Human Anatomy and Physiology

Transcription

1 East Penn School District Secondary Curriculum A Planned Course Statement for Human Anatomy and Physiology Course # 434 Grade(s) 11,12 Department: Science Length of Period (mins) 40 Total Clock Hours: 160 Periods per Week: 8 Length of Course (yrs.) 1 Type of Offering: required elective Credit: 1.4 Adopted: 5/10/04 Developed by: Corinna Kramer-Hinks Carl Smartschan

2 Description of Course Course Title: Human Anatomy & Physiology - # 434 Description: The first semester deals with an introduction to human anatomy, with studies in the following areas: cells and tissues, blood, the heart, blood vessels, the digestive system and digestion of bio-molecules, and the lymphatic system and immunity. The second semester deals with DNA technologies, cancer, the nervous system, the muscular system, the skeletal system and joints of the body, and the reproduction system, including embryological development. Labs will include, but not be limited to, those requiring extensive use of the microscope, examination of various animal organs, bones and skeletons, and the taking of blood pressures. The student will study disorders and diseases of the body and the current diagnostic techniques and treatment pertaining to them throughout the year. All students will conduct research, write a research paper, and give a presentation to the class. Goals: Identify the key structures of the body systems and relate structure to function. List and describe disorder and current medical approaches in diagnosing and treating disorders. Carry out laboratory procedures relevant to the course content, collect data, and interpret these data in relation to key concepts of the curriculum. Access and synthesis data from library, online services, and other resources to augment and enrich specific curricular topics. Requirements: Prerequisite: 74% or better in Chemistry I C.P. and Biology I, or teacher/counselor approval Text: Marieb, Elaine, Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7 th edition, Benjamin Cummings, Prentice Hall, 2003 Key to Levels of Achievement (Listed with each learning objective) Awareness (A): Learning (L): Understanding (U): Reinforcement (R): Students are introduced to concepts, forms, and patterns. Students are involved in a sequence of steps and practice activities which involved further development and allow evaluation of process. Students demonstrate ability to apply acquired concepts and skills to individual assignments and projects on an independent level. Students maintain and broaden understanding of concepts and skills to accomplish tasks at a greater level of sophistication.

3 Course Objectives - Science Human Anatomy & Physiology Page 1 Research Project 1 Students will produce a research U Topics relating to the curriculum as it is Preliminary bibliography B paper pertaining to pertinent topic in taught throughout the year and notes/outline C Anatomy. Research paper Oral presentation An Orientation of the Human Body Cell Physiology 3 2 Students will describe and explain the structural organization of the human body. Students will demonstrate proficiency in the use of the microscope, identify the structural components of various cells and the functions of components, and compare and contrast DNA and RNA in the human body. Histology 4 Students will explain how the 4 major tissue types differ structurally and functionally, and discuss cancer as abnormal tissue formation. Skin and Body Membranes 5 Students will analyze important Integumentary system, and discuss skin. Blood 6 Students will describe the composition of blood and discuss its importance in the body, explain the significance of the ABO and Rh blood grouping systems, and discuss homeostatic imbalances of blood. Cardiovascular System 7 Students will analyze important cardiovascular system, discuss U Levels of organization Homeostasis and feedback Body planes and sections Directional terms Body cavities Body organization lab (carrot) R Microscope lab Organelles and their functions Cell diversity in the body Structure of DNA and RNA Replication of DNA Relationship between DNA, genes, and chromosomes Genes and their role in protein synthesis Human Genome Project DNA fingerprinting U Tissue lab Epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissues Carcinogens, oncogenes, metastasis, treatments U Skin and its appendages Disorders: skin cancer U Lab: blood cells Lab: blood typing Plasma, formed elements, coagulation and clotting factors, blood typing Disorders: anemia, leukemia, hemophilia U Heart lab Chambers, valves, and great vessels of the heart A C D E B C A B C C A

