Supplemental Table 1. MicroRNAs (mirnas) up- or downregulated in various

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1 Supplemental Table 1. MicroRNAs (mirnas) up- or downregulated in various tumors relative to normal tissues mirna Up/down Cancer Reference Up Colon cancer 1 Down Breast cancer 2 Down Prostate cancer 3 Down Hepatocellular cancer 4 let-7 Down Gastric tumor 5 Up Uterine leiomyoma 6 Up Pancreatic cancer 7 Up Hepatocelluar carcinoma 8 Down Lung cancer 9 Down Lung cancer 10 Down Breast cancer 11 mir-9 Up Breast cancer 12 Down Neuroblastoma 13 mir-10b Up Breast cancer 12 Up Glioblastoma 14 mir-17-5p Up Neuroblastoma 15 Down Breast cancer 16 mir-18 Up Hepatocellular carcinoma 17 Up Breast cancer 2 Up Colorectal cancer 18 Up Ovarian cancer 19 Up Hepatocellular cancer 20 Up Cervical cancer 21 Up Pancreatic cancer 22 Up Chronic lymphocytic leukemia 23 Up Uterine leiomyoma 6 mir-21 Up Pancreatic cancer 7 Down Pituitary adenomas 24 Up Breast tumor 25 Up Pancreatic tumor 26 Up Hepatocelluar carcinoma 8 Up Cholangiocarcinoma 27 Up Lung cancer 28 Up Breast cancer 29 Up Glioblastoma 30 mir-23a Up Pancreatic tumor 26

2 mir-23b Up Uterine leiomyoma 6 mir-23 Up Hepatocelluar carcinoma 8 mir-26a Down Thyroid cancer 31 mir-26b Up Pancreatic tumor 26 mir-27a Up Breast cancer 32 mir-27b Down Breast cancer 33 mir-29s Down Cholangiocarcinoma 34 mir-30a Down Thyroid cancer 31 mir-30d Down Thyroid cancer 31 mir-31 Up Colorectal cancer 35 Down Lung cancer 36 Down Neuroblastoma 37 mir-34s Down Pancreatic cancers 38 Up Renal cell carcinoma 39 Up Colon cancers 40 Up Hepatocellular carcinoma 20 mir-92 Up Neuroblastoma 15 Down Chronic lymphocytic leukemia 23 mir-96 Up Colorectal cancer 35 mir-100 Up Pancreatic cancer 7 mir-103 Up Pancreatic tumor 26 mir-107 Up Pancreatic tumor 7 mir-122a Down Hepatocellular cancer 4 mir-122 Down Hepatocelluar carcinoma 8 mir-124a Down Colon cancer, lung cancer 41 mir-125a Down Neuroblastoma 13 Up Prostate cancer 42 Down Prostate cancer 3 Down Ovarian cancer 19 mir-125b Down Thyroid cancer 31 Down Neuroblastoma 13 Up Pancreatic cancer 7 Down Breast cancer 29 mir-126* Down Lung cancer 28 mir-128 Down Glioblastoma 14 mir-130 Up Hepatocelluar carcinoma 8 mir-133b Down Colorectal cancer 35 mir-135b Up Colorectal cancer 35 mir-140 Down Ovarian cancer 19 mir-141 Up Ovarian cancer 19 Down Pituitary adenomas 24 mir-143 Down B cell maligancies 43 Down Cervical cancer 21

