on MR imaging, which shows a homogeneous well-circumscribed lesion displaying the characteristic short-t1 and T2 signal of fat [1] (Fig. 1).
|
|
- Roger Bell
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Downloaded from by on 02/07/18 from IP address opyright RRS. For personal use only; all rights reserved T he corpus callosum is made up of dense myelinated fibers that usually interconnect homologous territories of the two cerebral hemispheres. The dense compact nature of the white matter tracts, relative to the adjacent hemispheric white matter, makes it a barrier to the flow of interstitial edema and tumor spread. Thus only aggressive tumors, such as glioblastoma multiforme and lymphoma, typically cross or involve the corpus callosum. This densely compact nature of the white matter tracts also makes it more susceptible to shear injury in the event of trauma. ecause it is composed predominantly of myelinated axons, demyelinating processes can affect the corpus callosum. Our pictorial essay shows 11 classic and uncommon lesions of the corpus callosum. Tumors Lipoma Lesions of the orpus allosum: MR Imaging and Differential onsiderations in dults and hildren Eric. ourekas 1, Kaliope Varakis, Douglas runs, Gregory. hristoforidis, Melissa aujan, H. Wayne Slone, Dimitris Kehagias Intracranial lipomas are rare developmental lesions of the central nervous system, which are usually asymptomatic and discovered incidentally. They mainly occur in the region of the corpus callosum and the pericallosal cistern, accounting for up to 65% of all intracranial lipomas and frequently associated with callosal dysgenesis. The diagnosis of intracranial lipoma can easily be made on MR imaging, which shows a homogeneous well-circumscribed lesion displaying the characteristic short-t1 and T2 signal of fat [1] (Fig. 1). Glioblastoma Multiforme Glioblastoma multiforme is an extremely aggressive diffuse astrocytic tumor commonly found in the supratentorial white matter of the cerebral hemispheres. It is the most common primary brain tumor in adults, accounting for 25% of all cases. Glioblastomas most commonly spread via direct extension along white matter tracts, including the corpus callosum, although hematogenous, subependymal, and cerebrospinal fluid spread can also be seen. When the corpus callosum is affected, glioblastoma multiformes commonly display a characteristic bihemispheric involvement, resulting in a classic butterfly pattern. On MR imaging, these tumors typically enhance solidly and intensely in the corpus callosum, although occasionally no enhancement is seen. ecause the corpus callosum is relatively resistant to infiltration, glioblastoma multiforme should be considered for any lesion crossing the corpus callosum [2] (Fig. 2). Lymphoma Primary central nervous system lymphomas are rare aggressive neoplasms of the Pictorial Essay brain, accounting for less than 2% of malignant primary brain tumors. They are almost always of the -cell non-hodgkin s type. ommon locations include the corpus callosum, deep gray matter structures, and the periventricular region. Lymphomas differ from glioblastoma multiformes because they usually have less peritumoral edema, are more commonly multiple, are less commonly necrotic, are highly radiosensitive, and fre- Fig year-old boy with lipoma of corpus callosum. oronal T1-weighted MR image shows large well-defined homogeneous midline mass lesion in region of corpus callosum with characteristic bright signal of lipoma. Note associated dysgenesis of corpus callosum. Received March 14, 2001; accepted after revision January 11, ll authors: Department of Radiology, Section of Neuroradiology, The Ohio State University, 160 Means Hall, 1654 Upham Dr., olumbus, OH ddress correspondence to E.. ourekas. JR 2002;179: X/02/ merican Roentgen Ray Society JR:179, July
2 ourekas et al. Downloaded from by on 02/07/18 from IP address opyright RRS. For personal use only; all rights reserved quently temporarily respond dramatically to steroid administration producing vanishing lesions. These lesions are usually iso- or hypointense on T1-weighted images and hyperintense on T2-weighted images, with 91% showing contrast enhancement [3] (Fig. 3). Juvenile Pilocytic strocytoma Juvenile pilocytic astrocytomas are a distinct low-grade variant of astrocytoma. They are usually well-circumscribed unencapsulated masses, with frequent cyst formation, either microscopic or macroscopic. Most lesions commonly involve the cerebellar vermis, cerebellar hemispheres, optic chiasm, hypothalamus, or floor of the third ventricle. The corpus callosum is an uncommon location. On MR imaging, pilocytic astrocytomas are hypo- or isointense on T1-weighted images and hyper- Fig year-old woman with glioblastoma multiforme., xial T1-weighted MR image shows hypointensity (arrow) of left parietal white matter extending across corpus callosum., xial T2-weighted MR image shows hyperintensity (arrow) in left parietal white matter extending across corpus callosum with mass effect on lateral ventricle., Enhanced axial T1-weighted MR image shows glioblastoma (arrow) of left parietal white matter that extends across corpus callosum, classic for glioblastoma multiforme or lymphoma. Lack of enhancement, however, is unusual for glioblastoma. Fig year-old nonimmunocompromised woman with primary central nervous system lymphoma who presented with disorientation., xial T1-weighted MR image shows hypointense lesion (arrow) in deep left parieto occipital white matter extending into splenium of corpus callosum., xial T2-weighted MR image shows hyperintense lesion involving corpus callosum surrounded by high-signal-intensity edema., Enhanced axial T1-weighted MR image shows markedly enhancing lesion (arrow) of left parieto occipital white matter, crossing corpus callosum in classic butterfly pattern. 252 JR:179, July 2002
