. Occasional organisms showing broad-based budding may be found. 3
4 b. Cryptococcus neoformans organisms are extremely variable in size but are generally 4-15 u in diameter without their capsule and 8-40 um in diameter with their capsule (thick mucoid). The organism stains pink to blue-purple and may be slightly granular. The capsule is usually clear and homogenous. Also, nonencapsulated forms of Cryptococcus may be found. These appear similar but have a thin clear capsule. Occasional organisms showing narrow-based budding may be found. 3. Large yeast s: a. Coccidioides immitis organisms range from 10 to greater than 100 u in diameter. They appear as blue or clear, double contoured spheres with finely granular protoplasm and will often appear folded or crumpled. Round endospores, 2-5 u in diameter may be seen in some of the larger organisms. 4. Fungi that primarily form hyphae: a. Fungi that form hyphae require culture for specific identification. Some hyphating fungi do not stain well with the hematologic-type stains (Phycomycosis). 5. Dermatophytes: a. Microsporum and Trichophyton spp. are the dermatophytes that commonly cause ringworm. Scrapings from the edge of the lesion, stained with Wright s stain, readily show small spores and mycelia on and within hair shafts. F. Other organisms: 1. Protozoal organisms: 2. Algae: a. Leishmania donovani: Tend to be associated with a granulomatous or pyogranulomatous reaction. Leishmania organisms are oval, 2-4 microns in diameter, have a blue to light purple nucleus, and a small dark blue to purple, rod-shaped kinetoplast. Though variable, the kinetoplast tends to be located between the nucleus and greatest volume of cytoplasm. a. Protothecal infections tend to be associated with a granulomatous or pyogranulomatous reaction. Prototheca spp. are round to oval organisms that are 1 to 14u wide and 1 to 16u long, have a granular basophilic cytoplasm, and a thin clear cell wall. They are associated with cutaneous infections in cats and disseminated disease in dogs (often with GI signs). G. Noninfectious inflammatory lesions: 4
5 1. Many noninfectious inflammatory lesions are encountered in Veterinary Medicine. Some examples are: a. Cysts: Fluid from a variety of cystic lesions (salivary mucocele, seroma, hygroma) is commonly evaluated cytologically. Most cystic fluids contain moderate to high numbers of macrophages, although some cysts are of low cellularity. The macrophages may be relatively small, unstimulated macrophages resembling blood monocytes or large, actively phagocytic macrophages with abundant vacuolated cytoplasm. Neutrophils may be present in low, moderate or high numbers resulting from inflammation induced by the pressure of the cyst (remember, neutrophils mean inflammation not infection). Intracystic hemorrhage occasionally occurs and is recognized by the presence of RBC breakdown products (hemosiderin, hematoidin). Fluid from a salivary mucocele can often be recognized by the presence of amorphous blue mucus tufts or clouds or pillows scattered amongst the cells. Follicular or epidermal cysts typically contain only high numbers of mature (often nonnucleated) superficial squamous epithelial cells and some epithelial debris. If cyst contents rupture into the tissue they invoke a foreign body inflammatory response resulting in variable numbers of inflammatory cells (typically neutrophils and macrophages). b. Neoplasia: Tumors often out grow their blood supply and create necrotic areas that contain many inflammatory cells (typically neutrophilic or pyogranulomatous inflammation). c. Injection site reactions: These may be neutrophilic, pyogranulomatous, granulomatous, or lymphocytic. Occasionally