Peach Cultivars for the New Age The Ernie Christ Lecture

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1 Bill Shane Peach Cultivars for the New Age Michigan State University Peach Cultivars for the New Age The Ernie Christ Lecture Bill Shane Senior Tree Fruit Specialist Michigan State University SW Michigan Research and Extension Center Benton Harbor, MI

2 Bill Shane Peach Cultivars for the New Age SW Michigan Research & Extension Center

3 Looking through thousands of seedings to find the perfect peach

4 The perfect peach variety Good yield Good fruit size Disease resistance Fruit firmness Attractive, nice red coloration Slow browning flesh Nearly round Sweet / acid balance Good shelf life Easy to peel Low fuzziness Fruit hangs well Few picks Tree hardiness

5 Bill Shane Peach Cultivars for the New Age The perfect peach variety Good yield Good fruit size Disease resistance Fruit firmness Slow browning flesh Nearly round Attractive, nice red coloration Sweet / acid balance Good shelf life Easy to peel Low fuzziness Fruit hangs well Few picks Tree hardiness Bacterial spot is increasingly a significant problem

6 Limited Chemical Control Options for Bacterial Spot Management Mycoshield - more effective than copper for bacterial spot control but is more expensive and perhaps prone to resistance problems. Syllit 65W at 2 lb + Captan 50 at 4 lb/acre has potential for phytotoxicity like copper. Syllit is not labeled for this disease. Low rates of copper for suppression of bacterial spot of peaches and nectarines Copper phytotoxicity

7 Varietal resistance is key for bacterial spot management Clayton (left) & Redhaven Redhaven Honeycrisp

8 Range of leaf reactions to bacterial spot infection Highly susceptible variety Blushingstar Starfire

9 Table 4. Relative bacterial spot disease ratings for peach and nectarine varieties, SW Michigan Research and Extension Center. Rating Peach Nectarine PeenTo Little to no leaf symptoms Up to 10% leaf area affected 10 to 25% leaf area affected, some leaf drop 25% or more leaf area affected, significant defoliation Sweet Breeze, Veteran, Madison, Glenglo, PF- 25, PF35-007, Brightstar, McKay, Risingstar, Gloria Messina, Blushingstar*, Harrow Diamond, Sunhaven, PF-9A-007, Richhaven, Catherina#, Redstar, Ernies Choice, Loring, Beaumont, Allstar, Canadian Harmony, Contender, Halehaven, Glowingstar, July Rose*, Flameprince, Victoria, Glohaven, Virgil#, PF-8 Ball, Starfire, Autumn Star, PF23, Desiree, Summerfest, PF 5D Big, Early Redhaven, PF- 27A, Flavrburst, Newhaven, PF-7A Freestone, PF28-007, Vinegold#, PF-24C Coldhardy, Earlystar, PF11 Peach, Cresthaven, Coralstar Nectafest Carene, Emeraude*, PF11 Nectarine Fantasia, Zephyr*, Silver Gem* Tangos (NJF16), Saturn BuenOs II (NJF15) BuenOs I (NJF18) PF Early 8 Ball, Crimson Rocket Easternglo, Ambre Tangos II (NJF17) * = white flesh, # = non-melting flesh canning type. Ratings July 15, 2014

10 Factors affecting cold hardiness of peach and nectarine Ability of tree to recover from low temperature event affected by the history of the tree. Replant trees doing well, 20 year old trees uniformly declining or dead following winter 2013/2014, low temperature ~ -18 F.

11 Scaffold death and branch tip dieback in peach and nectarine varieties following 2013/2014 winter, SW Michigan Research and Extension Center. Evaluation of varietal whole tree cold hardiness