3 MR Imaging of the orpus allosum Downloaded from by on 02/07/18 from IP address opyright RRS. For personal use only; all rights reserved intense on T2-weighted images relative to gray matter. The solid portion of the tumor usually enhances, in contrast to most low-grade infiltrative astrocytomas, which tend not to enhance [4] (Fig. 4). Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease of unknown cause that more commonly affects young women. Lesions characteristically involve the periventricular white matter, internal capsule, corpus callosum, and pons, although plaques can be found anywhere in the white matter and less commonly even in gray matter. Demyelinating Diseases Multiple Sclerosis Fig year-old girl with pilocytic astrocytoma., Sagittal T1-weighted MR image shows well-circumscribed hypointense lesion in body of corpus callosum., xial T2-weighted MR image shows that lesion is hyperintense., Enhanced coronal T1-weighted MR image shows marked contrast enhancement of lesion. This figure and Figure 2 show that intense contrast enhancement is not necessarily indicative of high-grade glioma, just as lack of contrast enhancement is not necessarily indicative of low-grade lesion. Fig year-old woman with multiple sclerosis who presented with visual complaints., xial T2-weighted MR image shows multiple hyperintense somewhat ovoid lesions of corpus callosum and periventricular white matter, classic for multiple sclerosis., Sagittal T2-weighted MR image shows multiple hyperintense lesions (arrows) in corpus callosum., Sagittal fluid-attenuated inversion recovery paramedian image obtained through corpus callosum shows multiple ovoid hyperintense lesions (arrow). JR:179, July
4 Downloaded from by on 02/07/18 from IP address opyright RRS. For personal use only; all rights reserved The lesions of the corpus callosum can be focal or confluent nodular lesions and tend to affect the callosal septal interface, which is the central inferior aspect of the corpus callosum. On MR imaging, the prevalence of lesions in the corpus callosum has been reported to be up to 93% in the radiology literature. trophy of the corpus callosum can coexist in long-standing multiple sclerosis, making the diagnosis of corpus callosum lesions difficult. The lesions are hyperintense on long-tr sequences and can best be seen with proton-density and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLIR) sequences. Enhancement is common in the acute stage. Differentiation should be made from ischemia, trauma, and other demyelinating processes on the basis of morphology, location, and the presence of concurrent multiple sclerosis plaques in the periventricular region [5] (Fig. 5). ourekas et al. Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is an uncommon progressive fatal demyelinating disease that affects immunocompromised patients. The cause is a papovavirus the reutzfeldt-jakob virus. The lesions are usually multifocal and asymmetric, most commonly affecting the subcortical white matter and corpus callosum. In the corpus callosum, focal lesions can occur that enlarge and become confluent as the disease progresses. The lesions are hyperintense on long-tr sequences and hypointense on short-tr/te sequences. The lesions usually do not enhance, although they may enhance faintly at the periphery. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy should be considered in the differential diagnosis of space-occupying lesions in HIV patients. The lack of enhancement and mass effect can act as features differentiat- ing this entity from others such as lymphoma or glioblastoma [6] (Fig. 6). Marchiafava-ignami Disease Marchiafava-ignami disease is a rare demyelinating neurologic disorder, primarily affecting the corpus callosum. It was first described in Italian wine drinkers and is thought to be due to chronic and massive alcohol use. The central layers of the corpus callosum are affected, with sparing of the dorsal and ventral layers (sandwich sign). The disease can follow one of three clinical courses, a fulminate acute form or subacute and chronic forms. The acute form affects the genu and splenium, whereas the chronic form most commonly affects the body. In the acute form, the central corpus callosum enlarges, presumably because of edema. The corpus callosum is of low signal on T1-weighted Fig year-old man with HIV presented with behavioral changes and facial droop caused by progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy., T2-weighted axial MR image shows asymmetric white matter lesion of frontal lobes with involvement of corpus callosum., Enhanced axial T1-weighted MR image shows no enhancement of lesion. iopsy of lesion (not shown) confirmed progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Fig year-old man with Marchiafava-ignami disease and 30-year history of heavy alcohol use. (Reprinted with permission from [7]), xial T2-weighted MR image shows signal abnormality of corpus callosum and periventricular white matter., Sagittal T1-weighted MR image shows corpus callosum atrophy (short arrow), which is characteristic of chronic form. Involvement of central layers of corpus callosum, indicated by hypointensity, with sparing of dorsal and ventral layers results in the sandwich sign (long arrow). 254 JR:179, July 2002
5 Downloaded from by on 02/07/18 from IP address opyright RRS. For personal use only; all rights reserved MR Imaging of the orpus allosum Infarcts involving the corpus callosum are rare, in part because the corpus callosum is a dense white matter tract and therefore is less sensitive to ischemic injury than gray matter. The anterior and posterior cerebral arteries provide the major blood supply of the corpus callosum via the pericallosal artery and small penetrating vessels that run perpendicular to the parent artery. On MR imaging, infarcts have the same characteristics as strokes elsewhere, with similar enhancement patterns. Differentiation of lacunar infarcts from other entities such as trauma and demyelinating processes can be made by the presence of concurrent infarcts in characteristic sites (centrum semiovale, basal ganglia). With large-vessel ischemic events, the corpus callosum is usually involved as part of a large vascular distribution [8] (Fig. 8). images and high signal on T2-weighted images and often enhances. In the subacute and chronic forms, the lesions involve the central part of the body most commonly and