3) What part of a feedback loop processes information and determines an appropriate response? A) receptor B) effector C) set point D) integrator

Transcription

1 AnS SI 214 Practice Exam 1 Introduction, Respiratory Immune Sunday, 1/31, 7pm Select the best answer choice in the questions below. 1) Which of the following is a characteristic of a secondary immune response? A) A secondary immune response is started by naïve lymphocytes, while a primary immune response is initiated by memory cells. B) A secondary immune response does produce as many antibodies compared to a primary immune response. C) A secondary immune response is slower than a primary immune response. D) A secondary immune response lasts longer than a primary immune response. 2) Antibodies use all of the following mechanisms to attack pathogens directly except: A) agglutination B) complement fixation C) cell lysis D) precipitation E) neutralization 3) What part of a feedback loop processes information and determines an appropriate response? A) receptor B) effector C) set point D) integrator 4) Anatomic dead space plus the nonfunctional alveolar space equals the physiologic dead space. A) True B) False 5) Which of the following terms means to coat bacteria, making them easier to phagocytize by macrophages and neutrophils? A) opsonization B) complement fixation C) pyrexia D) MAC coating 6) If you become overheated, which of the following negative feedback mechanisms are used to lower your body temperature? A) sweating and vasoconstriction of surface blood vessels B) shivering and vasoconstriction of surface blood vessels C) sweating and vasodilation of surface blood vessels D) shivering and vasodilation of surface blood vessels 7) Air moves into the lungs because: A) the volume of the lungs decreases with inspiration. B) the gas pressure in the lungs becomes lower than the outside pressure as the diaphragm contracts. C) contraction of the diaphragm decreases the volume of the pleural cavity. D) the thorax is muscular. E) the internal intercostal muscles decrease the thoracic cavity volume. 8) Which is correctly matched? A) B cells: suppress the immune response once the foreign antigen has been cleared from the body. B) Helper T cells: recognize virus-infected cells C) Regulatory T cells: make antibodies D) Cytotoxic T cells: activated by antigens bound to MHC I 9) Molecules which elicit an immune response are called: A) APCs B) agglutinins

2 C) antibodies D) antigens 10) Alveolar ventilation rate is: A) the utilization of oxygen by alveolar cells to support metabolism. B) the movement of dissolved gases from the alveoli to the blood. C) the movement of air into and out of the alveoli during a particular time. D) less than the pulmonary ventilation rate because of dead space. E) movement of dissolved gases from the blood to the alveoli. 11) Pleural fluid is important for all of these reasons except: A) reduces cohesion of water molecules B) lubricates pleural cavity C) helps to create pressure gradient D) assists in inflation of lungs E) allows for compartmentalization of thorax 12) If you were inoculated with hepatitis A vaccine, a population of this type of cell would begin to make the appropriate antibody: A) neutrophils B) helper T lymphocytes C) B lymphocytes D) cytotoxic T lymphocytes E) natural killers 13) All of the following factors will cause the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to be lower except: A) lower ph B) rising body temperature C) lower po2 in tissues D) elevated BPG levels E) lower carbon dioxide concentrations 14) Infected cells of the pancreas would display a foreign antigen fragment on a/an: A) complement 3b B) immunoglobulin A C) MAC membrane complex D) MHC I E) MHC II 15) The genetic condition which causes an individual to exhibit symptoms of Down's syndrome is called A) aneuploidy. B) Jergen's polymesia. C) trisomy 21. D) achromatism. E) non-disjunction. 16) Hemoglobin has a tendency to release oxygen where: A) temperature is lower. B) partial pressures of oxygen are higher. C) ph is more acidic. D) ph is more alkaline. E) partial pressures of carbon dioxide are lower. 17) If your blood pressure started to rise very rapidly, a set of activities that your body would undertake to reverse this potentially dangerous condition would probably begin. The processes that would restore stability are called, collectively, A) homeostasis. B) negative feedback. C) set point.

3 D) the cell theory. E) positive feedback. 18) What is the correct mrna sequence derived from transcription of the following DNA sequence? ATGCAGCATAA A) ATGCAGCATAA B) TACGTCGTATT C) UACGUCGUAUU D) UACGTCGUAUT 19) Most of the carbon dioxide transported by the blood is: A) bound to hemoglobin. B) dissolved in plasma. C) converted to bicarbonate ions and transported in plasma. D) bound to the same protein as carbon dioxide. E) carried by white blood cells. 20) These cells recognize non-self antigens and produce lymphokines to stimulate the cells that actually make the antibodies: A) cytotoxic T B) helper T C) suppressor T D) natural killers E) memory T 21) Humoral immunity is provided by: A)antibodies. B)interferons. C)T cells. D)complement proteins. 22) Which respiratory measurement is normally the greatest? A) Inspiratory capacity B) Residual volume C) Expiratory reserve volume D) Vital capacity E) Tidal volume 23) Which of the following is NOT a function of the conducting zone? A) Transport of air B) Gas exchange C) Mucous secretion D) Warming of air E) Cleansing of air 24) In the alveoli, the partial pressure of oxygen is A) lower than the PO2 of venous blood. B) much higher than the PO2 of arterial blood. C) equal to that in the tissues. D) the same as the PO2 of venous blood. E) about 104 mmhg. 25) Which of the following (circle all that apply) are necessary for plasma cells to produce the high volume of antibodies? A) centrioles B) golgi apparatus C) mitochondria D) ribosomes E) ER

4 Essay Topics Below are 11 sample essay questions. For each, draft the response you would provide on an actual exam. Use key words and topic sentences to make an outline of a potential essay. Make sure to draw any diagrams required. Note: Most of these questions can most easily be answered with a schematic representation accompanied by brief descriptions of the drawn elements. In other words: if it helps DRAW A PICTURE. Intro. 1. Explain the components of negative feedback, and contrast it to positive feedback. Give detailed examples of each to illustrate the mechanism. 2. THIS WILL NOT BE AN ESSAY QUESTION, BUT KNOW THE BASICS: Explain the mechanism of transmission for an X-linked recessive genetic disease. Give an example of an existing condition with this sort of genetic propagation, and draw a sample family tree illustrating the specifics of disease progression through three generation. Respiratory. 1. Trace the path of oxygen and carbon dioxide through the body, explaining the main areas of partial pressure shifts. 2. List the 4 laws of gas exchange (with definitions) and explain the application of each to respiration. 3. Recreate the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve and restate, in your own words, the concepts represented by the curve. Explain the effects of ph and heat on this curve.

5 4. Compare and contrast, in detail, 4 points of difference between avian and mammalian respiration. 5. Explain the pathway involved with the transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide accross the red blood cell at the lungs and body tissue levels (ie. how does oxygen get off on/off hemoglobin, and how does this relate to how carbon dioxide gets from the tissues to the alveoli?) Immune: 1. Explain, in detail, the effects of HIV on the immune system. 2. Trace the path of activation for a T cell. Be sure to note the differences in post-activation functions of TC and TH cells.

6 3. Trace the path of activation for a B cell. Be sure to note the differences in post-activation functions of plasma and memory cells. 4. Explain why re-exposure to an antigen will not illicit clinical sickness. 6. Compare and contrast MHCI and MCHII protein roles in the body.