12 Peach twigs Exposed -15 F Exposed -13 F

13 Peach twigs Exposed -15 F Exposed -13 F

14 Branch tip dieback rating for peach and nectarine varieties following 2013/2014 winter, SW Michigan Research and Extension Center. Limb Peach Nectarine PeenTo dieback rating 6 = severe BuenOs I (NJF18) 5 Flavrburst, Crimson Rocket TangOs I (NJF16), Tangos II (NJF17)*, BuenOs II (NJF15) 4 Halehaven, Glowingstar, Gloria, Glenglo, Desiree, Ernies Choices, PF11 Peach 3 Honey Blaze, Sweet Breeze, PF-7A Freestone 2 Redhaven, PF Early 8 Ball, PF-23, PF-9A-007, Newhaven, Messina, Beaumont, PF-27A, Blushingstar*, Flameprince, PF-25, Catherina, Autumn Star, Victoria, Virgil, Redstar, Cresthaven, PF , Summerfest, Risingstar, PF-24C Cold Hardy 1 = no damage Brightstar, Coralstar, Allstar, Canadian Harmony, Early Redhaven, Glohaven, Madison, McKay, Contender, Harrow Diamond, PF , Earlystar, PF35-007, PF5D Big, Loring, Starfire, Veteran Easternglo, Emeraude*, Zephyr*, Ambre, Fantasia, PF11 Nectarine, Silver Gem* Saturn* * = white flesh, # = non-melting flesh canning type. Limb tip dieback ratings made June 17, 2014.

15 Early Season Peaches Older peach varieties Harrow Diamond -25 PF-5B -25 More recent Newest peach varieties Desiree PF-5D Big Earlystar PF Early 8 Ball -26 ^ -22 ^^ - 18 ^ - 17 ^^ -26 Desiree PF-5D Big Earlystar -17 PF Early 8 Ball

16 Early Season Peaches Variety Harvest rel to RH Red skin Fruit size Bac spot resist Free of splits Notes Desiree % Productive, crunchy, moderately fuzzy, nice flavor PF-5D Big % med dark Very little fuzz, fine texture, nice color Earlystar % med Some red in flesh, so-so skin color in center of tree, semi-freestone PF Early 8 Ball % med Low fuzz, retains flavor, bac spot susceptible -26 Desiree PF-5D Big Earlystar -17 PF Early 8 Ball

17 Early Season Peaches Older peach varieties Garnet Beauty - 10 Early Red Haven - 10 Sentry - 8 Newer varieties Glenglo -13 PF-7-10 Summer Serenade - 10 PF 8 Ball -10 Rising Star - 8 GaLa - 8 Newest peach varieties Brightstar - 12 ^ PF-7A Freestone -10 ^^ PF Late 8 Ball -5 ^^ Glenglo +13 RH +10 RH Summer Serenade PF-8 Ball +10 RH PF7A Freestone +10 RH

18 Early Season Peaches Variety Harve st rel to RH Red skin Fruit size Bac spot resist Free of splits Notes Glenglo % Nice flavor, productive, hangs well Summer Serenade % Garnet Beauty sport with better color PF-8 Ball % Garnet Beauty like suture & quality PF7A Freestone % Variable freestone, variable fruit characteristics, nice flavor Glenglo +13 RH +10 RH Summer Serenade PF-8 Ball +10 RH +10 RH PF7A Freestone

19 Mid season fresh market peaches Older peach varieties Newer varieties Newest peach varieties Redhaven 0* Blazing Star 2 PF 11 Peach - 2 ^ Reliance 0 Starfire 3 PF 9A ^^ Vivid 2 Redstar 3 Bellaire 3 PF 14 New Jersey 4 PF12A 3 John Boy 3 * = harvest relative to Red Haven, - = days before, + = after, ^ = early evaluation, ^^ = very early evaluation -2 RH PF11 Peach PF9A RH Starfire +3 RH +4 RH PF 14 New Jersey

20 Mid season fresh market peaches Variety Harvest rel to RH Red skin Fruit size Bac spot resist Free of splits Notes PF11 Peach -2 80% Nice coloring, nearly freestone PF9A % Essentially freestone, nice eating quality Starfire +3 70% Productive, consistent color & cropping, bud hardy, moderately fuzzy PF 14 New Jersey +4 70% Uniform coloring, moderately fuzzy, mostly freestone * = harvest relative to Red Haven, - = days before, + = after, ^ = early evaluation, ^^ = very early evaluation -2 RH PF11 Peach PF9A RH Starfire +3 RH +4 RH PF 14 New Jersey

