Hot Sync. Materials Needed Today. Pencil Pass forward your Genetics Packet
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1 Materials Needed Today Please take these materials out of your backpack. Pencil Pass forward your Genetics Packet Hot Sync Wednesday11/6/13 Answer the following questions in complete sentences on your hotsync paper. 1) What would you do if you knew that later in your life you were going to get cancer?
2 4.2 Understanding Inheritance Punnett square pedigree incomplete dominance codominance multiple alleles sex chromosomes polygenic inheritance genetic disorder
3 Materials Needed Today Please take these materials out of your backpack. Pencil Highlighter Text books Hot Sync Wednesday 11/5/14 Answer the following questions in complete sentences on your hotsync paper. 1) Describe as best as you can: how does a baby inherit genes from his or her mother and father? 2) Regarding yourself, what is your favorite phenotype? Do you think the genotype for that phenotype is recessive or dominate? Why?
4 Today you will highlight important information as you read through the packet. Genetics Packet Finish through #7 on page 5 by tomorrow.
5 Team Roles Genetics packet Reader One person will read the packet to the team as the team members follow along. (the reader may allow others to help read.) Occasionally stop and summarize what was just read. Facilitator One person will make sure that every person is involved and on task, making sure everyone s opinion is heard and accepted. Recorder/reporter make sure that every one in their team has the answers written down on their own packets. They will also report for the group when necessary. Affirmer/Timekeeper will make sure to encourage and affirm all group members throughout the lesson. They will also make sure to keep an eye on the time and notify the group.
6 Modeling Inheritance Two tools can be used to identify and predict traits among genetically related individuals. Punnett square pedigree 4.2 Understanding Inheritance Heredity
7 Punnett Squares 4.2 Understanding Inheritance A Punnett square is a model used to predict possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring. If the genotypes of the parents are known, the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring can be predicted.
8 One-Trait Model 4.2 Understanding Inheritance The Punnett square shows the possible offspring of a cross between two truebreeding pea plants one with yellow seeds and one with green.
9 One-Trait Model (cont.) 4.2 Understanding Inheritance The only possible genotype for hybrid offspring is heterozygous Yy. The phenotype will be yellow seeds because Y is dominant to y.
10 One-Trait Model (cont.) 4.2 Understanding Inheritance
11 Two-Trait Model 4.2 Understanding Inheritance The possible offspring of two heterozygous genotypes Yy and Yy would have three different genotypes and two phenotypes.
12 Pedigrees 4.2 Understanding Inheritance All the genetically related members of a family are part of a family tree. A pedigree shows genetic traits that were inherited by members of a family tree. Pedigrees are important tools for tracking complex pattern of inheritance and genetic disorders in families.
13 4.2 Understanding Inheritance Pedigrees (cont.) A pedigree chart that shows three generations of a family.
14 Types of Dominance 4.2 Understanding Inheritance Alleles show incomplete dominance when they produce a phenotype that is a blend of the parents phenotypes. When both alleles can be observed in the phenotype, the interaction is called codominance. The human blood type AB is an example of codominance.
15 Multiple Alleles 4.2 Understanding Inheritance Some genes have more than two alleles, or multiple alleles. The human ABO blood group is determined by multiple alleles as well as codominance. There are three different alleles for the ABO blood type IA, IB, and i.
16 Multiple Alleles (cont.) 4.2 Understanding Inheritance
17 Sex-Linked Inheritance 4.2 Understanding Inheritance Chromosomes X and Y are the sex chromosomes they contain the genes that determine gender or sex. Except for sperm and eggs, each cell in a male has an X and a Y chromosome, and each cell in a female has two X chromosomes. A recessive phenotype is observed in a male when a one-allele gene on his X chromosome has a recessive allele.
18 Sex-Linked Inheritance (cont.) 4.2 Understanding Inheritance In this family, the grandmother s genome included the color blindness allele.
19 Polygenic Inheritance 4.2 Understanding Inheritance Polygenic inheritance is when multiple genes determine the phenotype of a trait. Many phenotypes are possible when possible when polygenic inheritance determines a trait.
20 Maternal Inheritance 4.2 Understanding Inheritance Humans inherit mitochondrial genes only from their mothers. Inheritance of traits related to the mitochondria can be traced from grandmother to grandchildren. How are the traits of parents inherited and expressed in offspring?
21 Human Genetic Disorders 4.2 Understanding Inheritance If a change occurs in a gene, the organism with the mutation may not be able to function as it should. An inherited mutation can result in a phenotype called a genetic disorder.
22 Human Genetic Disorders (cont.) 4.2 Understanding Inheritance
23 Genes and the Environment 4.2 Understanding Inheritance An organism s environment can affect its phenotype. Genes affect heart disease, but so do diet and exercise. Genes affect skin color, but so does exposure to sunlight.