3 Down Colorectal neoplasia 44 mir-144 Down Pituitary adenomas 24 Down B cell maligancies 43 Down Prostate cancer 3 mir-145 Down Ovarian cancer 19 Down Colorectal cancer 35 Down Breast cancer 29 Down Colorectal neoplasia 44 mir-146b Up Papillary thyroid carcinoma 45 mir-149 Up Pituitary adenomas 24 mir-150 Up Chronic lymphocytic leukemia 23 mir-155 Up Breast cancer 12 Up Pancreatic cancer 22 Up Chronic lymphocytic leukemia 23 Up Pancreatic cancer 7 Down Pancreatic tumor 26 Up Hodgkin's lymphomas, diffuse large B cell lymphoma, primary mediastinal B cell lymphoma 46 Up Diffuse large B cell lymphoma 47 Up Burkitt lymphoma 48 Up Pancreatic cancer 22 mir-181a Up Pancreatic cancer 7 Down Glioblastoma 14 Up Colon cancer 1 mir-181b Up Pancreatic cancer 22 Up Papillary thyroid carcinoma 49 Down Glioblastoma 14 mir-181d Up Pancreatic cancer 22 mir-183 Up Colorectal cancer 35 mir-184 Down Neuroblastoma 50 mir-192 Up Pancreatic tumor 26 mir-196a Up Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma 51 mir-197 Up Thyroid cancer 52 mir-199a Down Ovarian cancer 19 Down Hepatocellular carcinoma 17 mir- 199a* Down Hepatocellular carcinoma 17 mir-200a Up Ovarian cancer 19 Down Hepatocellular carcinoma 17 mir-200c Up Colon cancer 1 mir-204 Up Pancreatic tumor 26 mir-205 Up Lung cancer 28 mir-211 Up Pancreatic tumor 26 mir-212 Up Pancreatic cancer 7 mir-217 Down Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma 51

4 mir-221 mir-222 Up Glioblastoma 53 Up Hepatocellular cancer 4 Up Pancreatic cancer 22 Up Pancreatic cancer 7 Up Papillary thyroid carcinoma 49 Up Papillary thyroid carcinoma 45 Up Glioblastoma 14 Up Glioblastoma 53 Up Pancreatic cancer 22 Up Papillary thyroid carcinoma 49 Down Chronic lymphocytic leukemia 23 Up Papillary thyroid carcinoma 45 mir-224 Up Hepatocellular carcinoma 17 mir-301 Up Pancreatic cancer 7 mir-320 Up Neuroblastoma 15 mir-342 Up Pancreatic tumor 26 mir-346 Up Thyroid cancer 52 mir-372 Up Testicular germ cell tumor 54 mir-373 Up Testicular germ cell tumor 54 mir-375 Down Pancreatic cancer 7 mir-376a Up Pancreatic cancer 7 mir-16-1,- 15a cluster mir-17 cluster mir-106a cluster Down Chronic lymphocytic leukemia 55 Down Chronic lymphocytic leukemia 56 Down Pituitary adenomas 57 Down B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemias 58 Up Erythroleukemia 59 Up Lung cancer cell line 60 Up Lung cancer 61 Up B cell lymphomas 62 Up T cell leukemia 63

5 Supplemental Table 2. MicroRNAs (mirnas) that affect the properties of cancer cells mirna /- Effect on cell growth Note Reference let-7 Inhibition of cell growth Lung cancer cell lines 10 Inhibition of cell growth G1 arrest A549 lung cancer line or let-7 hepg2 cell line 64 Enhanced cell growth A549 lung cancer line let-7c Inhibition of cell growth G1 accumulation Hepa-1 65 let-7 Inhibition of cell growth Lung cancer cell lines 66 let-7g Inhibition of cell growth let-7a-3 let-7 mir-9, - 125a, - 125b mir-10b mir-16-1,- 15a Enhanced cell growth Increased anchorage independent growth soft agar assay Enhanced cytotoxicity more apoptosis by gemcitabine, 5-FU, camptothecin Inhibition of cell growth decreased brdu incorporation Enhanced cell growth rescue of RA-induced growth arrest Increased migration, invasion, intravasation, metastasis Decreased invasion Increased apoptosis 67 A549 lung cancer line 68 Cholangiocarcinoma cell lines 69 Neuroblastoma 13 Megakaryocytic cell line MEG-01 Inhibition of cell growth adhesion mir-17-5p independent growth Breast cancer 16 Enhanced cell growth mir-17-5p and 20a Inhibition of cell growth increased apoptosis Lung cancer cell line Calu-6 and ACC-LC mir-17-5p, -20 Enhanced cell growth adhesion independent growth, in vitro culture and engrafted tumor 70 mir-20a Increased apoptosis in combination with doxorubicin 71 mir cluster Enhanced cell growth Chronic myeloid leukemia cell line 72 mir cluster Increased angiogenesis Colon cancer model 73 mir cluster Enhanced cell growth Lung cancer cell line 61 Increased invasion, intravasation, metastasis mir-21 Decreased invasion, intravasation, Colorectal cancer 18 metastasis mir-21 Increased apoptosis reduced tumor growth upon inhibition by modified LNA in vivo Glioblastoma 74 mir-21 Enhanced cell growth, increased migration Hepatocellular cancer cell Inhibition of cell growth, decreased cell lines and normal hepatocytes migration and invasion 20 mir-21 Decreased apoptosis upon IL-6 removal Myeloma cell line 75 mir-21 Inhibition of cell growth in vitro culture and engrafted tumor, increased apoptosis Breast tumor 25 mir-21 Decreased cytotoxicity and less apoptosis upon gemcitabine treatment in vitro culture Cholangiocarcinoma