are hypointense on T1-weighted images and hyper- or hypointense (hemosiderin deposits) on T2-weighted images [7] (Fig. 7). Vascular Processes Infarction rteriovenous Malformations rteriovenous malformations of the corpus callosum comprise 9 11% of all cerebral arteriovenous malformations. linically, 84% of patients with these malformations present with intracranial hemorrhage, most with intraventricular hemorrhage. Most are supplied by both the anterior and posterior cerebral arteries, and many have a bilateral blood supply. Drainage is mainly into the internal cerebral vein or interhemispheric superficial veins. The MR imaging characteristics are those of arteriovenous malformations elsewhere, with serpentine flow voids noted through the corpus callosum and the ventricle Fig year-old man with infarct who presented with confusion., xial T2-weighted MR image shows well-defined lesion of corpus callosum genu., xial T2-weighted image obtained 2 weeks after shows that lesion (arrow) is smaller and has decreased in signal., Enhanced axial T1-weighted MR image obtained 2 weeks after shows enhancement of lesion (arrow). D, xial T2-weighted MR image 6 weeks after initial presentation shows that lesion (arrow) is smaller. E, Enhanced axial T1-weighted MR image 6 weeks after initial presentation shows enhancement has essentially resolved, typical of evolution of infarct. D JR:179, July 2002 E 255
6 ourekas et al. and frequently with evidence of intraventricular hemorrhage [9] (Fig. 9). Downloaded from by on 02/07/18 from IP address opyright RRS. For personal use only; all rights reserved Trauma Injury to the corpus callosum occurs commonly with head trauma, being detected on MR imaging in 47% of patients with nonfatal head injuries. The classic triad of diffuse axonal injury is that of diffuse damage to axons located at the gray white matter interface of the cerebral hemispheres, the dorsolateral aspect of the rostral brainstem, and the corpus callosum. The callosal lesions most commonly involve the splenium, are usually eccentric in location, and can involve a focal part or the full thickness of the corpus callosum. On MR imaging, spinecho T2-weighted images and FLIR sequences during the sagittal plane are most sensitive in detecting small nonhemorrhagic lesions. Hemorrhagic lesions are best seen on T2weighted images during the first 4 days after injury and, after 4 days, are better seen on T1weighted images. Furthermore, gradient-echo Fig year-old man with arteriovenous malformation who presented with intraventricular hemorrhage., Sagittal T1-weighted MR image shows hemorrhage (arrows) and multiple flow voids in corpus callosum., xial T2-weighted MR image shows hyperintense lesion (arrow) with flow voids. Fig year-old man with diffuse axonal injury 1 week after motor vehicle crash., Sagittal T1-weighted MR image shows nonhemorrhagic hypointense lesion (arrow) of corpus callosum., xial proton density weighted MR image shows hyperintense lesion of corpus callosum., Sagittal T1-weighted MR image on follow-up examination 10 days after shows hemorrhagic lesion of corpus callosum. D, Enhanced coronal T1-weighted MR image on follow-up examination 10 days after shows hemorrhagic lesion of corpus callosum, with classic shearing-type lesion also seen at gray white junction, both indicative of diffuse axonal injury. D 256 JR:179, July 2002
7 MR Imaging of the orpus allosum Downloaded from by on 02/07/18 from IP address opyright RRS. For personal use only; all rights reserved Fig year-old man with cystic lesions associated with long-standing hydrocephalus, with multiple prior shunt revisions. Patient is asymptomatic other than for headaches, which are probably due to mild hydrocephalus., Sagittal T1-weighted MR image shows well-defined cystic lesions (arrows) of corpus callosum., xial T2-weighted MR image shows abnormal signal (arrow) throughout corpus callosum, which has persisted for many years. T2-weighted sequences are superior in detecting chronic hemoglobin degradation products because of the susceptibility effects of hemosiderin. Differentiation from other lesions such as ischemia should be made on the basis of history and the location of the lesions in the corpus callosum [10] (Fig. 10). Miscellaneous Lesions Lesions in the corpus callosum, both diffuse and focal, have been described in patients with long-standing hydrocephalus after shunting. allosal lesions and tectal neoplasms producing hydrocephalus have been seen in patients with aqueductal stenosis. Patients with these lesions were thought to have long-standing hydrocephalus before ventricular decompression. The exact mechanism responsible for the production of these callosal lesions is unknown, although they may be the result of ischemia with subsequent demyelination caused by prolonged severe stretching of the corpus callosum from ventriculomegaly and subsequent rapid decompression of the ventricles. These lesions appear hypointense on T1-weighted images and hyperintense on T2-weighted images, with sparing of the splenium. lthough the changes may persist on imaging, they appear clinically silent [11] (Fig. 11). References 1. Maiuri F, irillo S, Simonetti L, De Simone MR, Gangemi M. Intracranial lipomas: diagnostic and therapeutic considerations. J Neurosurg Sci 1988; 32: Rees J, Smirniotopoulos J, Jones R, Wong K. Glioblastoma multiforme: radiologic-pathologic correlation. RadioGraphics 1996;16: Johnson, Fram EK, Johnson P, Jacobowitz R. The variable MR appearance of primary lymphoma of the central nervous system: comparison with histologic features. JNR 1997;18: Lee Y, Van Tassel P, runer JM, Moser RP, Share J. Juvenile pilocytic astrocytomas: T and MR characteristics. JNR 1989;10: Gean-Marton D, Vezina LG, Marton KI, et al. bnormal corpus callosum: a sensitive and specific indicator of multiple sclerosis. Radiology 1991;180: Whiteman ML, Post MJ, erger JR, Tate LG, ell MD, Limonte LP. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in 47 HIV seropositive patients: neuroimaging with clinical and pathologic correlation. Radiology 1993;187: Ishii K, Ikejiri Y, Sasaki M, Kitagaki H, Mori E. Regional cerebral glucose metabolism and blood flow in a patient with Marchiafava-ignami disease. JNR 1999;20: hrysikopoulos H, ndreou J, Roussakis, Pappas J. Infarction of the corpus callosum: computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Eur J Radiol 1997;25: Picard L, Miyachi S, raun M, racard S, Per, Marchal J. rteriovenous malformations of the corpus callosum: radioanatomic study and effectiveness of intranidus embolization. Neurol Med hir 1996;36: Gentry LR, Thompson, Godersky J. Trauma to the corpus callosum: MR features. JNR 1988;9: Suh DY, Gaskill-Shipley M, Nemann MW, Tureen RG, Warnick RE. orpus callosal changes associated with hydrocephalus: a report of two cases. Neurosurgery 1997;41: JR:179, July