4 Course Objectives - Science Human Anatomy & Physiology Page 2 Cardiac conduction system and EKG A cardiovascular system, and explain Cardiac output diagnostic techniques used to detect Blood flow through the heart Blood vessel lab cardiovascular system. Structure of arteries, veins, and capillaries Systemic and pulmonary circulation Major arteries and veins of systemic circulation Blood pressure lab Pulse, systolic and diastolic Disorders: angina, heart attack, heart murmur, fibrillation, stroke, varicose veins, aneurysm, hypertension, atherosclerosis Lymphatic System and Body Defenses 8 Students will analyze important lymphatic system, and discuss lymphatic system. Endocrine System 9 Students will analyze important endocrine system, and discuss the role of hormones in the human body. Nervous System 10 Students will analyze important nervous system, discuss homeostatic imbalances of the nervous system, and explain diagnostic techniques use to detect homeostatic imbalances of the nervous system. U Lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, tonsils, Non-specific and specific immunity (CMI and AMI) Organ transplant and rejection Disorders: allergies, immunodeficiency s, autoimmune diseases U Pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenal, pancreas, gonads U Neurons and neuralgia, nerve impulse, reflex arc, synaptic conduction Cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem, diencephalons Spinal cord, cranial and spinal nerves Autonomic nervous system, sympathetic and parasympathetic Meninges, CSF, blood-brain barrier Disorders: multiple sclerosis, Parkinson s, Alzheimer s, Huntington s, paralysis, cerebral palsy Diagnostic techniques: EEG, CT scan, MRI, PET C A

5 Course Objectives - Science Human Anatomy & Physiology Page 3 Digestive System 11 Students will analyze important U Alimentary canal and accessory organs Mechanical and chemical digestion digestive system, discuss Absorption Disorders: peptic ulcer, gallstones, digestive system, and explain hepatitis, cirrhosis, diabetes, ARD (acid diagnostic techniques used to detect reflux disease) Diagnostic techniques: endoscopy, digestive system. laparoscopy Urinary System 12 Students will analyze important urinary system, and discuss urinary system. Respiratory System 13 Students will analyze important respiratory system, and discuss respiratory system. Skeletal System 14 Students will analyze important skeletal system, discuss homeostatic imbalances of the skeletal system, and explain diagnostic techniques used to detect homeostatic imbalances of the skeletal system. Muscular System 15 Students will analyze important muscular system, explain the mechanics of muscular contraction, and discuss homeostatic imbalances of the muscular system. U Kidneys and nephrons, ureter, bladder, urethra Urine formation: filtration, reabsorption, secretion Kidney stones, renal failure and dialysis U Pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, diaphragm and intercostals Gas exchange Disorders: lung cancer, emphysema, bronchitis; asthma U Types of bones Bone tissue lab Lab: structure of a long bone Formation, growth, and remodeling Lab: axial skeleton: skull, rib cage, and vertebral column Lab: appendicular skeleton: pelvic and pectoral girdles and limbs Articulations and types of movements Disorders: osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, herniated disc, scoliosis, spina bifida Diagnostic techniques: X-Ray, Dexascan, CT scan, MRI, arthroscopy U Lab: types of muscle tissue structure of skeletal muscles Muscle contraction: motor unit, neuromuscular junction, sliding filament theory, Lab: energy producing methods (cretin phosphate system, anaerobic and aerobic) C A

6 Course Objectives - Science Human Anatomy & Physiology Page 4 Origin and insertion of muscles Identify major skeletal muscles and their origin, insertion, and action Effect of anabolic steroids disorders: muscle cramps, Duchene Muscular Dystrophy Reproductive System Pregnancy and Development 16 Students will analyze important reproductive system, discuss reproductive system, and explain diagnostic techniques used to detect reproductive system. 17 Students will describe the stages in the development of a human from fertilization through birth, discuss homeostatic imbalances that may occur during development, assess the use of reproductive technologies, explain diagnostic techniques used during pregnancy. U Gonads and accessory organs Gametogenesis Lab: seminiferous tubules and production of sperm Hormonal control Disorders: sterility; prostate, cervical, and breast cancer Diagnostic techniques: laparoscopy, PAP smear, mammogram U Fertilization, zygote, cleavages, twins, morula, blastocyst, gastrula, embryonic and fetal stages, birth Lab: embryological development Disorders: ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage Artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization Ultrasound, CVS, amniocentesis B C