6 Increased cytotoxicity and more apoptosis upon gemcitabine treatment in vitro culture mir-21 Increased apoptosis Glioblastoma cell line 30 mir-26, - Increased apoptosis 210, -107 Decreased apoptosis HIF hypoxia-induced mirnas 76 mir-27a Increased apoptosis, inhibition of cell growth Breast cancer cell lines 32 mir-29a, b, c Inhibition of cell growth in vitro culture and engrafted tumor, increased apoptosis Lung cancer cells 77 mir-29b Increased apoptosis Cholangiocarcinoma cell line Decreased apoptosis TRAIL-induced cell death 34 mir-34a Inhibition of cell growth in vitro culture and engrafted tumor, senescence-like phenotype 40 mir-34a Inhibition of cell growth G1 accumulation 78 mir-34a Inhibition of cell growth increased apoptosis 38 Inhibition of cell growth increased apoptosis mir-34a Decreased apoptosis induced by genotoxic 79 stress mir-34a G1 accumulation 36 mir-34a Inhibition of cell growth increased apoptosis Neuroblastoma cell lines 37 mir-34a, - 34b, -34c Inhibition of cell growth G1 accumulation and senescence 80 mir-34b and -34c Inhibition of cell growth adhesion independent growth 81 mir-98 More resistant to doxorubicin Primary human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines 82 mir-106a Transformation of NIH3T3 colony 63 cluster mir-125a, -125b mir-125b formation assay Inhibition of cell growth, decreased migration and invasion Enhanced cell growth Inhibition of cell growth Breast cancer 83 Prostate cancer cell lines 42 mir-125b Inhibition of cell growth Differentiated cell lines 84 mir-125b, Inhibition of cell growth FB-1 cells, thyroid cancer cell 31-26a line mir-143, - Inhibition of cell growth B cell malignancies, Raji cell mir-184 Inhibition of cell growth increased apoptosis Neuroblastoma cell lines 50 mir-197, - Inhibition of cell growth Thyroid cancer mir-221, - Inhibition of cell growth Glioblastoma mir-221, - Inhibition of cell growth G1 block Glioblastoma Enhanced cell growth adhesion independent mir-221, - growth Lncap prostate cancer cell line Inhibition of cell growth adhesion independent growth PC3 prostate cancer cell line Enhanced cell growth mir-221 Papillary thyroid carcinoma 49 Inhibition of cell growth mir-372, - Increased cell growth adhesion independent Testicular germ cell tumor growth, decreased senescence Increased cell growth in vitro culture and engrafted tumor, reduced apoptosis, mir-378 enhanced angiogenesis U87 glioblastoma cell line 87 Inhibition of cell growth

7 EBVencoded BART mirnas Decreased apoptosis Nasopharyngeal carcinoma 88 Phenotypes of cells are described after ectopic expression (denoted as in the second column) or inhibition ( - in the second column) of a mirna. Abbreviations: EBV, Epstein-Barr virus; TRAIL, tumor necrosis factor--related apoptosis-inducing ligand.

