lys - by Ruminants Nutrition Health Line since 1950 Program Program

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1 Line Ruminants Program H The production area is about 30,000 square metres. The production capacity is 120,000 tons of Monoglycerides per year. SILO is the leader in the development and production of glycerides of short and medium chain fatty acids. th: 80% University of Parma - Professor Afro Quarantelli 95% University of Florence - Professor M. Antongiovanni IRTA (Barcelona) Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona - Professor Rafael Codony * ڞ XHOSK 8QLYHUVLW\ &DQDGD 3URIHVVRU 6WHYH /HHVRQ COMPANY WITH QUALITY SYSTEM CERTIFIED BY DNV since 1950 Via di S. Bartolo a Cintoia, Firenze - ITALY T F info@silospa.com ss a p By ed nt te pa - Program Health N Nutrition lys - by

2 COMMON PROBLEMS Low resistance to heating, mixing, grinding and pelletizing are common physical-mechanical problems occurring when we use rumen-bypass lysine. It may happen that an efficient "physicalmechanical" protection does not allow a satisfying biological availability of lysine in the gut. From the point of view of biological availability, a limit can be represented by hydrogenated lipids used to coat and protect lysine. These lipids have a melting point of 60 C and are difficult to be digested. An "ideal" product should combine: high rumen bypass degree high digestibility in the gut mainteinance of high protection degree and rumen bypass value also during production steps like mixing, grinding and pelletizing last but not least.. competitive price SOLUTIONS The coating technology developed by SILO protects lysine in lys-by through a lipid film having high melting temperature (higher than 100 C) and a special ph-sensitive chemical structure. The special lipid structure surrounds each lysine micro-granule contained in the small sphere and protects lysine micro-granules even in case the sphere is mixed with the feed and/or pellettized. The lipid film is ph sensitive At rumen ph the lipid film lys-by remains intact, while it breaks when the ph is lower than 5: so the lysine is made available already in the abomasum. This explains why the lysine contained in lys-by is characterized by high rumen bypass degree: 80%, and high intestinal availability: 95%. SILO R&D lys-by has been developed and tested in scientific collaboration with the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore - Piacenza ("Nylon bags" method) and with the University of Parma (method developed by Cornell University).

3 COMPOSITION L - lysine HCL 30% Lipid matrix (ph sensitive) 70% QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS Ruminal bypass of lysine 80% Intestinal digestibility of lysine 95% Lysine utilized in the gut (gr/kg) 228 (*) UFL/kg 2.58 (*) Nylon Bags method, value related to 8 hours. lys-by is composed of free-flowing micro-granules and is easily mixable with the other ingredients of the feed. lys-by, due to its particular chemical structure, is resistant to mixing, grinding and pelletizing. lys-by combines high rumen bypass value with high bio-availability of lysine in the gut.

4 NYLON-BAGS METHOD A reliable method to determine the rumen-bypass degree and the digestibility of protected lysine in the gut The NYLON BAGS method involves suspending nylon bags each containing a known weight of sample, on nylon string in different districts of digestive tract (rumen, abomasum, small intestine) of cows fitted with appropriate rumen cannulae. Bags are removed at known intervals and the analysis of the content allows to determine degradation of compounds in the rumen, digestion of the feed and absorption of the nutrients. SILO carried out a large experimental program in scientific collaboration with the University Del Sacro Cuore in Piacenza with fistulated cows in order to optimize the rumen bypass degree and the digestibility of lys-by.

5 DETERMINATION OF THE RUMEN BYPASS DEGREE lys-by was put into nylon bags, placed through fistulas in the rumen and removed at intervals of 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24 hours. Time and degree of lysine degradation in the rumen was evaluated. After 8 hours the bypass degree of lysine resulted to be equal to 80%. Results are shown in the figure here below. Percentage of lysine released from lys-by in the rumen. Trial carried out with Nylon bag method by the University Del Sacro Cuore in Piacenza % di rilascio Tempo di rilascio (ore) DETERMINATION OF THE DIGESTIBILITY The digestibility of lysine in the gut of fistulated cow was in evaluated with the Nylon-Bags method. Nylon bags with lys-by were placed in the duodenum and were collected after the digestion process was completed, from the faeces of the cow. The digestibility value of the lysine contained in lys-by resulted to be 95%.

6 Electron microscope image of a sectioned sphere of lys-by composed of lysine crystals coated by the lipid matrix; image in back-disseminated electrons. The special lipid structure surrounds each lysine micro-granule contained in the small sphere and protects its even in case the sphere is grinded and / or cut

7 The ph-sensibile lipid film coating lys-by is Europe patent pending

8 Line Ruminants Program H The production area is about 30,000 square metres. The production capacity is 120,000 tons of Monoglycerides per year. SILO is the leader in the development and production of glycerides of short and medium chain fatty acids. th: 80% University of Parma - Professor Afro Quarantelli 95% University of Florence - Professor M. Antongiovanni IRTA (Barcelona) Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona - Professor Rafael Codony * ڞ XHOSK 8QLYHUVLW\ &DQDGD 3URIHVVRU 6WHYH /HHVRQ COMPANY WITH QUALITY SYSTEM CERTIFIED BY DNV since 1950 Via di S. Bartolo a Cintoia, Firenze - ITALY T F info@silospa.com ss a p By ed nt te pa - Program Health N Nutrition lys - by