amorphous, homogeneous, brightly eosinophilic material may be seen extracellularly and within macrophages with vaccine reactions. d. Eosinophilic granuloma: Scrapings or aspirates usually contain high numbers of eosinophils. Often, especially in scrapings, numerous free eosinophil granules are present in the background of the smear. Fibroblasts are present in variable numbers. e. Steatitis (fat necrosis, panniculitis): Aspirates from areas of inflamed fat typically consist of inflammatory cells and high numbers of variably sized lipid vacuoles. Granulomatous (histiocytic) inflammation is most common, although pyogranulomatous and purulent inflammation may be seen. The macrophages often contain numerous small, clear, lipid vacuoles within their cytoplasm. Large, multinucleated macrophages are commonly seen and must not be confused with neoplastic cells. f. Immune-mediated skin lesions: Many nondegenerative neutrophils and necrotic debris are seen on aspirates from pustules associated with pemphigus. 5
6 Occasionally, acantholytic cells (rounded squamous epithelial cells) are observed. g. Insect bites: May range from neutrophilic to eosinophilic to mixed to all basophils (Jones-Mote reaction). 6
Proceeding of the SEVC Southern European Veterinary Conference
www.ivis.org Proceeding of the SEVC Southern European Veterinary Conference Oct. 17-19, 2008 Barcelona, Spain http://www.sevc.info Reprinted in the IVIS website with the permission of the SEVC www.ivis.org
More informationDiagnostic Cytology of Cancer Cases
Diagnostic Cytology of Cancer Cases Somporn Techangamsuwan Companion Animal Cancer Research Unit (CAC-RU) Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University 1 Tumor or Non-tumor
More informationDermatology Diagnostics: Cutaneous Cytology
DERMATOLOGY Dermatology Diagnostics: Cutaneous Cytology Chris Reeder, DVM, DACVD BluePearl Veterinary Partners, Franklin, Tennessee shutterstock.com/komsan Loonprom Cytology is one of the most important
More informationVETERINARY HEMATOLOGY ATLAS OF COMMON DOMESTIC AND NON-DOMESTIC SPECIES COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL SECOND EDITION
VETERINARY HEMATOLOGY ATLAS OF COMMON DOMESTIC AND NON-DOMESTIC SPECIES SECOND EDITION COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL CHAPTER ONE HEMATOPOIESIS GENERAL FEATURES All blood cells have a finite life span, but in normal
More informationEDUCATIONAL COMMENTARY DISTINGUISHING MORPHOLOGIC LOOK-ALIKES
EDUCATIONAL COMMENTARY DISTINGUISHING MORPHOLOGIC LOOK-ALIKES Educational commentary is provided through our affiliation with the American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP). To obtain FREE CME/CMLE
More informationAlmost any suspected tumor can be aspirated easily and safely. Some masses are more risky to aspirate including:
DOES THIS PATIENT HAVE CANCER? USING IN-HOUSE CYTOLOGY TO HELP YOU MAKE THIS DIAGNOSIS. Joyce Obradovich, DVM, Diplomate, ACVIM (Oncology) Animal Cancer & Imaging Center, Canton, Michigan Almost every
More informationThe Differentiation of Yeast and Yeast-Like Forms in Human Tissues. Introduction. Histochemical Stains Used to Detect Fungi. Histopathologic Diagnoses
The Differentiation of Yeast and Yeast-Like Forms in Human Tissues Gary W. Procop, MD Chair, Clinical Pathology Staff, Anatomic Pathology Director, Molecular Microbiology, Mycology, and Parasitology Cleveland
More informationHEMATOLOGY: BLOOD SMEAR REVIEW IN THE EMERGENCY SETTING
HEMATOLOGY: BLOOD SMEAR REVIEW IN THE EMERGENCY SETTING Deanna Schaefer, DVM, MS, MT(ASCP), Dipl ACVP Assistant Professor, Veterinary Clinical Pathology, University of Tennessee The main objective of this
More informationLGM International, Inc.