Masses of the Corpus Callosum
Masses of the Corpus Callosum Kesav Raghavan, HMS Year III Dr. Agenda Corpus Callosum Development and Anatomy Our Patient: Clinical Presentation Differential Diagnosis of Masses in the Corpus Callosum
More informationCT and MRI Findings of Intracranial Lymphoma
Neuroradiology- Slone et al. CT and MRI of Intracranial Lymphoma Downloaded from www.ajronline.org by 37.44.204.233 on 02/10/18 from IP address 37.44.204.233. Copyright RRS. For personal use only; all
More informationCorpus Callosal Signal Changes in Patients with Obstructive Hydrocephalus after Ventriculoperitoneal Shunting
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 22:158 162, January 2001 Corpus Callosal Signal Changes in Patients with Hydrocephalus after Ventriculoperitoneal Shunting John I. Lane, Patrick H. Luetmer, and John L. Atkinson BACKGROUND
More informationPictorial Essay. Primary Lymphoma of the Central Nervous System: Typical and Atypical CT and MR Imaging Appearances
Downloaded from www.ajronline.org by 37.44.197.38 on 02/11/18 from IP address 37.44.197.38. opyright RRS. For personal use only; all rights reserved Primary Lymphoma of the entral Nervous System: Typical
More informationThe MRI Appearance of Tumefactive Demyelinating Lesions
ownloaded from www.ajronline.org by 37.44.198.148 on 12/05/17 from IP address 37.44.198.148. opyright RRS. For personal use only; all rights reserved The MRI ppearance of Tumefactive emyelinating Lesions
More informationClinics in diagnostic imaging (175)
Singapore Med J 2017; 58(3): 121-125 doi: 10.11622/smedj.2017017 CMEArticle Clinics in diagnostic imaging (175) Vijay Krishnan 1, MD, FRCR, Tze Chwan Lim 1, MBBS, FRCR, Francis Cho Hao Ho 2, MBBS, FRANZCR,
More informationEssentials of Clinical MR, 2 nd edition. 14. Ischemia and Infarction II
14. Ischemia and Infarction II Lacunar infarcts are small deep parenchymal lesions involving the basal ganglia, internal capsule, thalamus, and brainstem. The vascular supply of these areas includes the
More information1 MS Lesions in T2-Weighted Images
1 MS Lesions in T2-Weighted Images M.A. Sahraian, E.-W. Radue 1.1 Introduction Multiple hyperintense lesions on T2- and PDweighted sequences are the characteristic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance
More informationDiffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows for tissue
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING / IMAGERIE PAR RÉSONANCE MAGNÉTIQUE Nonischemic causes of hyperintense signals on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images: a pictorial essay Jeffrey M. Hinman, MD; James
More informationRINGS N THINGS: Imaging Patterns in Differential Diagnosis. Anne G. Osborn, M.D.
RINGS N THINGS: Imaging Patterns in Differential Diagnosis Anne G. Osborn, M.D. ExpDDxs: Intra-axial (Parenchymal) Lesions Ring-enhancing lesions, solitary 1 Ring-enhancing lesion crossing corpus callosum
More informationWhite matter diseases affecting the corpus callosum; demyelinating and metabolic diseases
White matter diseases affecting the corpus callosum; demyelinating and metabolic diseases Poster No.: C-0199 Congress: ECR 2011 Type: Educational Exhibit Authors: J. H. Yoo; Seoul/KR Keywords: Neuroradiology
More informationNEURO IMAGING 2. Dr. Said Huwaijah Chairman of radiology Dep, Damascus Univercity
NEURO IMAGING 2 Dr. Said Huwaijah Chairman of radiology Dep, Damascus Univercity I. EPIDURAL HEMATOMA (EDH) LOCATION Seventy to seventy-five percent occur in temporoparietal region. CAUSE Most likely caused
More informationAttenuation value in HU From -500 To HU From -10 To HU From 60 To 90 HU. From 200 HU and above
Brain Imaging Common CT attenuation values Structure Air Fat Water Brain tissue Recent hematoma Calcifications Bone Brain edema and infarction Normal liver parenchyma Attenuation value in HU From -500
More informationRadiologic Pathologic Correlation of Intraosseous Lipomas. Tim Propeck 1, Mary Anne Bullard 1, John Lin 1, Kei Doi 2, William Martel 1
Downloaded from www.ajronline.org by 148.251.232.83 on 04/10/18 from IP address 148.251.232.83. opyright RRS. For personal use only; all rights reserved Radiologic Pathologic orrelation of Intraosseous
More informationSWI including phase and magnitude images
On-line Table: MRI imaging recommendation and summary of key features Sequence Pathologies Visible Key Features T1 volumetric high-resolution whole-brain reformatted in axial, coronal, and sagittal planes
More informationCerebro-vascular stroke
Cerebro-vascular stroke CT Terminology Hypodense lesion = lesion of lower density than the normal brain tissue Hyperdense lesion = lesion of higher density than normal brain tissue Isodense lesion = lesion
More informationInteractive Cases: Demyelinating Diseases and Mimics. Disclosures. Case 1 25 yo F with nystagmus; look for tumor 4/14/2017
Interactive Cases: Demyelinating Diseases and Mimics Disclosures None Brad Wright, MD 27 March 2017 Case 1 25 yo F with nystagmus; look for tumor What do you suspect? A. Demyelinating disease B. Malignancy
More informationAstroblastoma: Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation and Distinction from Ependymoma
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 23:243 247, February 2002 Case Report Astroblastoma: Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation and Distinction from Ependymoma John D. Port, Daniel J. Brat, Peter C. Burger, and Martin G.
