Health effects of intermediate frequency magnetic fields

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1 Health effects of intermediate frequency magnetic fields Results from the GERoNiMO-project Professor Jukka Juutilainen honorary seminar: Cores Symposium on Non-Ionizing Radiation Research and Safety Mikko Herrala UEF // University of Eastern Finland

2 This presentation focuses on experimental in GERoNiMO-project The GERoNiMO-project Intermediate frequency magnetic fields Experiments, methods & results Conclusions UEF // University of Eastern Finland Mikko Herrala

3 Funded by European Union 19 partners Coordinator Elisabeth Cardis, Barcelona Institute for Global Health Epidemiology Animal In vitro UEF // University of Eastern Finland Mikko Herrala

4 IF MFs in households induction heating cookers LCD screens compact fluorescent lighting laundry machines various power tools Occupational sources of IF MFs industrial induction and plasma heaters electronic article surveillance systems various medical equipment UEF // University of Eastern Finland Mikko Herrala

Epidemiology Magnetic field exposure from anti-theft systems is low Comparison of women working in stores with or without electronic article surveillance systems (EAS) EAS systems operate at 8.

5 Epidemiology Magnetic field exposure from anti-theft systems is low Comparison of women working in stores with or without electronic article surveillance systems (EAS) EAS systems operate at 8.2 MHz frequency Exposure levels were low (< 1 µt) 4157 women in total 536 births and 38 miscarriages No differences on the risk of miscarriage, reduced birth weight or preterm birth UEF // University of Eastern Finland Mikko Herrala

6 Animal UEF // University of Eastern Finland Mikko Herrala

Animal 2 months old male C57BL/6J mice Exposure - 7.

7 Animal 2 months old male C57BL/6J mice Exposure khz MF at 12 µt or 12 µt or sham exposure - 5 weeks continuously After exposure behavioral testing for 3 weeks and after that sampling for fertility indicators UEF // University of Eastern Finland Mikko Herrala

8 Animal No adverse effects on male fertility indicators No difference in epididymal sperm count or sperm morphology Increased motility in 12 µt exposure group UEF // University of Eastern Finland Mikko Herrala

9 Animal Behavioral tests were conducted after IF MF exposure Spontaneous exploratory activity Motor coordination and balance Anxiety Spatial learning and memory (Morris swim task) Passive avoidance + immunohistochemistry and qpcr analysis UEF // University of Eastern Finland Mikko Herrala

10 Animal Mild indication of memory impairment was observed in mice exposed to IF MF Passive avoidance qpcr analysis UEF // University of Eastern Finland Mikko Herrala

11 Animal IF MF exposure had no effects on behavioral teratology Pregnant C57BL/6J mice 7.5 khz MF at 12 and 12 µt or sham exposure Behavioral testing Immunohistochemistry UEF // University of Eastern Finland Mikko Herrala

12 Animal DNA damage in blood cells Male C57BL/6J mice 7.5 khz MF at 12 and 12 µt or sham exposed for 5 weeks Blood sampling DNA damage with alkaline Comet assay Micronuclei with microscopy UEF // University of Eastern Finland Mikko Herrala

13 Animal IF MF exposure might decrease DNA damage in blood cells DNA damage Micronuclei 2. OTM ** MnPCE (%) * MnNCE (%) 3 ** ** µt 12 µt 12 µt 12 µt 12 µt 12 µt UEF // University of Eastern Finland Mikko Herrala

14 In vitro UEF // University of Eastern Finland Mikko Herrala

15 In vitro Rat primary astrocytes 7.5 khz MF at 3 and 3 µt or sham exposure for 24 h After MF exposure, menadione or MMS for 3 h Alkaline Comet assay to measure DNA damage and repair Micronuclei and relative cell number with flow cytometry 1.5 cm UEF // University of Eastern Finland Mikko Herrala

16 In vitro Inconsistent MF effects MF increased or decreased DNA damage No clear MF effects on DNA repair a OTM c OTM time (min) 15 6 time (min) Menadione µm b 5 MF 3 µt MF 3 µt OTM Menadione 15 µm d 5 OTM time (min) 15 6 time (min) MF 3 µt MF 3 µt e 8 6 Menadione 2 µm f 8 MF 3 µt 6 ** MF 3 µt OTM 4 OTM time (min) 15 6 time (min) UEF // University of Eastern Finland Mikko Herrala

17 In vitro MF increased relative cell number Micronucleus frequency Menadione MMS Micronuclei (%) MF 3 T Micronuclei (%) MF 3 T Micronuclei (%) MF 3 T Micronuclei (%) * MF 3 T Menadione ( M) Menadione ( M) MMS ( g/ml) MMS ( g/ml) Relative cell number (%) * 15 2 Menadione ( M) MF 3 T Relative cell number (%) * * 15 2 Menadione ( M) MF 3 T Relative cell number (%) MMS ( g/ml) MF 3 T Relative cell number (%) MMS ( g/ml) MF 3 T Relative cell number UEF // University of Eastern Finland Mikko Herrala

18 In vitro MF exposure did not induce or enhance genomic instability Rat primary astrocytes 7.5 khz MF at 3 µt or sham exposure for 24 h After MF exposure, MMS or menadione for 3 h DNA damage and micronuclei measured 36 days after exposure MF decreased genomic instability UEF // University of Eastern Finland Mikko Herrala

19 Conclusions Exposure to 7.5 khz MFs up to 3 μt No adverse effects on male fertility indicators, prenatal and early postnatal development of the brain, or genotoxicity in vitro or in vivo Mild impairment of learning and memory may result from exposure of adult animals Findings indicate rather favorable than adverse biological effects; increased sperm motility, increased relative cell number and suggestive decrease in the level of genetic damage UEF // University of Eastern Finland Mikko Herrala

20 More information coming in Academic Dissertations Kajal Kumari: In vivo and in vitro on the health effects of intermediate frequency magnetic fields Public examination in the Auditorium CA12 in Canthia Building at the University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio on 22 nd of November, 218 at 12 o clock noon. Mikko Herrala: Do electromagnetic fields damage the genome? Public examination in the Auditorium SN2 in Snellmania Building at the University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio on 15 th of December, 218 at one o clock afternoon. mikko.herrala@uef.fi

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