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9 interplay between micrornas and the neurotrophin receptor tropomyosinrelated kinase C controls proliferation of human neuroblastoma cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104: Ciafre SA, Galardi S, Mangiola A, Ferracin M, Liu CG, et al Extensive modulation of a set of micrornas in primary glioblastoma. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 334: Schulte JH, Horn S, Otto T, Samans B, Heukamp LC, et al MYCN regulates oncogenic MicroRNAs in neuroblastoma. Int. J. Cancer 122: Hossain A, Kuo MT, Saunders GF Mir-17-5p regulates breast cancer cell proliferation by inhibiting translation of AIB1 mrna. Mol. Cell. Biol. 26: Murakami Y, Yasuda T, Saigo K, Urashima T, Toyoda H, et al Comprehensive analysis of microrna expression patterns in hepatocellular carcinoma and non-tumorous tissues. Oncogene 25: Asangani IA, Rasheed SA, Nikolova DA, Leupold JH, Colburn NH, et al MicroRNA-21 mir-21 post-transcriptionally downregulates tumor suppressor Pdcd4 and stimulates invasion, intravasation and metastasis in colorectal cancer. Oncogene 27: Iorio MV, Visone R, Di Leva G, Donati V, Petrocca F, et al MicroRNA signatures in human ovarian cancer. Cancer Res. 67: Meng F, Henson R, Wehbe-Janek H, Ghoshal K, Jacob ST, Patel T MicroRNA-21 regulates expression of the PTEN tumor suppressor gene in human hepatocellular cancer. Gastroenterology 133: Lui WO, Pourmand N, Patterson BK, Fire A Patterns of known and novel small RNAs in human cervical cancer. Cancer Res. 67: Bloomston M, Frankel WL, Petrocca F, Volinia S, Alder H, et al MicroRNA expression patterns to differentiate pancreatic adenocarcinoma from normal pancreas and chronic pancreatitis. JAMA 297: Fulci V, Chiaretti S, Goldoni M, Azzalin G, Carucci N, et al Quantitative technologies establish a novel microrna profile of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 109: Bottoni A, Zatelli MC, Ferracin M, Tagliati F, Piccin D, et al Identification of differentially expressed micrornas by microarray: a possible role for microrna genes in pituitary adenomas. J. Cell Physiol. 210: Si ML, Zhu S, Wu H, Lu Z, Wu F, Mo YY mir-21-mediated tumor growth. Oncogene 26:

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11 Transactivation of mir-34a by p53 broadly influences gene expression and promotes apoptosis. Mol. Cell 26: Dutta KK, Zhong Y, Liu YT, Yamada T, Akatsuka S, et al Association of microrna-34a overexpression with proliferation is cell type-dependent. Cancer Sci. 98: Tazawa H, Tsuchiya N, Izumiya M, Nakagama H Tumor-suppressive mir-34a induces senescence-like growth arrest through modulation of the E2F pathway in human colon cancer cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104: Lujambio A, Ropero S, Ballestar E, Fraga MF, Cerrato C, et al Genetic unmasking of an epigenetically silenced microrna in human cancer cells. Cancer Res. 67: Shi XB, Xue L, Yang J, Ma AH, Zhao J, et al An androgen-regulated mirna suppresses Bak1 expression and induces androgen-independent growth of prostate cancer cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104: Akao Y, Nakagawa Y, Kitade Y, Kinoshita T, Naoe T Downregulation of micrornas-143 and -145 in B-cell malignancies. Cancer Sci. 98: Michael MZ, O Connor SM, van Holst Pellekaan NG, Young GP, James RJ Reduced accumulation of specific micrornas in colorectal neoplasia. Mol. Cancer Res. 1: He H, Jazdzewski K, Li W, Liyanarachchi S, Nagy R, et al The role of microrna genes in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102: Kluiver J, Poppema S, de Jong D, Blokzijl T, Harms G, et al BIC and mir-155 are highly expressed in Hodgkin, primary mediastinal and diffuse large B cell lymphomas. J. Pathol. 207: Eis PS, Tam W, Sun L, Chadburn A, Li Z, et al Accumulation of mir-155 and BIC RNA in human B cell lymphomas. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102: Metzler M, Wilda M, Busch K, Viehmann S, Borkhardt A High expression of precursor microrna-155/bic RNA in children with Burkitt lymphoma. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 39: Pallante P, Visone R, Ferracin M, Ferraro A, Berlingieri MT, et al MicroRNA deregulation in human thyroid papillary carcinomas. Endocr. Relat. Cancer 13: Chen Y, Stallings RL Differential patterns of microrna expression in neuroblastoma are correlated with prognosis, differentiation, and apoptosis.