More informationBenign brain lesions
Benign brain lesions Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Hung-Wen Kao Department of Radiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center Computed tomography Hounsfield unit (HU)
More informationintracranial anomalies
Chapter 5: Fetal Central Nervous System 84 intracranial anomalies Hydrocephaly Dilatation of ventricular system secondary to an increase in the amount of CSF. Effects of hydrocephalus include flattening
More informationDiffusion-Weighted and Conventional MR Imaging Findings of Neuroaxonal Dystrophy
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 25:1269 1273, August 2004 Diffusion-Weighted and Conventional MR Imaging Findings of Neuroaxonal Dystrophy R. Nuri Sener BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Neuroaxonal dystrophy is a rare progressive
More informationVascular Malformations of the Brain: A Review of Imaging Features and Risks
Vascular Malformations of the Brain: A Review of Imaging Features and Risks Comprehensive Neuroradiology: Best Practices October 27-30, 2016 Sudhakar R. Satti, MD Associate Director Neurointerventional
More informationPathologic Analysis of CNS Surgical Specimens
2015 Kenneth M. Earle Memorial Neuropathology Review Pathologic Analysis of CNS Surgical Specimens Peter C. Burger, MD Interdisciplinary Quality Control Familiarity with entities Use of diagnostic algorithm
More informationA pictorial review of neurological complications of systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome
A pictorial review of neurological complications of systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome Poster No.: C-2780 Congress: ECR 2010 Type: Educational Exhibit Topic: Neuro Authors: E. Tavernaraki,
More informationIndex. aneurysm, 92 carotid occlusion, 94 ICA stenosis, 95 intracranial, 92 MCA, 94
A ADC. See Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) Aneurysm cerebral artery aneurysm, 93 CT scan, 93 gadolinium, 93 Angiography, 13 Anoxic brain injury, 25 Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), 7 Arachnoid
More informationFig.1: A, Sagittal 110x110 mm subimage close to the midline, passing through the cingulum. Note that the fibers of the corpus callosum run at a
Fig.1 E Fig.1:, Sagittal 110x110 mm subimage close to the midline, passing through the cingulum. Note that the fibers of the corpus callosum run at a slight angle are through the plane (blue dots with
More informationMR Assessment of Myelination in Infants and Children: Usefulness of Marker Sites
731 MR ssessment of Myelination in Infants and Children: Usefulness of Marker Sites C. Roger ird 1 Mary Hedberg urton P. Drayer Paul J. Keller Richard. Flom John. Hodak retrospective study was made of
More informationMR Characteristics of Subdural Hematomas and Hygromas at 1.5 T
687 MR Characteristics of Subdural Hematomas and Hygromas at 1.5 T Edward S. Fobben 1 Robert I. Grossman Scott W. tlas David B. Hackney Herbert I. Goldberg Robert. Zimmerman Larissa T. Bilaniuk MR images
More informationMRI OF THE THALAMUS. Mohammed J. Zafar, MD, FAAN Kalamazoo, MI
1 MRI OF THE THALAMUS Mohammed J. Zafar, MD, FAAN Kalamazoo, MI Objectives: The thalamic nuclei can be involved in a wide variety of conditions. A systematic imaging approach would be useful for narrowing
More informationPatologie infiammatorie encefaliche e midollari
Patologie infiammatorie encefaliche e midollari Maria Laura Stromillo Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience Inflammatory disorders of the CNS NMOSD ADEM Multiple Sclerosis Neuro-Myelitis Optica
More informationDisclosure. + Outline. Case-based approach to neurological emergencies that might present to the ED
Kathleen R. Fink, MD University of Washington 5 th Nordic Emergency Radiology Course May 21, 2015 Disclosure My spouse receives research salary support from: Bracco BayerHealthcare Guerbet Outline Case-based
More informationIntracranial CSF Flow in Pediatric Hydrocephalus: Evaluation with Cine-MR Imaging
Intracranial CSF Flow in Pediatric Hydrocephalus: Evaluation with Cine-MR Imaging Robert M. Quencer 1 Purpose: 1) To describe the pattern of normal intracranial CSF flow in children and 2) to demonstrate
More informationmultiple sclerosis by magnetic resonance imaging
Index terms: Computed tomography Magnetic resonance sequence optimization Multiple sclerosis The evaluation of multiple sclerosis by magnetic resonance imaging Val M. Runge, M.D.*1 4, Ann C. Price, M.D.*
More informationEEG IN FOCAL ENCEPHALOPATHIES: CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE, NEOPLASMS, AND INFECTIONS
246 Figure 8.7: FIRDA. The patient has a history of nonspecific cognitive decline and multiple small WM changes on imaging. oligodendrocytic tumors of the cerebral hemispheres (11,12). Electroencephalogram
More informationThe central nervous system
Sectc.qxd 29/06/99 09:42 Page 81 Section C The central nervous system CNS haemorrhage Subarachnoid haemorrhage Cerebral infarction Brain atrophy Ring enhancing lesions MRI of the pituitary Multiple sclerosis
More informationStructural and functional imaging for the characterization of CNS lymphomas
Structural and functional imaging for the characterization of CNS lymphomas Cristina Besada Introduction A few decades ago, Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma (PCNSL) was considered as an extremely
More informationRadiologic-Pathologic Correlation of White Matter Disease
The Neuroradiology Journal 22 (Suppl. 1): 26-32, 2009 www. centauro. it Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation of White Matter Disease J.G. SMIRNIOTOPOULOS 1,2,3,.. SMITH 1,2, E. RUSHING 2,4, F.M. MURPHY 2,
More informationCNS TUMORS. D r. Ali Eltayb ( U. of Omdurman. I ). M. Path (U. of Alexandria)
CNS TUMORS D r. Ali Eltayb ( U. of Omdurman. I ). M. Path (U. of Alexandria) CNS TUMORS The annual incidence of intracranial tumors of the CNS ISmore than intraspinal tumors May be Primary or Secondary
More information41 year old female with headache. Elena G. Violari MD and Leo Wolansky MD
41 year old female with headache Elena G. Violari MD and Leo Wolansky MD ? Dural Venous Sinus Thrombosis with Hemorrhagic Venous Infarct Acute intraparenchymal hematoma measuring ~3 cm in diameter centered
More informationPrimary Central Nervous System Lymphoma with Lateral Ventricle Involvement
The Open Medical Imaging Journal, 2012, 6, 103-107 103 Open Access Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma with Lateral Ventricle Involvement Yumi Oie 1,*, Kazuhiro Murayama 1, Shinya Nagahisa 2, Masato
More informationISCHEMIC STROKE IMAGING
ISCHEMIC STROKE IMAGING ผศ.พญ พญ.จ ร ร ตน ธรรมโรจน ภาคว ชาร งส ว ทยา คณะแพทยศาสตร มหาว ทยาล ยขอนแก น A case of acute hemiplegia Which side is the abnormality, right or left? Early Right MCA infarction