21 Mid season fresh market peaches Older peach varieties Newer varieties Newest peach varieties Glohaven 8 Canadian Harmony 10 Loring 12 Suncrest 12 PF 15A 6 Blaze Prince 8 Bounty 10 Coralstar 12 PF PF Lucky 13 6 John Boy II 8 * = harvest relative to Red Haven, - = days before, + = after, ^ = early evaluation, ^^ = very early evaluation +6 RH PF Lucky Coralstar +12 PF 17

22 Mid season fresh market peaches Variety Harvest rel to RH Red skin Fruit size Bac spot resist Free of splits Notes PF Lucky % Attractive, slight drop tendency, some inking Coralstar % Good flavor, decent shelf life, fuzzy some years PF % Productive, firm, nice quality, some drop, spreading tree structure * = harvest relative to Red Haven, - = days before, + = after, ^ = early evaluation, ^^ = very early evaluation +6 RH PF Lucky Coralstar +12 PF 17

23 Mid to late season fresh market peaches Older peach varieties More recent varieties Newest peach varieties Allstar 18 Contender 18 PF PF Messina Beaumont PF Sweetstar * = harvest relative to Red Haven, - = days before, + = after, ^ = early evaluation, ^^ = very early evaluation 16^^ 17^^ 18^ 20 ^^ 20 ^ +16 PF Messina +18 Beaumont Allstar PF 23 Sweetstar

24 Mid to late season fresh market peaches Variety Harvest rel to RH Red skin Fruit size Bac spot resist Free of splits Notes PF % Attractive dark red, good flavor Messina 17 85% Medium red, low fuzz Beaumont 18 70% Uniform fruit, firm, good shelf life Allstar 18 80% Productive, uniform shape, sometime soft suture / shoulder PF % Attractive, early coloring, firm, hangs well, stores well Sweetstar 20 80% Durable tree, fruit hangs well, productive +16 PF Messina +18 Beaumont Allstar PF 23 Sweetstar

25 Later season fresh market peaches Older peach varieties Newer peach varieties Newest peach varieties Cresthaven 24* PF July Prince 24 ^ Redskin 26 Glowingstar 24 PF 24C Cold Hardy 24 ^ PF25 26 PF Paramount 24 ^^ Gloria 25 ^ la * = harvest relative to Red Haven, - = days before, + = after, ^ = early evaluation, ^^ = very early evaluation +24 Glowingstar +24 PF24 Cold Hardy +24 PF Paramount +25 Gloria

26 Variety Later season fresh market peaches Harvest rel to RH Red skin Fruit size Bac spot resist Free of splits Notes Glowingstar % Dark skin, productive, some irregular fruit, range of fruit sizes PF24C Cold Hardy PF Paramount % Dark skin, productive, retains flavor % ++++?? Firm, early evaluation Gloria % Stony hard, hangs long time, long storage, pale yellow flesh, fruit hard to peel, sub acid, sharp pit * = harvest relative to Red Haven, - = days before, + = after, ^ = early evaluation, ^^ = very early evaluation +24 Glowingstar +24 PF24 Cold Hardy +24 PF Paramount +25 Gloria

27 Late season fresh market peaches Older peach varieties Newer peach varieties Newest peach varieties Madison 28 Harcrest 28 Fayette 28 Encore 31 PF 27A 30 PF Laurol 41 Autumn Star 37 ^ Flame Prince 38 ^^ PF Fat Lady 40 ^^ PF Legendary 41 ^^ Victoria 47 ^^ PF Big George 50 ^^ PF Fashionably Late 54 ^^ +32 RH PF RH Autumn Star +40 RH PF RH PF Big George

28 Variety Late season fresh market peaches Harvest rel to RH Red skin Fruit size Bac spot resist Free of splits Notes PF % Medium red, pretty, nice texture, low fuzz Autumn Star % Stores well, not very juicy, very hardy PF % Firm, fine texture flesh, yellow / orange background, hangs well PF Big George % Firm, attractive +32 RH PF RH Autumn Star +40 RH PF RH PF Big George

29 This research supported in part by the SW Research and Extension Center Ag Leaders Club, the Michigan Peach Sponsors, and AgBioResearch of Michigan State University. For further information contact: Bill Shane, SW Michigan Research and Extension Center Michigan State University

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