Liqui-PREP TM Cytology Atlas Preface The following pictures are examples with descriptions of cytology slides processed with the Liqui-PREP TM System.. The descriptions are reviewed by Pathologists. It
More informationLymphoma Tumor Board Quiz! Laboratory Hematology: Basic Cell Morphology
Lymphoma Tumor Board Quiz! Laboratory Hematology: Basic Cell Morphology CABOT RINGS Cabot rings in a patient with hemolytic anemia. Cabot ring (red arrow) and Howell-Jolly body (blue arrow). Observed in
More informationAutopsy findings in 51 year-old man with mantle cell lymphoma
Autopsy findings in 51 year-old man with mantle cell lymphoma Bobbi S. Pritt, MD, MSc Professor of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic Disclosure of Relevant Financial Relationships USCAP requires
More informationImpression smear from a nasal mass on a 2 year old cat Presented with: one month duration of epistaxis
Impression smear from a nasal mass on a 2 year old cat Presented with: one month duration of epistaxis Identify the structures neutrophils macrophages x40 Organisms 8 30 micron in size, with variable capsule
More informationEDUCATIONAL COMMENTARY MORPHOLOGIC ABNORMALITIES IN LEUKOCYTES
EDUCATIONAL COMMENTARY MORPHOLOGIC ABNORMALITIES IN LEUKOCYTES Educational commentary is provided through our affiliation with the American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP). To obtain FREE CME/CMLE
More informationProudly Presents: CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
Chicago Veterinary Medical Association Shaping the Future of Veterinary Medicine - Promoting the Human-Animal Bond Proudly Presents: CLINICAL PATHOLOGY With: ANNE BARGER DVM, MS, DACVP April 13, 2016 Chicago
More informationThis is the second learning component (Learning Component 2) in our first learning module (Learning Module 1). In this component we review a very
This is the second learning component (Learning Component 2) in our first learning module (Learning Module 1). In this component we review a very basic response to injury inflammation. We ll look at examples
More informationFungi. Eucaryotic Rigid cell wall(chitin, glucan) Cell membrane ergosterol Unicellular, multicellular Classic fungus taxonomy:
MYCOLOGY Mycology I Fungi Eucaryotic Rigid cell wall(chitin, glucan) Cell membrane ergosterol Unicellular, multicellular Classic fungus taxonomy: Morphology Spore formation FFungi Yeast Mold Yeastlike
More informationBlood Cell Identification Graded
BCP-21 Blood Cell Identification Graded Case History The patient is a 37-year-old female with a history of multiple sickle cell crises. She now presents with avascular necrosis of the left hip. Laboratory
More information2015 Descriptive Vet Path Course. Histo Exam #3 KEY
2015 Descriptive Vet Path Course Histo Exam #3 KEY Test 3, Slide 1 Tissue from a guinea pig. MORPHOLOGIC DIAGNOSIS: Heart: Multifocally and randomly (1 pt), within the left and right ventricular myocardium
More informationCytoplasmic changes Nuclear changes
The presence of infection in the female genital tract may procure certain cellular changes in the epithelium. Such changes are seen in nucleus and cytoplasm surrounding the nucleus. Cytoplasmic changes
More informationHISTOPATHOLOGY. Shannon Martinson
HISTOPATHOLOGY Shannon Martinson March 2013 Case #1 History: 8 year old beagle Neck pain for the past couple of weeks Paresis, followed by paralysis developed over the past few days Gross Description courtesy
More informationParticipants Identification No. % Evaluation. Mitotic figure Educational Erythrocyte precursor, abnormal 1 0.
Cell Identification Mitotic figure 212 99.5 Educational Erythrocyte precursor, abnormal BMD-02 The arrowed cell is a mitotic figure. It was correctly identified by 99.5% of the participants. A cell containing
More informationCELL AND TISSUE INJURY COURSE-II PATHOLOGY LABORATORY
CELL AND TISSUE INJURY COURSE-II PATHOLOGY LABORATORY PATHOLOGY of INFECTIOUS DISEASES MICROSCOPY Rengin Ahıskalı Macroscopy samples are shown in the macroscopy presentations of the first two courses.
More informationHistopathology: chronic inflammation
Histopathology: chronic inflammation These presentations are to help you identify, and to test yourself on identifying, basic histopathological features. They do not contain the additional factual information
More informationEDUCATIONAL COMMENTARY DIFFERENTIATING IMMATURE PERIPHERAL BLOOD CELLS
Educational commentary is provided through our affiliation with the American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP). To obtain FREE CME/CMLE credits click on Continuing Education on the left side of the
More informationIntroduction. 23 rd Annual Seminar in Pathology. FLUIDS, Part 1. Pittsburgh, PA Gladwyn Leiman UVMMC, VT
23 rd Annual Seminar in Pathology Pittsburgh, PA Gladwyn Leiman UVMMC, VT FLUIDS, Part 1 "Blue walls", Claudia Hansen, 2009 Introduction o Challenging to everyone o Almost any benign or malignant process
More informationPATHOLOGY Intracellular Degeneration LAB 1
PATHOLOGY Intracellular Degeneration LAB 1 Cellular swelling Liver Organ :- Liver Lesion :- 1. Narrowing of hepatic sinusoids due to the swelling of hepatocyte. 2. The cytoplasm of affected hepatocyte
More informationSubmission of samples. Cytology of Lumps and Bumps. Evaluation of samples. Use caution interpreting. Criteria of malignancy.