More informationMarisa Kastoff Blitstein 1 Glenn A. Tung
litstein and Tung MRI of Cerebral Microhemorrhages Neuroradiology Pictorial Essay 09_07_2249_litstein.fm 7/27/07 Marisa Kastoff litstein 1 Glenn. Tung litstein MK, Tung G Keywords: cerebral microhemorrhages,
More informationPearls and Pitfalls in Neuroradiology of Cerebrovascular Disease The Essentials with MR and CT
Pearls and Pitfalls in Neuroradiology of Cerebrovascular Disease The Essentials with MR and CT Val M. Runge, MD Wendy R. K. Smoker, MD Anton Valavanis, MD Control # 823 Purpose The focus of this educational
More informationPediatric MS MRI Study Methodology
General Pediatric MS MRI Study Methodology SCAN PREPARATION axial T2-weighted scans and/or axial FLAIR scans were obtained for all subjects when available, both T2 and FLAIR scans were scored. In order
More informationCase 7391 Intraventricular Lesion
Case 7391 Intraventricular Lesion Bastos Lima P1, Marques C1, Cabrita F2, Barbosa M2, Rebelo O3, Rio F1. 1Neuroradiology, 2Neurosurgery, 3Neuropathology, Coimbra University Hospitals, Portugal. University
More informationMR neuroimaging of HIV infected patients : A pictorial review
MR neuroimaging of HIV infected patients : A pictorial review Poster No.: R-0198 Congress: 2014 CSM Type: Scientific Exhibit Authors: P. F. Kwan, R. Thomas, A. Dixon; SOUTH YARRA/AU Keywords: Neuroradiology
More informationMRI and differential diagnosis in patients suspected of having MS
Andrea Falini Italy MRI and differential diagnosis in patients suspected of having MS IMPROVING THE PATIENT S LIFE THROUGH MEDICAL EDUCATION www.excemed.org Outline of presentation - Diagnostic criteria
More informationLaura Tormoehlen, M.D. Neurology and EM-Toxicology Indiana University
Laura Tormoehlen, M.D. Neurology and EM-Toxicology Indiana University Disclosures! No conflicts of interest to disclose Neuroimaging 101! Plain films! Computed tomography " Angiography " Perfusion! Magnetic
More informationHelpful Information for evaluation of new neurological symptoms in patients receiving TYSABRI
Helpful Information for evaluation of new neurological symptoms in patients receiving TYSABRI This information is provided as an educational resource for healthcare providers and should be considered current
More informationLesions of the Corpus Callosum
Residents Section Pattern of the Month Ho et al. Lesions of the Corpus Callosum Residents Section Pattern of the Month Downloaded from www.ajronline.org by 37.44.203.161 on 12/16/17 from IP address 37.44.203.161.
More informationTips and tricks for detecting diffuse axonal injury on CT and MR neuroimaging
Tips and tricks for detecting diffuse axonal injury on CT and MR neuroimaging Poster No.: C-3080 Congress: ECR 2018 Type: Educational Exhibit Authors: M. Marinkic, D. Zadravec ; Zagreb/HR, Zageb/HR Keywords:
More informationRING ENCHANCING LESION BY M.S. HEMHNATH
RING ENCHANCING LESION BY M.S. HEMHNATH A 21 YRS FEMALE CAME WITH H/O HEADACHE AND SEIZURE FOR THE PAST ONE MONTH. NO OTHER FOCAL NEUROLOGICAL DEFICIT. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS For this case are Neurocysticerosis
More informationBlood Supply of the CNS
Blood Supply of the CNS Lecture Objectives Describe the four arteries supplying the CNS. Follow up each artery to its destination. Describe the circle of Willis and its branches. Discuss the principle
More informationJoana Ramalho, MD C. Ryan Miller, MD, PhD
Joana Ramalho, MD C. Ryan Miller, MD, PhD Case 1 3 month old baby girl Presented with new onset of seizures Newborn. Questionable blurring of the gray-white junction within the right occipital lobe. Findings
More informationNEURORADIOLOGY Angela Lignelli, MD
Neuroradiology NEURORADIOLOGY Angela Lignelli, MD Plain radiographs CT MRI Cerebral Angiogram Myelograms Neuroradiology Computerized Axial Tomography (CT) CT without and with contrast CTA CT angiogram
More informationNEURORADIOLOGY Angela Lignelli, MD
NEURORADIOLOGY Angela Lignelli, MD Neuroradiology Plain radiographs CT MRI Cerebral Angiogram Myelograms 1 Neuroradiology Computerized Axial Tomography (CT) CT without and with contrast CTA CT angiogram
More informationNeuroradiological, clinical and genetic characterization of new forms of hereditary leukoencephalopathies
Neuroradiological, clinical and genetic characterization of new forms of hereditary leukoencephalopathies Principal Investigator: Dr. Donatella Tampieri, MD, FRCPC, Department of Neuroradiology, Montreal
More informationStroke School for Internists Part 1
Stroke School for Internists Part 1 November 4, 2017 Dr. Albert Jin Dr. Gurpreet Jaswal Disclosures I receive a stipend for my role as Medical Director of the Stroke Network of SEO I have no commercial
More informationCase 9511 Hypertensive microangiopathy
Case 9511 Hypertensive microangiopathy Schepers S, Barthels C Section: Neuroradiology Published: 2011, Nov. 3 Patient: 67 year(s), male Authors' Institution Department of Radiology, Jessa ziekenhuis campus
More informationDemyelinating Diseases of the Brain
Department of Radiology University of California San Diego Demyelinating Diseases of the Brain John R. Hesselink, M.D. T1-Weighted Images Normal White Matter Contents Axons with envelope of myelin Neuroglia
More informationEnhancement of Cranial US: Utility of Supplementary Acoustic Windows and Doppler Harriet J. Paltiel, MD
Enhancement of Cranial US: Utility of Supplementary Acoustic Windows and Doppler Harriet J. Paltiel, MD Boston Children s Hospital Harvard Medical School None Disclosures Conventional US Anterior fontanelle
More informationDiffusion-Weighted MR Imaging in Biopsy-Proven Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging in iopsy-proven reutzfeldt-jakob Disease Hyo-heol Kim, MD 1 Kee-Hyun hang, MD 1 In han Song, PhD 1 Sang Hyun Lee, MD 1 ae Ju Kwon, MD 1 Moon Hee Han, MD 1 Sang-Yun Kim, MD
More informationGross Organization I The Brain. Reading: BCP Chapter 7
Gross Organization I The Brain Reading: BCP Chapter 7 Layout of the Nervous System Central Nervous System (CNS) Located inside of bone Includes the brain (in the skull) and the spinal cord (in the backbone)
More informationIntracranial Ganglioglioma: MR, CT,
109 Intracranial Ganglioglioma: MR, CT, and Clinical Findings in 18 Patients Mauricio Castillo 1 Patricia C. Davis 1 Yoshii Takei 2 James C. Hoffman, Jr. 1 Eighteen cases of pathologically proved intracranial
More informationbrain MRI for neuropsychiatrists: what do you need to know
brain MRI for neuropsychiatrists: what do you need to know Christoforos Stoupis, MD, PhD Department of Radiology, Spital Maennedorf, Zurich & Inselspital, University of Bern, Switzerland c.stoupis@spitalmaennedorf.ch
More informationGeneral: Brain tumors are lesions that have mass effect distorting the normal tissue and often result in increased intracranial pressure.