24 4.2 Understanding Inheritance 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D Punnett squares model the of offspring. A genotypes B phenotypes C genotypes and phenotypes D genes 0% 0% 0% 0% A B C D
25 4.2 Understanding Inheritance 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D What is the term for when alleles produce a phenotype that is a blend of the parents phenotypes? A incomplete dominance B codominance C multiple alleles D polygenic inheritance 0% 0% 0% 0% A B C D
26 4.2 Understanding Inheritance 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D How many Y chromosomes do females have? A 0 B 1 C 2 D 4 0% 0% 0% 0% A B C D
27 Materials Needed Today Please take these materials out of your backpack. Pencil Text books Notes Chpt 4 Lesson 1 Review Hot Sync Thursday 9/26/13 Copy the following table and fill in the first two columns in complete sentences on a blank sheet of paper. Get your notes in order!!!!
28 The Punnett Square
29 Materials Needed Today Please take these materials out of your backpack. Pencil Test Corrections pass up Article Pass Up Hot Sync Friday 9/27/13 Copy the following table and fill in the first two columns in complete sentences on a blank sheet of paper. If a White rabbit and a Black (NOT PURE BRED) rabbit have offspring, what percent of the offspring will have White Fur? Black Fur? (USE A PUNNETT Square!)
30 Lab Finish Traits packet (graph) When finished answer # s 1-4 on Page 193 regarding your packet.
31 4.1 Foundations of Genetics 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D What is the passing of traits from parents to offspring called? A inheritance B genetics C heredity D allele 0% 0% 0% 0% A B C D
32 4.1 Foundations of Genetics 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D What are the alleles that make up an organism called? A genes B genotype C phenotype D factors 0% 0% 0% 0% A B C D
33 4.1 Foundations of Genetics 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D If two alleles for a gene have the same information, what kind of genotype does that gene have? A homologous B recessive C heterozygous D homozygous 0% 0% 0% 0% A B C D
34 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D What is the term for the idea that offspring are a blend of genetic material from both parents? A polygenic inheritance B sex-linked inheritance C maternal inheritance D blending inheritance 0% 0% 0% 0% A B C D
35 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D What type of alleles can only be observed in the phenotype when they are present as a homozygous genotype? A dominant B recessive C inherited D heterozygous 0% 0% 0% 0% A B C D
36 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D What is a good example of a trait that is determined by multiple alleles? A color of camellia flowers B human AB blood type C color blindness D human ABO blood group 0% 0% 0% 0% A B C D
37 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D Why are male humans more likely to be color-blind than females? A maternal inheritance B sex-linked inheritance C polygenic inheritance D incomplete dominance 0% 0% 0% 0% A B C D
38 SCI 2.d 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D If two plants with genotypes Mm are crossed, what percent of the offspring will have phenotype M? A 0% B 25% C 75% D 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% A B C D
39 SCI 2.c, 2.d 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D What is the term for when more than one gene determine a trait? A incomplete dominance B multiple alleles C polygenic inheritance D sex-linked inheritance 0% 0% 0% 0% A B C D
40 SCI 2.d 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D Which does NOT describe Mendel s experiments? A Mendel observed several generations of plants. B Mendel chose pea plants because they reproduce quickly. C Mendel counted small numbers of offspring. D Mendel used true-breeding plants. A 0% 0% 0% 0% B C D
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42 Chapter Resources Menu Chapter Assessment California Standards Practice Concepts in Motion Image Bank Science Online Interactive Table Virtual Lab BrainPOP Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding feature.
43 Some people just don t have the coordination gene
44 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D What is the term for the idea that offspring are a blend of genetic material from both parents? A polygenic inheritance B sex-linked inheritance C maternal inheritance D blending inheritance 0% 0% 0% 0% A B C D
45 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D What type of alleles can only be observed in the phenotype when they are present as a homozygous genotype? A dominant B recessive C inherited D heterozygous 0% 0% 0% 0% A B C D
46 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D What is the term for the idea that inheritance of one trait is not influenced by inheritance of another trait? A law of independent assortment B law of heredity C law of segregation D maternal inheritance A 0% 0% 0% 0% B C D
47 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D What is a good example of a trait that is determined by multiple alleles? A color of camellia flowers B human AB blood type C color blindness D human ABO blood group 0% 0% 0% 0% A B C D
48 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D Why are male humans more likely to be color-blind than females? A maternal inheritance B sex-linked inheritance C polygenic inheritance D incomplete dominance 0% 0% 0% 0% A B C D
49 SCI 2.c 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D Which pea trait did Mendel not study? A seed color B pod color C flower position D flower shape 0% 0% 0% 0% A B C D
50 SCI 2.d 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D If two plants with genotypes Mm are crossed, what percent of the offspring will have phenotype M? A 0% B 25% C 75% D 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% A B C D
51 SCI 2.c, 2.d 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D What is the term for when more than one gene determine a trait? A incomplete dominance B multiple alleles C polygenic inheritance D sex-linked inheritance 0% 0% 0% 0% A B C D
52 SCI 2.d 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D Which does NOT describe Mendel s experiments? A Mendel observed several generations of plants. B Mendel chose pea plants because they reproduce quickly. C Mendel counted small numbers of offspring. D Mendel used true-breeding plants. A 0% 0% 0% 0% B C D
53 SCI 2.d 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D What type of genetic disorder is hemophilia? A dominant B X-linked recessive C codominant D recessive 0% 0% 0% 0% A B C D
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56 Image Bank
57 Interactive Table Pea Traits Studied by Mendel
58
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