Submission of samples Cytology of Lumps and Bumps Paul Avery VMD, PhD, DACVP paul.avery@colostate.edu Air dry only No wet fixation using formalin or ethanol Stain 1-2 on-site to evaluate quality Send all
More informationCYTOLOGY OF THE LIVER
CYTOLOGY OF THE LIVER Maxey L. Wellman, DVM, PhD, DACVP (Clinical Pathology) Professor, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
More informationEDUCATIONAL COMMENTARY MORPHOLOGIC CHANGES IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD CELLS
EDUCATIONAL COMMENTARY MORPHOLOGIC CHANGES IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD CELLS Educational commentary is provided through our affiliation with the American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP). To obtain FREE CME/CMLE
More informationNecrosis is death of cells and tissues in the living animal. Focal/ Multifocal necrosis- terms used for one
Necrosis Necrosis Necrosis is death of cells and tissues in the living animal. Focal/ Multifocal necrosis- terms used for one or more, small, clearly defined areas of necrosis. Diffuse necrosis- term used
More informationUrine Sediment Photographs
Urine Sediment Photographs Case History CMP-04 This urine sample is from a 35-year-old female as part of a routine exam. Laboratory data include: Specific Gravity = 1.015; ph = 7.0; ketones, glucose, protein,
More informationBy Dr. Mohamed Saad Daoud
By Dr. Mohamed Saad Daoud Part I Introduction Types of White Blood Cells Genesis of the White Blood Cells Life Span of the White Blood Cells Dr. Mohamed Saad Daoud 2 Leucocytes Introduction: Infectious
More informationCINtec p16 INK4a Staining Atlas
CINtec p16 INK4a Staining Atlas Rating Rating Positive The rating positive will be assigned if the p16 INK4a -stained slide shows a continuous staining of cells of the basal and parabasal cell layers of
More informationUrine Sediment Photomicrographs/Photographs
Urine Sediment Photomicrographs/Photographs Case History CMP-17 This urine sample is from a 48-year-old male with a 30-year history of diabetes mellitus and new onset renal failure. Laboratory data include:
More informationSalivary Gland Cytology
Salivary Gland Cytology Diagnostic challenges and potential pitfalls Tarik M. Elsheikh, MD Professor and Medical Director Anatomic Pathology Cleveland Clinic FNA Salivary Gland Lesions Indications Distinguish
More informationCytology in Veterinary Practice: Sample Collection, Slide Preparation and Interpretation Guidelines
Cytology in Veterinary Practice: Sample Collection, Slide Preparation and Interpretation Guidelines ASPIRATION OF A MASS A. Rick Alleman, DVM, PhD, DABVP, DACVP Lighthouse Veterinary Consultants, LLC Gainesville,
More informationImmune Responses KEY CONCEPT The immune system has many responses to pathogens and foreign cells.
SECTION 31.3 Immune Responses KEY CONCEPT The immune system has many responses to pathogens and foreign cells. Student text pages 950 954 SC.912.L.14.52 Many body systems work to produce nonspecific responses.
More informationAnatomy. Lymph: Tissue fluid that enters a lymphatic capillary (clear fluid that surrounds new piercings!)
Lymphatic System Anatomy Lymphatic vessels: meet up in capillaries of of tissues to collect extra water, and have an end point of meeting up with lymphatic ducts that empty fluid into large veins in the
More informationFNA of Thyroid. Toward a Uniform Terminology With Management Guidelines. NCI NCI Thyroid FNA State of the Science Conference
FNA of Thyroid NCI NCI Thyroid FNA State of the Science Conference Toward a Uniform Terminology With Management Guidelines Thyroid Thyroid FNA Cytomorphology NCI Thyroid FNA State of the Science Conference
More informationAvian Pathology. Bacterial diseases: histo slides. ECVP-ESVP Summer School 2012 Frédérique NGUYEN
Avian Pathology Bacterial diseases: histo slides ECVP-ESVP Summer School 2012 Frédérique NGUYEN Bacterial diseases: histo slides B1. Turkey. Organs? Morphologic diagnosis? Special procedure? B2. Hen. Organ?