1 Lecture Objectives Know the histologic features of the most common tumors of the CNS. Know the differences in behavior of the different tumor types. Be aware of the treatment modalities in the various
More informationAutomated Identification of Neoplasia in Diagnostic Imaging text reports
Automated Identification of Neoplasia in Diagnostic Imaging text reports "This work has been funded in whole or in part with Federal funds from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
More informationMR Imaging of Acute Coccidioidal Meningitis
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2:59 514, March 1999 MR Imaging of Acute Coccidioidal Meningitis William K. Erly, Richard J. Bellon, Joachim F. Seeger, and Raymond F. Carmody BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Our purpose
More informationPrimary central nervous system lymphomas: CT, MRI and MR spectroscopy findings at presentation
Primary central nervous system lymphomas: CT, MRI and MR spectroscopy findings at presentation Poster No.: C-2577 Congress: ECR 2015 Type: Educational Exhibit Authors: A. Brakus, K. Petrovic, N. Vuckovic,
More informationDepartment of Cognitive Science UCSD
Department of Cognitive Science UCSD Verse 1: Neocortex, frontal lobe, Brain stem, brain stem, Hippocampus, neural node, Right hemisphere, Pons and cortex visual, Brain stem, brain stem, Sylvian fissure,
More informationMR Imaging of the Corpus Callosum: Normal and Pathologic Findings and Correlation with CT
791 Stephen J. Reinarz1 2 Carolyn Ely Coffman1 Wendy A. K. Smoker1 3 John C. Godersky4 This article appears in the July/August 1988 issue of AJNR and the October 1988 Issue of AJR. Received December 12,
More information2015 Diagnostic Slide Session
2015 Diagnostic Slide Session Case 3 R.S. Tashjian, MD A.M. Langer-Gould, MD S. Natarajan, MD B.K. Kleinschmidt-DeMasters, MD H.V. Vinters, MD Disclosures No financial disclosures or conflicts of interest
More informationBlood Supply. Allen Chung, class of 2013
Blood Supply Allen Chung, class of 2013 Objectives Understand the importance of the cerebral circulation. Understand stroke and the types of vascular problems that cause it. Understand ischemic penumbra
More informationMarchiafava-Bignami Disease: Longitudinal MR Imaging and MR Spectroscopy Study
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 24:249 253, February 2003 Case Report Marchiafava-Bignami Disease: Longitudinal MR Imaging and MR Spectroscopy Study Anna Gambini, Andrea Falini, Lucia Moiola, Giancarlo Comi, and
More informationHead CT Scan Interpretation: A Five-Step Approach to Seeing Inside the Head Lawrence B. Stack, MD
Head CT Scan Interpretation: A Five-Step Approach to Seeing Inside the Head Lawrence B. Stack, MD Five Step Approach 1. Adequate study 2. Bone windows 3. Ventricles 4. Quadrigeminal cistern 5. Parenchyma
More informationCADASIL: structural MR imaging changes and apolipoprotein E genotype S E V E N
CADASIL: structural MR imaging changes and apolipoprotein E genotype S E V E N CADASIL: structural MR imaging changes and apolipoprotein E genotype R. van den Boom S.A.J. Lesnik Oberstein A.A. van den
More informationKeep Imaging Simple: An Introduction To Neuroimaging
Keep Imaging Simple: An Introduction To Neuroimaging Meghan Elkins, OD, FAAO Please silence all mobile devices and remove items from chairs so others can sit. Unauthorized recording of this session is
More informationCommon and uncommon differential diagnosis of cerebral microhemorrhages
Common and uncommon differential diagnosis of cerebral microhemorrhages Poster No.: C-0261 Congress: ECR 2014 Type: Educational Exhibit Authors: T. C. Rodrigues 1, S. B. Bergamaschi 1, C. F. R. B. Milito
More informationApplicable Neuroradiology
For the Clinical Neurology Clerkship LSU Medical School New Orleans Amy W Voigt, MD Clerkship Director Introduction The field of Radiology first developed following the discovery of X-Rays by Wilhelm Roentgen
More informationChapter 3. Structure and Function of the Nervous System. Copyright (c) Allyn and Bacon 2004
Chapter 3 Structure and Function of the Nervous System 1 Basic Features of the Nervous System Neuraxis: An imaginary line drawn through the center of the length of the central nervous system, from the
More informationIntroduction to the Central Nervous System: Internal Structure
Introduction to the Central Nervous System: Internal Structure Objective To understand, in general terms, the internal organization of the brain and spinal cord. To understand the 3-dimensional organization
More informationPediatric CNS Tumors. Disclosures. Acknowledgements. Introduction. Introduction. Posterior Fossa Tumors. Whitney Finke, MD
Pediatric CNS Tumors Disclosures Whitney Finke, MD Neuroradiology Fellow PGY-6 University of Utah Health Sciences Center Salt Lake City, Utah None Acknowledgements Introduction Nicholas A. Koontz, MD Luke
More informationFive Most Common Problems in Surgical Neuropathology
Five Most Common Problems in Surgical Neuropathology If the brain were so simple that we could understand it, we would be so simple that we couldn t Emerson Pugh What is your greatest difficulty in neuropathology?
