Cells & Transport. Chapter 7.1, 7.2, & 7.4
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1 Cells & Transport Chapter 7.1, 7.2, & 7.4
2 Do Now How big is a cell? How many cells are we made of? How many cells is the smallest living organism made of?
3 Objectives Describe how cells were discovered and named. Compare and contrast light microscopes vs. electron microscopes. Explain what is found in a basic cell.
4 Egg cell Cells! 37 Trillion! Bacteria cell Nerve cell
5 How big is cell in relation to things I know? Cell Size
6 Objectives 1. SWBAT compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 2. SWBAT compare and contrast plant and animal cells. Extra Resources: Animation 1 Animation 2 Video 1 Video 2 Video 3
7 What are the differences between these two cells? Make a T chart comparing the two cells Cell A Cell B
8 7.1 Cells, Prokaryote & Eukaryote I. All cells are either Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic A. Prokaryote- Before nucleus, Bacteria, Has a nuclear region Simple structure Has Circular DNA Contains a plasma membrane and ribosomes Does not contain organelles
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11 EUKARYOTE B. Eukaryote- True nucleus, has a membrane bound DNA containing organelle (nucleus) More complex structure Contains Plasma membrane Animal cells and plant cells -most other cells besides bacteria Contains organelles (mitochondria, nucleus, etc.)
12 Most Single Celled Organisms are Prokaryotes! Prokaryotes Bacteria Archaea Eukaryotes Yeast Paramecia Amoeba
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14 C. Compare and contrast prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells Prokaryote Eukaryote
15 What are the differences between these two cells? Make a T chart comparing the two cells. Cell A Cell B
16 II. Animal vs. Plant Cell A. Animal Cells Round/irregular shape Only cell membrane (no cell wall) Has centrioles and lysosomes Very small vacuoles
17 II. Animal vs. Plant Cell B. Plant Cells Has a cell wall AND cell membrane Has chloroplasts and chlorophyll Used for photosynthesis No centrioles Rectangular shape 1 large vacuole
18 II. Animal vs. Plant Cells Animal Plant
19 Do Now Create a concept chart (Flow Chart) using the following words: Prokaryote, Eukaryote, Plant/animal cells, bacteria, circular DNA, DNA in nucleus, nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, membrane bound organelles
20 Sample Questions
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22 Date of Quiz Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote cells Plants vs. Animal Cells (Lab) Microscope Parts How to use a Microscope Video - How to use a microscope
23 Do Now Label Me!
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26 Do Now What organelles are specific to: plant cells Animal cells Explain the major differences in cell walls and cell membranes.
27 Do Now Do cells communicate? Provide an example of cells communicating How do they communicate?
28 Objectives SWBAT define phospholipid bilayer and be able to draw the bilayer. SWBAT explain how different types of substances cross the membrane. Extra Resources: Animation 1 Video 1 Video 2
29 7.2 Plasma membrane I. Goal: A. Maintains internal environment different from external environment B. Regulates what molecules enter and exit the cell. C. Made of a phospholipid bilayer
30 II. Phospholipid A. Made of: Gylcerol, 2 fatty acid chains, and a phosphate group 1. Phospho -Hydrophillic Polar (heads) 2. lipid -Hydrophobic Non-polar (tails)
31 THINK PAIR SHARE How do fats travel in the blood? See if you could use phospholipids to show how fats travel in the blood. (Think about the phospholipid structure) Try to draw it!
32 THINK PAIR SHARE Taking it further If you wanted to create a line of fats with water on both sides of the line, HOW WOULD YOU DRAW THIS USING phospholipids?
33 B. Monolayer Fatty Acids Cholesterol How blood can transport Fats in bulk! Water
34 C. Bilayer Water or other hydrophilic substances Fats (hydrophobic) Water or other hydrophilic substances
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36 Do Now What is the cell membrane made of? What is the purpose of the cell membrane? What does it mean to be selective?
37 Objectives SWBAT define phospholipid bilayer and be able to draw the bilayer. SWBAT explain how different types of substances cross the membrane.
38 III. Selective Permeability A. Controls the movement of substances into and out of cell B. Controls AMOUNT of substances entering and leave the cell
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40 The bilayer makes up the plasma membrane that surrounds the cell! Which of the 4 organic molecules do you see in the plasma membrane?
41 IV. Parts of the cell membrane A. Cholesterol Prevents fatty acid tails from sticking together
42 B. Carbohydrates Identify chemical signals
43 C. Proteins Help move larger and/or charges substances across the cell membrane
44 V. Fluid Mosaic Model A. What the phospholipid bilayer is referred to since it describes the membrane and components of it Mosaic = pattern of molecules on the surface Fluid = ability to flow B. Proteins, carbs, and cholesterol can move around within the membrane Fluid Mosaic Model Animation
45 Conclusion activity
46 Do Now What is diffusion? Provide an example of diffusion.
47 Do Now - Label the different parts. What is the name of the entire structure?
48 Objectives 1. SWBAT identify the types of molecules in the cell membrane. 2. SWBAT identify how molecules cross the membrane. 3. SWBAT model diffusion by moving about the room. Extra Resources - Diffusion Animation 1 Animation 2 Video 1
49 7.4 Celluar Transport I. Diffusion RULE A. Diffusion- 1. Movement of molecules from High concentration to Low Concentration by random motion
50 Diffusion RULE B. Dynamic Equilibrium-continues movement but no NET overall change
51 Initial Conditions Diffusion Low High High Low
52 C. Diffusion is controlled by 1. Temperature 2. Pressure 3. Concentration 4. Size and Charge of molecules
53 Let s Act Out Diffusion
54 Think-Pair-Share You can smell food when molecules from the food enter your nose. A). explain how the molecules get from the food to your nose (use diffusion!) b). Would the smell be stronger or weaker if you stood closer to the food? Explain your answer. c) Why do some warmer foods emit more of a smell than colder foods?