More informationHematopathology Lab. Third year medical students
Hematopathology Lab Third year medical students Objectives Identify the lesion Know the specific name of the lesion Know associated disease Know relevant pathologic background Spherocytes: appear small,
More informationVPM 201: Veterinary Bacteriology and Mycology 23-24/11/2011 LABORATORY 11: MYCOLOGY
VPM 201: Veterinary Bacteriology and Mycology 23-24/11/2011 LABORATORY 11: MYCOLOGY I. Overview of Major Groups of Pathogenic Fungi. Although the Kingdom Fungi have been undergoing considerable phylogenetic
More informationBlood: Functions. Liquid connective tissue 3 general functions 1. Transportation. 2. Regulation. 3. Protection
Blood Elements Lecture Objectives List blood components. Classify formed elements of blood. Discuss the scientific basis of the above classification. Describe the basic structure of erythrocytes and criteria
More informationHELMINTHS IMAGE DISEASE STAGE SOURCE SYMPTOMS FOUND LEN TAENIA SAGINATA (BEEF) TAENIA SOLIUM (PORK) TAENIASIS (TAPEWORM)
HELMINTHS IMAGE DISEASE STAGE SOURCE SYMPTOMS FOUND LEN TAENIA SAGINATA (BEEF) TAENIA SOLIUM (PORK) TAENIASIS (TAPEWORM) HOOKS /AND /OR/SUCKERS SCOLEX (ADULT) INGESTION OF CONTAMINATED PORK OR BEEF DIARRHEA
More informationSalivary Glands 3/7/2017
Salivary Glands 3/7/2017 Goals and objectives Focus on the entities unique to H&N Common board type facts Information for your future practice Salivary Glands Salivary Glands Major gland. Paratid. Submandibular.
More informationPRESENTATION PLAN. Aim: Bethesda System 2001
REACTIVE CELLULAR CHANGES AND INFECTIONS OF FEMALE GENITAL TRACT Aysun Uğuz, Prof, MD, FIAC Çukurova Üniv. Tıp Fak. Pathology Department-Cytology Division 18.Nisan.2015 Aim: The aim of the presentation
More informationnumber Done by Corrected by Doctor Mousa Al-Abbadi
number 11 Done by Husam Abu-Awad Corrected by Muhammad Tarabieh Doctor Mousa Al-Abbadi The possible outcomes of an acute inflammation are the following: 1- A complete resolution in which the tissue returns
More information, , 2011 HODGKIN LYMPHOMA
European Federation of Cytology Societies 4tu Annual Tutorial in Cytopathology Trieste, June 6-10, 2011 HODGKIN LYMPHOMA Classification The World Health Organization Classification of Lymphomas (2001)
More informationSheet #7. Dr. Heba Kalbouneh. Dr. Heba Kalbouneh. Dr. Heba Kalbouneh
Sheet #7 Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Dr. Heba Kalbouneh Connective tissue The differences between epithelial and connective tissue - Epithelial cells are tightly packed (no or minimal spaces
More informationAfrican Trypanosomes
African Trypanosomes Giemsa-stained blood smear of African trypanosomes viewed under the 100X objective lens. The block arrows denote trypomastigote forms of the African trypanosomes found within the blood
More informationMORPHOLOGIC DIAGNOSIS: Liver: Hepatitis, necrotizing, multifocal to coalescing, severe, with numerous trichomonads. (3 pt)
Case 1. Tissue from a pelican. MICROSCOPIC DESCRIPTION: Liver: Approximately 80% (1 pt) of the liver is replaced by multifocal to coalescing areas of coagulative and lytic necrosis. Centrally, within these
More informationClinical Cytology of Companion Animals: Part 2. Cytology of subcutaneous swellings, skin tumours and skin lesions
GENERAL COMMISSIONED PAPER Clinical Cytology of Companion Animals: Part 2. Cytology of subcutaneous swellings, skin tumours and skin lesions E. Teske (1) INTRODUCTION Subcutaneous swellings, skin tumours,
More informationHistopathology Description:
2013-2-1 CANINE HEART Ahmed M. Abubakar BOVINE PATHOLOGY CONTRIBUTING INSTITUTION : The Royal Veterinary college, Dept. of Pathology and Biology Signalment: 11-month-old male Border Collie dog (Canis familiaris)
More informationFig. LPS in Gram negative bacteria
Structure of bacterial cell Dentistry college - first class Medical biology- Lec.3 Lecturer D. Hanan S A- Cell wall ***Chemical composition of the cell wall Bacteria are divided into two separated groups