12 Cancer Res. 67: Szafranska AE, Davison TS, John J, Cannon T, Sipos B, et al MicroRNA expression alterations are linked to tumorigenesis and non-neoplastic processes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Oncogene 26: Weber F, Teresi RE, Broelsch CE, Frilling A, Eng C A limited set of human MicroRNA is deregulated in follicular thyroid carcinoma. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 91: le Sage C, Nagel R, Egan DA, Schrier M, Mesman E, et al Regulation of the p27kip1 tumor suppressor by mir-221 and mir-222 promotes cancer cell proliferation. EMBO J. 26: Voorhoeve PM, le Sage C, Schrier M, Gillis AJ, Stoop H, et al A genetic screen implicates mirna-372 and mirna-373 as oncogenes in testicular germ cell tumors. Cell 124: Calin GA, Ferracin M, Cimmino A, Di Leva G, Shimizu M, et al A MicroRNA signature associated with prognosis and progression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. N. Engl. J. Med. 353: Cimmino A, Calin GA, Fabbri M, Iorio MV, Ferracin M, et al mir-15 and mir-16 induce apoptosis by targeting BCL2. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102: Bottoni A, Piccin D, Tagliati F, Luchin A, Zatelli MC, degli Uberti EC mir-15a and mir-16-1 down-regulation in pituitary adenomas. J. Cell Physiol. 204: Calin GA, Dumitru CD, Shimizu M, Bichi R, Zupo S, et al Frequent deletions and down-regulation of micro- RNA genes mir15 and mir16 at 13q14 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99: Cui JW, Li YJ, Sarkar A, Brown J, Tan YH, et al Retroviral insertional activation of the Fli-3 locus in erythroleukemias encoding a cluster of micrornas that convert Epo-induced differentiation to proliferation. Blood 110: Matsubara H, Takeuchi T, Nishikawa E, Yanagisawa K, Hayashita Y, et al Apoptosis induction by antisense oligonucleotides against mir-17-5p and mir- 20a in lung cancers overexpressing mir Oncogene 26: Hayashita Y, Osada H, Tatematsu Y, Yamada H, Yanagisawa K, et al A polycistronic microrna cluster, mir-17-92, is overexpressed in human lung cancers and enhances cell proliferation. Cancer Res. 65: He L, Thomson JM, Hemann MT, Hernando-Monge E, Mu D, et al A

13 microrna polycistron as a potential human oncogene. Nature 435: Landais S, Landry S, Legault P, Rassart E Oncogenic potential of the mir cluster and its implication in human T-cell leukemia. Cancer Res. 67: Johnson CD, Esquela-Kerscher A, Stefani G, Byrom M, Kelnar K, et al The let-7 microrna represses cell proliferation pathways in human cells. Cancer Res. 67: Shah YM, Morimura K, Yang Q, Tanabe T, Takagi M, Gonzalez FJ Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha regulates a micrornamediated signaling cascade responsible for hepatocellular proliferation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 27: Lee YS, Dutta A The tumor suppressor microrna let-7 represses the HMGA2 oncogene. Genes Dev. 21: Kumar MS, Lu J, Mercer KL, Golub TR, Jacks T Impaired microrna processing enhances cellular transformation and tumorigenesis. Nat. Genet. 39: Brueckner B, Stresemann C, Kuner R, Mund C, Musch T, et al The human let-7a-3 locus contains an epigenetically regulated microrna gene with oncogenic function. Cancer Res. 67: Meng F, Henson R, Wehbe-Janek H, Smith H, Ueno Y, Patel T The MicroRNA let-7a modulates interleukin-6-dependent STAT-3 survival signaling in malignant human cholangiocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 282: Tagawa H, Karube K, Tsuzuki S, Ohshima K, Seto M Synergistic action of the microrna-17 polycistron and Myc in aggressive cancer development. Cancer Sci. 98: Sylvestre Y, De Guire V, Querido E, Mukhopadhyay UK, Bourdeau V, et al An E2F/miR-20a autoregulatory feedback loop. J. Biol. Chem. 282: Venturini L, Battmer K, Castoldi M, Schultheis B, Hochhaus A, et al Expression of the mir polycistron in chronic myeloid leukemia CML CD34 cells. Blood 109: Dews M, Homayouni A, Yu D, Murphy D, Sevignani C, et al Augmentation of tumor angiogenesis by a Myc-activated microrna cluster. Nat. Genet. 38: Corsten MF, Miranda R, Kasmieh R, Krichevsky AM, Weissleder R, Shah K MicroRNA-21 knockdown disrupts glioma growth in vivo and displays