55 Do Now Explain what happens when you put a tea bag in a hot cup of water. Use the word diffusion.
56 Objectives - LAB 1. SWBAT use simple tests for starch and sugar. 2. SWBAT to observe the results of diffusion through a dialysis membrane. 3. SWBAT determine permeability of a nonliving membrane for glucose, iodine, and starch.
57 Objectives 1. SWBAT distinguish between the different types of diffusion including active transport (facilitated diffusion). 2. SWBAT discuss osmosis and the different types of solutions (hypertonic, isotonic, and hypotonic solutions). 3. SWBAT practice osmosis. Extra Resources: Animation 1 Animation 3 Animation 2 Animation 4 Video 1 Video 2
58 II. Passive Transport Movement of particles across the cell membrane without using energy Diffusion of Water
59 A. Diffusion of Water Water can move right through the phospholipids from high to low concentration
60 B. Facilitated Diffusion Movement of materials across the plasma membrane using proteins Channel Proteins Carrier Proteins
61 Transport Proteins 1. Channel Proteins Pores that allow charged ions to pass through the membrane 2. Carrier Proteins Change shape to help molecules pass through the membrane
62 III. Active Transport A. Specific protein can pump molecules across the membrane B. Usually in opposite direction of diffusion (Low concentration to high concentration) C. Requires ENERGY (ATP)
63 D. Sodium Potassium Pump 1. Type of Active Transport 2. Moves three Na+ ions out of the cell and two K+ ions into the cell
64 Sodium Potassium Pump Cont. Sodium = Na+ ion Animation 1 Animation 2 Potassium = K+ ion
65 Do Now 1. The phospholipid sea in which embedded substances float A. Transport proteins 2. A molecule that has gylcerol backbone, two fatty acids, and phosphate B. Phospholipid bilayer 3. Move substances through the plasma membrane 4. Two layers of phospholipids arranged tail-to-tail C. Phospholipids D. Fluid Mosaic Model
66 III. Osmosis A. Water always flows via osmosis from HIGH water concentration to LOW water concentration through a semipermeable membrane.
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69 Osmosis continued B. Water will shift to where there is more solutes (inside or outside of the cell in this example) C. Water moves to reach dynamic equilibrium 22% Salt 5% Salt H2 O H2 O
70 Objectives SWBAT identify isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions. SWBAT answer practice osmosis problems. SWBAT define cytolysis and plasmolysis. Extra Resources: Animation 1 Video 1
71 D. Tonicity Function 1. Isotonic Solution Water and dissolved substances diffuse into and out of the cell at the same rate. Plant Cell Blood Cell 11,397x
72 2. Hypotonic Solution Solute concentration is lower Hypo = hippo! Plant Cell Blood Cell 13,000x
73 3. Hypertonic Solution Solute concentration is higher Plant Cell Blood Cell 13,000x
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75 THINK-PAIR-SHARE 3 Types of Solutions Cell in Solution Cell in Solution H2 O H2 O H2 O H2 O Cell in Solution H2 O H2 O For each solution, determine if the solute concentration of the solution is high, the same, or low as compared the cell.
76 Do Now What is the movement of water called? 22% Salt 35% Salt 18% Salt 45% Salt Where will the water flow?
77 4. What can happen to a cell... a. Plasmolysis: State where cells shrink in hypertonic environment b. Cytolysis: State where cells Burst in hypotonic environment
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79 Do Now For the following examples: A. Which way is the water moving What kind of cell solution (outside)? What is going to happen to the cells? B. 2% Salt 3% Salt C. 12% Salt 9% Salt 28% Salt 18% Salt
80 E. Osmotic Pressure 1. Pressure builds up as water moves in and out via Osmosis 2. In plants called Turger Pressure
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86 Do Now A. How many Na+ are pumped? B. From Where? C. How many K+ are pumped? D. From Where?
87 Do Now What types of transport require transport proteins? Why are transport proteins required for that type of transport?
88 Do Now Starch is impermeable to the membrane. However, salt and water can cross the membrane. What s going to move? Where? Type of solutions surround each cell? 10% Salt 15% Salt 2% Starch 5% Starch 15% Salt 15% Salt
89 Objectives SWBAT differentiate between endocytosis and exocytosis. SWBAT answer multiple choice questions to help them study for their upcoming test. SWBAT create a concept chart of diffusion. Extra Resources: Animation 1 Video 1
90 IV. Transport of Large Molecules Usually Transported by Vesicles A. EndocytosisInto the cell B. ExocytosisExiting the cell
91 C. Type of Endocytosis: 1. Phagocytosis: a. solid particles b. Usually results in a food vacuole
92 Type of Endocytosis: (cont.) 2. Pinocytosis: a. Liquid particles b. Usually results in vesicles
93 Concept Map of Diffusion ***** Smartboard ******
94 Do Now What happens to your fingers after swimming in the ocean too long? Why? What happens to pasta after you cook it? Why?
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