More informationCytology of NeoPlasia
PEEr reviewed Cytology of NeoPlasia An Essential Component of Diagnosis Anne Barger, DVM, MS, Diplomate ACVP Cytology is a quick, easy, and inexpensive diagnostic tool. It is commonly used for the diagnosis
More informationPathology lab 4 DONE BY : MORAD ABU QAMAR
Pathology lab 4 DONE BY : MORAD ABU QAMAR Chronic interstitial inflammation, lung Certain etiologic agents such as viruses are more likely to lead to chronic inflammation, as seen here in the lung of a
More informationEPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CUTANEOUS ROUND CELL TUMORS DIAGNOSED USING ASPIRATIVE CYTOLOGY IN DOGS
Scientific Works. Series C. Veterinary Medicine. Vol. LXIII (1) ISSN 2065-1295; ISSN 2343-9394 (CD-ROM); ISSN 2067-3663 (Online); ISSN-L 2065-1295 Abstract EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
More informationA Look at the Lymphoid System Rose Raskin, DVM, PhD, DACVP Purdue University West Lafayette, IN
A Look at the Lymphoid System Rose Raskin, DVM, PhD, DACVP Purdue University West Lafayette, IN The lymphoid organs commonly biopsied include the peripheral and internal lymph nodes, spleen, and occasionally
More informationEpidemiology and ecology of fungal diseases
Epidemiology and ecology of fungal diseases Healthcare Focus on: - individual - diagnosis - treatment Public Health Focus on: - population - prevention The nature of fungi Kingdom Fungi (lat. fungus, -i)
More informationNon_ pathogenic Amoeba of humans:
The parasite protozoa Phylum: Sarcomastigophora Sarcodina االميبات Amoebae Non_ pathogenic Amoeba of humans: 1. Entamoeba hartmanii, contain trophozoite and cyst 2. Entamoeba coli, cyst and trophozoite
More informationMicroscopic Sediment Miscellaneous
Miscellaneous urine sediment structures Mucous - threadlike, transparent. Low light is needed in order to be able to see mucous threads. Usually a vaginal contaminant. Do not confuse with casts. Mucous
More informationParticipants Identification No. % Evaluation. Mitotic figure Educational Erythrocyte precursor, abnormal/
Cell Identification BMD-09 Participants Identification No. % Evaluation Mitotic figure 233 96.7 Educational Erythrocyte precursor, abnormal/ 4 1.7 Educational dysplastic nuclear features Erythrocyte precursor
More informationCHRONIC INFLAMMATION
CHRONIC INFLAMMATION Chronic inflammation is an inflammatory response of prolonged duration often for months, years or even indefinitely. Its prolonged course is proved by persistence of the causative
More informationnumber Done by Corrected by Doctor Heyam Awad
number 4 Done by Waseem Abu Obeida Corrected by Saad Al-Hayek Doctor Heyam Awad Cell injury -in the previous lectures we talked about the causes (etiology) and the mechanism (pathogenesis) of cell injury.
More informationAsian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology
Research Article ISSN: 2349 7114 Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology Journal home page: www.ajrpsb.com ENTAMO ENTAMOEBA COLI AS STRONG PHAGOCYTIC PARASITIC ORGANISM Mosab
More informationAcute pneumonia in a cat
Acute pneumonia in a cat Elspeth Milne, Anita Schwartz, Alasdair Stuart, Danielle Gunn-Moore, Kerry Simpson and Sionagh Smith, Division of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United
More informationAnaphylactic response in rabbit Part II
Anaphylactic response in rabbit Part II Introduction Four types of hypersensitivity reactions: Type I: allergy Type II: antibodies Type III: immune complex Type IV: T-cells Type I Hypersensitivity ALLERGY
More informationHistopathology: Cell necrosis and cytoplasmic accumulations
Histopathology: Cell necrosis and cytoplasmic accumulations These presentations are to help you identify basic histopathological features. They do not contain the additional factual information that you
