Integrated Disease Management Based on Cultivar Susceptibility
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1 Integrated Disease Management Based on Cultivar Susceptibility David S. Jones Graduate Student, University of Wisconsin - Madison
2 Lots Of Unknowns for Cold-Climate Cultivars Cultivar BR DM PM Phom. Anthr. S Cu? +????? Edelweiss??????? Foch Yes Yes Frontenac No? Frontenac gris No? La Crescent ?? La Crosse ?? Marquette ???? St. Croix? ?? Degree of susceptibility/sensitivity: + = slightly; ++ = moderately; +++ = highly;? = not known
3 Objectives 1. Determine relative disease susceptibility to downy mildew, powdery mildew, and black rot in popular cold climate wine grape cultivars 2. Determine distinctions between foliar and fruit susceptibility to disease 3. Generate extension literature to promote understanding of disease symptoms and signs
4 Experimental Design 3 vineyard sites ( vines/site) 8 popular cultivars Visual ratings from bud break through harvest in 15 and 16 Visual scale of = no disease, 2 = 1-25% disease, 3 = 26-5% disease, 4 = >5% disease Additional fruit ratings: percentage of cluster damage estimated 2 3 4
5 Field Sites West Madison Agricultural Research Station, zone 5b One vineyard, WMARS Peninsular Agricultural Research Station, zone 5a Two vineyards, PARS 1 and PARS 2
6 Downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola), Powdery mildew (Erisyphe necator), Black rot (Guignardia bidwellii) No artificial inoculation Previous reports of problems with all three diseases at both WMARS and PARS The Pathogens
7 4. 4. WMARS 15 PARS 1 15 Foliar Downy Mildew Susceptibility Downy mildew rating May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct
8 4. 4. WMARS 15 PARS 1 15 Foliar Downy Mildew Susceptibility Downy mildew rating May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct WMARS 16 PARS 1 16 PARS 2 16 Downy mildew rating May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct
9 Fruit Downy Mildew Susceptibility >9% damage in both years at all sites All other cultivars not susceptible Percent of clusters damaged by downy mildew Cultivar WMARS 15 PARS 1 15 WMARS 16 PARS 1 16 PARS 2 16 Frontenac Frontenac gris La Crescent Marquette St. Croix >9 >9 >9 >9 >9 Marquette Frontenac
10 Susceptibility Summary Downy Mildew Risk of Foliar Damage Severe High High to Moderate Moderate to Low Low Cultivar * = La Crescent St. Croix Frontenac = Frontenac gris Very Low *Fruits are susceptible to disease. Marquette
11 4. 4. WMARS 15 PARS 1 15 Foliar Powdery Mildew Susceptibility Powdery mildew rating May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct
12 4. WMARS 15 PARS Foliar Powdery Mildew Susceptibility Powdery mildew rating May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct WMARS 16 PARS 1 16 PARS Powdery mildew rating May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct
13 Fruit Powdery Mildew Susceptibility, Frontenac, Frontenac gris most severely damaged Consistent with foliar ratings Percent clusters damaged by powdery mildew Percent clusters damaged by powdery mildew PARS 1 PARS 2 Frontenac Frontenac gris Frontenac Frontenac gris La Crescent LaCrescent Marquette St. Croix La Crescent August August Marquette PARS 1 PARS 2 Frontenac Frontenac gris Frontenac Frontenac gris La Crescent Marquette St. Croix LaCrescent September September Marquette
14 Fruit Powdery Mildew Susceptibility La Crescent minimally damaged Consistent with foliar ratings Middling cultivars Percent clusters damaged by powdery mildew Percent clusters damaged by powdery mildew PARS 1 PARS 2 Frontenac Frontenac gris Frontenac Frontenac gris La Crescent LaCrescent Marquette St. Croix La Crescent August August Marquette PARS 1 PARS 2 Frontenac Frontenac gris Frontenac Frontenac gris La Crescent Marquette St. Croix LaCrescent September September Marquette