More informationThe Low Sensitivity of Fluid-Attenuated Inversion-Recovery MR in the Detection of Multiple Sclerosis of the Spinal Cord
The Low Sensitivity of Fluid-Attenuated Inversion-Recovery MR in the Detection of Multiple Sclerosis of the Spinal Cord Mark D. Keiper, Robert I. Grossman, John C. Brunson, and Mitchell D. Schnall PURPOSE:
More informationRADIOLOGY TEACHING CONFERENCE
RADIOLOGY TEACHING CONFERENCE John Athas, MD Monica Tadros, MD Columbia University, College of Physicians & Surgeons Department of Otolaryngology- Head & Neck Surgery September 27, 2007 CT SCAN IMAGING
More informationCNS Imaging. Dr Amir Monir, MD. Lecturer of radiodiagnosis.
CNS Imaging Dr Amir Monir, MD Lecturer of radiodiagnosis www.dramir.net Types of radiological examinations you know Plain X ray X ray with contrast GIT : barium (swallow, meal, follow through, enema) ERCP
More informationAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative
ORIGINAL RESEARCH E. Matsusue S. Sugihara S. Fujii T. Kinoshita T. Nakano E. Ohama T. Ogawa Cerebral Cortical and White Matter Lesions in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis with Dementia: Correlation with MR
More information[(PHY-3a) Initials of MD reviewing films] [(PHY-3b) Initials of 2 nd opinion MD]
2015 PHYSICIAN SIGN-OFF (1) STUDY NO (PHY-1) CASE, PER PHYSICIAN REVIEW 1=yes 2=no [strictly meets case definition] (PHY-1a) CASE, IN PHYSICIAN S OPINION 1=yes 2=no (PHY-2) (PHY-3) [based on all available
More informationMeninges and Ventricles
Meninges and Ventricles Irene Yu, class of 2019 LEARNING OBJECTIVES Describe the meningeal layers, the dural infolds, and the spaces they create. Name the contents of the subarachnoid space. Describe the
More informationOsmotic Demyelination Syndrome Case Report POPOVA RD, KALCHEV EB, VALCHEV GN, KALOYANOVA DV, TENEVA TG, BALEV BD
Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome Case Report POPOVA RD, KALCHEV EB, VALCHEV GN, KALOYANOVA DV, TENEVA TG, BALEV BD Once upon a time on a Saturday shift u An emergency head CT scan was ordered from the ICU
More informationFor Emergency Doctors. Dr Suzanne Smallbane November 2011
For Emergency Doctors Dr Suzanne Smallbane November 2011 A: Orbit B: Sphenoid Sinus C: Temporal Lobe D: EAC E: Mastoid air cells F: Cerebellar hemisphere A: Frontal lobe B: Frontal bone C: Dorsum sellae
More informationComplex Hydrocephalus
2012 Hydrocephalus Association Conference Washington, DC - June 27-July1, 2012 Complex Hydrocephalus Marion L. Walker, MD Professor of Neurosurgery & Pediatrics Primary Children s Medical Center University
More informationA Rare Cause of Cerebellar Ataxia Syndrome: Superficial Siderosis of Central Nervous System
257 Rare Cause of Cerebellar taxia Syndrome: Superficial Siderosis of Central Nervous System Simon Kang Seng Ting, MRCP, Kumar M Prakash, FRCP bstract- Purpose: To describe and emphasize importance of
More informationPROPERTY OF ELSEVIER SAMPLE CONTENT - NOT FINAL. Gross Anatomy and General Organization of the Central Nervous System
3 Gross Anatomy and General Organization of the Central Nervous System C h a p t e r O u t l i n e The Long Axis of the CNS Bends at the Cephalic Flexure Hemisecting a Brain Reveals Parts of the Diencephalon,
More informationMedical Neuroscience Tutorial Notes
Medical Neuroscience Tutorial Notes Blood Supply to the Brain MAP TO NEUROSCIENCE CORE CONCEPTS 1 NCC1. The brain is the body's most complex organ. LEARNING OBJECTIVES After study of the assigned learning
More informationRole of Diffusion weighted Imaging in the Evaluation of Intracranial Tumors
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-issn: 2279-0853, p-issn: 2279-0861.Volume 15, Issue 12 Ver. IX (December. 2016), PP 99-104 www.iosrjournals.org Role of Diffusion weighted Imaging
More informationSlide 1. Slide 2. Slide 3. Tomography vs Topography. Computed Tomography (CT): A simplified Topographical review of the Brain. Learning Objective
Slide 1 Computed Tomography (CT): A simplified Topographical review of the Brain Jon Wheiler, ACNP-BC Slide 2 Tomography vs Topography Tomography: A technique for displaying a representation of a cross
More informationBrain Injury After Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: Early and Late Complications
T and MRI of arbon Monoxide Poisoning Neuroradiology Pictorial Essay ownloaded from www.ajronline.org by 46.3.199.82 on 02/28/18 from IP address 46.3.199.82. opyright RRS. For personal use only; all rights
More informationSURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF BRAIN TUMORS
SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF BRAIN TUMORS LIGIA TATARANU, MD, Ph D NEUROSURGICAL CLINIC, BAGDASAR ARSENI CLINICAL HOSPITAL BUCHAREST, ROMANIA SURGICAL INDICATIONS CONFIRMING HISTOLOGIC DIAGNOSIS REDUCING TUMOR
More informationToxins in Brain! Magnetic Resonance (MR) Imaging of Toxic Leukoencephalopathy A Pictorial Essay
Signature: Pol J Radiol, 2017; 82: 311-319 DOI: 10.12659/PJR.901791 REVIEW ARTICLE Received: 2016.10.02 Accepted: 2016.10.11 Published: 2017.06.13 Authors Contribution: A Study Design B Data Collection
More information