More informationHyphomycetes & Coelomycetes Identification. Taxonomic Systems for Identification of the Anamorphs of Conidiogenous Fungi
Hyphomycetes & Coelomycetes Identification Saccardo ~1880 devised the first practical scheme for identifying fungi based on structure (morphology) of the conidium. "Sylloge Fungorum IV" Vuillemin ~ 1910
More informationPrepared By Jocelyn Palao and Layla Faqih
Prepared By Jocelyn Palao and Layla Faqih The structure of the suspected atypical cell should always be compared to the structure of other similar, benign, cells which are present in the smears. The diagnosis
More informationBlood Cell Identification Graded
Blood Cell Identification Graded Case History The patient was a five-day-old girl with an elevated unconjugated bilirubin and a weakly positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT). Her CBC showed: WBC = 11.0
More informationCellular Pathology. Histopathology Lab #2 (web) Paul Hanna Jan 2018
Cellular Pathology Histopathology Lab #2 (web) Paul Hanna Jan 2018 Slide #91 Clinical History: a necropsy was performed on an aged cat the gross pathological changes included: widespread subcutaneous edema
More informationMedical Mycology. Dr. Hala Al Daghistani
Medical Mycology Dr. Hala Al Daghistani Mycotic Infections GENERAL CONCEPTS A. The fungi represent a diverse, heterogeneous group of eukaryotic B. Most of these organisms are plant pathogens and relatively
More informationHyphomycetes & Coelomycetes Identification
Hyphomycetes & Coelomycetes Identification Saccardo ~ 1880 devised the first practical scheme for identifying fungi based on structure (morphology) of the conidium. "Sylloge Fungorum IV" Vuillemin ~ 1910
More informationOverview of Microbiology. James D. Dick, PhD Johns Hopkins University
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License. Your use of this material constitutes acceptance of that license and the conditions of use of materials on this
More informationThe basis of Disease
General Curriculum The basis of Disease ZHOU REN 周韧 Prof., M.D., Ph.D. Institute of Pathology & Forensic Medicine Department of Pathology & Patho-physiology Zhenjiang University Judicial Evidence & Evaluation
More informationOsteomyelitis (Inflammation of the Bone and Bone Marrow) Basics
Osteomyelitis (Inflammation of the Bone and Bone Marrow) Basics OVERVIEW Sudden (acute) or long-term (chronic) inflammation of bone and its associated soft-tissue elements of bone marrow, endosteum (lining
More informationChapter 2 Normal Components
Chapter 2 Normal Components Epithelial Elements Tracheal and Bronchial Respiratory Epithelium Normal bronchial respiratory epithelium usually appears as monolayer tissue fragments and strips in bronchoscopic
More informationAcute and Chronic Inflammation Pathology 1 - Dr. Gary Mumaugh
Acute and Chronic Inflammation Pathology 1 - Dr. Gary Mumaugh Introduction Injurious stimuli cause a protective vascular connective tissue reaction called inflammation Acute and chronic forms o Inflame
More informationHistopathology: granulomatous inflammation, including tuberculosis
Histopathology: granulomatous inflammation, including tuberculosis These presentations are to help you identify basic histopathological features. They do not contain the additional factual information
More informationNorth American Endemic Fungi
North American Endemic Fungi Boni Elizabeth Elewski, MD Chair Department of Dermatology University of Alabama at Birmingham James Elder Professor of Graduate Medical Education DISCLOSURE OF FINANCIAL RELATIONSHIPS
More informationFigure 2: Lymph node Cortical follicular (F) and paracortical (PC) atrophy, with narrowing of the cortex relative to the medulla (M).
Figure 1: Lymph node Follicular hyperplasia, with expansion of the follicular germinal centres (F) by large blast cells. Paracortical hyperplasia, with expansion of the paracortex (PC) by small lymphocytes.
More informationWSC , Conference 9, Case 1. Tissue from a nyala.