15 Susceptibility Summary Powdery Mildew Risk of Foliar Damage Severe High Moderate Low Cultivar ** = Frontenac** = Frontenac gris** Marquette* * St. Croix* Very Low La Crescent* = * **Fruit and/or rachises are highly susceptible to disease *Fruit and/or rachises are slightly to moderately susceptible to disease
16 4. 4. WMARS 15 PARS 15 Foliar Black Rot Susceptibility Black rot rating May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct
17 4. WMARS 15 PARS Foliar Black Rot Susceptibility Black rot rating May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct WMARS 16 PARS 1 16 PARS Black rot rating May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct
18 Fruit Black Rot: Incidence Percent clusters damaged by black rot Percent clusters damaged by black rot 1 PARS 1 16 PARS Front Frontgr LaCresc Marq StCroix Front Frontgr LaCresc Marq Percent clusters damaged by black rot WMARS 16 Front Frontgr LaCresc Marq StCroix
19 Fruit Black Rot: Incidence Percent clusters damaged by black rot Percent clusters damaged by black rot 1 PARS 1 16 PARS Front Frontgr LaCresc Marq StCroix Front Frontgr LaCresc Marq Percent clusters damaged by black rot WMARS 16 Front Frontgr LaCresc Marq StCroix
20 Fruit Black Rot: Severity Percent damage per cluster PARS 1 16 PARS 2 16 Percent damage per cluster Front Frontgr LaCresc Marq StCroix Front Frontgr LaCresc Marq Percent damage per cluster WMARS 16 Front Frontgr LaCresc Marq StCroix
21 Fruit Black Rot: Severity Percent damage per cluster PARS 1 16 PARS 2 16 Percent damage per cluster Front Frontgr LaCresc Marq StCroix Front Frontgr LaCresc Marq Percent damage per cluster WMARS 16 Front Frontgr LaCresc Marq StCroix
22 Susceptibility Summary Black Rot Risk of Foliar Damage Severe High Cultivar ***, Marquette*** Frontenac**, Frontenac gris** Moderate * Low *, St. Croix* Very Low La Crescent* *** Fruits are severely at risk for black rot damage **Fruits are moderately at risk for black rot damage *Fruits are slightly at risk for black rot damage
23 Future Work: Conventional Spray Reduction Growth Stage Target Pathogen Fungicide Dormant A Sulforix 1" Shoot P Mancozeb 3-5" Shoot P, PM Mancozeb + Quintec Bud Break - Bloom BR, P, PM, DM Revus Top Mid-Bloom B, BR, P, PM, DM Captan + Endura Late-Bloom - Shatter BR, P, PM, DM Mancozeb + Quintec First Cover (7-1 days after shatter) BR, PM, DM Revus Top Second Cover (1-14 days later) BR, PM, DM Mancozeb + Forum Third cover BR, PM, DM Mancozeb + Quintec Fourth Cover BR, PM, DM Mancozeb + Forum Fifth Cover BR, PM, DM Captan + Endura Sixth Cover PM, DM Captan + Quintec Seventh Cover PM, DM Prophyt + Endura Eighth Cover PM, DM Revus Top Additional Covers PM, DM Prophyt + Endura Last Cover PM, DM Prophyt + Armicarb 16+ Sprays Nicole Ward, Extension Pathologist, University of Kentucky 13
24 Modified Conventional Spray Trial Example: Marquette Cultivar: Marquette Disease Risk of Damage to Foliage Risk of Damage to Fruit Downy Mildew Low None Powdery Mildew High Moderate Black Rot Moderate High Growth Stage Target Pathogen Fungicide Dormant Black Rot Sulforix* Bud Break - Bloom Black Rot, powdery mildew Mancozeb + Torino Late Bloom - Shatter Black rot, powdery mildew Mancozeb + Vivando First Cover (7-1 days after shatter) Black rot, powdery mildew Captain + Endura Second Cover (1-14 days later) Black rot, powdery mildew Mancozeb + Quintec Additional Covers: PM is identified Powdery mildew Potassium Salts *Also conduct vineyard sanitation (remove vineyard mummies) at this stage 5 recommended sprays + supplemental sprays against PM vs. 16 recommended sprays
25 Conclusions Both severe susceptibility and relative resistance exist in the super-hardy cultivars Cultivar choice may influence disease management Important distinctions between fruit and foliar susceptibility should be expressed Additional cold-climate cultivars should be added and compared
26 Acknowledgements Co-Authors: Dr. Patty McManus Committee Dr. Doug Rouse Dr. Amanda Gevens UW Research Station Staff: Matt Stasiak, PARS Janet Hetdke, WMARS Statistics: Peter Crump Guilherme Nuñes-Ludwig
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