14 synergistic cytotoxicity with neural precursor cell delivered S-TRAIL in human gliomas. Cancer Res. 67: Löffler D, Brocke-Heidrich K, Pfeifer G, Stocsits C, Hackermüller J, et al Interleukin-6 dependent survival of multiple myeloma cells involves the Stat3- mediated induction of microrna-21 through a highly conserved enhancer. Blood 110: Kulshreshtha R, Ferracin M, Wojcik SE, Garzon R, Alder H, et al A microrna signature of hypoxia. Mol. Cell. Biol. 27: Fabbri M, Garzon R, Cimmino A, Liu Z, Zanesi N, et al MicroRNA-29 family reverts aberrant methylation in lung cancer by targeting DNA methyltransferases 3A and 3B. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104: Tarasov V, Jung P, Verdoodt B, Lodygin D, Epanchintsev A, et al Differential regulation of micrornas by p53 revealed by massively parallel sequencing: mir-34a is a p53 target that induces apoptosis and G1-arrest. Cell Cycle 6: Raver-Shapira N, Marciano E, Meiri E, Spector Y, Rosenfeld N, et al Transcriptional activation of mir-34a contributes to p53-mediated apoptosis. Mol. Cell 26: He L, He X, Lim LP, de Stanchina E, Xuan Z, et al A microrna component of the p53 tumour suppressor network. Nature 447: Corney DC, Flesken-Nikitin A, Godwin AK, Wang W, Nikitin AY MicroRNA-34b and MicroRNA-34c are targets of p53 and cooperate in control of cell proliferation and adhesion-independent growth. Cancer Res. 67: Hebert C, Norris K, Scheper MA, Nikitakis N, Sauk JJ High mobility group A2 is a target for mirna-98 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Mol. Cancer 6:5 83. Scott GK, Goga A, Bhaumik D, Berger CE, Sullivan CS, Benz CC Coordinate suppression of ERBB2 and ERBB3 by enforced expression of micro-rna mir-125a or mir-125b. J. Biol. Chem. 282: Lee YS, Kim HK, Chung S, Kim KS, Dutta A Depletion of human micro- RNA mir-125b reveals that it is critical for the proliferation of differentiated cells but not for the down-regulation of putative targets during differentiation. J. Biol. Chem. 280: Gillies JK, Lorimer IA Regulation of p27kip1 by mirna 221/222 in glioblastoma. Cell Cycle 6: Galardi S, Mercatelli N, Giorda E, Massalini S, Frajese GV, et al mir-221

15 and mir-222 expression affects the proliferation potential of human prostate carcinoma cell lines by targeting p27kip1. J. Biol. Chem. 282: Lee DY, Deng Z, Wang CH, Yang BB MicroRNA-378 promotes cell survival, tumor growth, and angiogenesis by targeting SuFu and Fus-1 expression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104: Lo AK, To KF, Lo KW, Lung RW, Hui JW, et al Modulation of LMP1 protein expression by EBV-encoded micrornas. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104:

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