WSC 2009-2010, Conference 9, Case 1. Tissue from a nyala. MICROSCOPIC DESCRIPTION: Heart, atrium (1 pt.): Approximately 40% of the atrial myocardium is replaced by areas of fibrous connective tissue (1
More informationPathology of the Hematopoietic System GROSS/HISTO LAB
Pathology of the Hematopoietic System GROSS/HISTO LAB Paul Hanna (thanks to Dr s Aburto, Martinson & Fenton) Fall 2014 Slide 1 Spleen from a Beaver Give a morphologic diagnosis and possible etiology &
More informationAcid-Fastness of Histoplasma in Surgical Pathology Practice
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine 2017; 51: 482-487 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Acid-Fastness of Histoplasma in Surgical Pathology Practice Madhu Rajeshwari Immaculata Xess 1 Mehar Chand Sharma Deepali
More informationINFLAMMATION & REPAIR
INFLAMMATION & REPAIR Histopath Laboratory 1 Winter 2013 Chelsea Martin Special thanks to Drs. Hanna and Forzan Goals: Examine Tissue and Identify the Organ Describe the lesion, grossly and histologically
More informationBODY FLUID ANALYSIS. Synovial Fluid. Synovial Fluid Classification. CLS 426 Urinalysis and Body Fluid Analysis Body Fluid Lecture Session 1
BODY FLUID ANALYSIS Synovial Fluid Serous fluids the 3 P s Peritoneal Pleural Pericardial Cerebrospinal Fluid Karen Keller, MT(ASCP), SH Synovial Fluid Lubricant and sole nutrient source of joint. Normal
More informationThe Morphologic Identification of Common Organisms That May Look Alike in the General Pathology Practice: A Brief Review
Ibnosina J Med BS 227 PATHOLOGY CORNER The Morphologic Identification of Common Organisms That May Look Alike in the General Pathology Practice: A Brief Review Jenna Boué 1, Basil M. Kahwash 2, Sean Kirby
More informationG. Types of White Blood Cells
1. White blood cells are also called leukocytes. G. Types of White Blood Cells 2. White blood cells function to protect against diseases. 3. Two hormones that stimulate white blood cell production are
More informationDERMATOLOGY SKIN DISEASE: APPROACH TO DIAGNOSIS
DERMATOLOGY SKIN DISEASE: APPROACH TO DIAGNOSIS History Clinical Examination List and Prioritise Differentials Diagnostic Testing/Trials (eg Treatment Trial) Correlate All Findings History Signalment age,
More informationCase 1. Slide 1 History: 65 year old male presents with bilateral pleural effusions, a 40 pack year smoking history and peripheral and hilar lung
Case 1. Slide 1 History: 65 year old male presents with bilateral pleural effusions, a 40 pack year smoking history and peripheral and hilar lung masses. Specimen shown is from a tap of the pleural effusion.
More information1 Trophozoite stage : The typical characteristics of this stage are :
Lecturer : Nerran K.F.AL- Rubaey Practical parasites Lab - 2 - Genus : Entamoeba coli It is considered to be a nonpathogenic with world wide distribution. That frequently exists as a commensal parasite
More informationDEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY
UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES, ONDO DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY BLOOD AND BODY FLUID PHYSIOLOGY LECTURER: MR A.O. AKINOLA OBJECTIVES Leukopoiesis Thrombopoiesis Leukopoiesis and Lymphopoiesis White blood
More informationProkaryotic Cell Structure
Prokaryotic Cell Structure Chapter 3 Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes DNA Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Organelles Size & Organization Kingdoms 1 Where do viruses fit in? Acellular microorganisms Cannot reproduce outside
More informationProkaryotic Cell Structure
Prokaryotic Cell Structure Chapter 3 Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes DNA Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Organelles Size & Organization Kingdoms Where do viruses fit in? Acellular microorganisms Cannot reproduce outside
More informationWhere are we heading?
Unit 4: Where are we heading? Unit 4: Introduction Unit 1: Why should we care about infectious diseases? Unit 2: What does it mean to have an infectious disease? Unit 3: When does a microbe become a pathogen?
More informationIncorporating Differentials Into Every Complete Blood Count. Paige Flowers, LVT Dogwood Veterinary Internal Medicine
Incorporating Differentials Into Every Complete Blood Count Paige Flowers, LVT Dogwood Veterinary Internal Medicine Complete Blood Count Diagnostic performed to evaluate the quantity and morphology of
More informationWSC , Conference 9. Case 1. Tissue from a rhesus macaque.
Case 1. Tissue from a rhesus macaque. MICROSCOPIC DESCRIPTION: Esophagus: There is multifocal loss of the mucosal lining (1 pt). In these areas, the denuded subepithelial fibrous connective tissue is infiltrated
More informationمحاضرة مناعت مدرس المادة :ا.م. هدى عبدالهادي علي النصراوي Immunity to Infectious Diseases
محاضرة مناعت مدرس المادة :ا.م. هدى عبدالهادي علي النصراوي Immunity to Infectious Diseases Immunity to infection depends on a combination of innate mechanisms (phagocytosis, complement, etc.) and antigen
More informationLymphoid System: cells of the immune system. Answer Sheet
Lymphoid System: cells of the immune system Answer Sheet Q1 Which areas of the lymph node have most CD3 staining? A1 Most CD3 staining is present in the paracortex (T cell areas). This is towards the outside
More information