.1meurus. Fatty acid composition of Acipenser baeri. cultivated in Tokyo. By Yaichiro Shimma and Hisako Shimma

Transcription

1 ;,.1meurus FISHERIES RESEARCH BOARD OF CANADA Translation Series No Fatty acid composition of Acipenser baeri. cultivated in Tokyo. By Yaichiro Shimma and Hisako Shimma - Original. title: Aji-nikii. de:..shiiku no shibosan.. From: Tansui-Ku SuisannkYu+Sho Kenkyu Hokoku: -. (Bulletin of FreShwatr Fisheries Research: Laboratory), 18 :2) : : , Translated by the Translation Bureau(KS) Foreign Languages Divi sjop' Department of the Secretary of Srtate of Canad a 1. r Fisheries Research Board'of Canada Halifax Laboratory Halifax, N.S pages typescript

2 1 / 3-3 DEPARTMENT OF THE SECRETARY OF.STATE TRANSLATION BUREAU SECRÉTARIAT D'ÉTAT BUREAU DES TRADUCTIONS' FOREIGN LANGUAGES oe, DIVISION DES LANGUES DIVISION CANADA ÉTRANGÈRES TRANSLATED FROM TRADUCTION DE INTO EN Japanese English ' AUTHOR AUTEUR Shimma, Yaichiro and Hisako Shi mma TITLE IN ENGLISH TITRE ANGLAIS Fatty acid composition of Acipenser baeri cultivated in Tokyo Title in foreign..lansuage (transliterate forelien Ghasters Aji-niku de shiiku shita chozame no shibosan sosei R.EF5RENCE IN FOREIGN ANGUAGE (NAME OF BOOK OR PUBLICATION) IN FULL. TRANSLITERATE FOREIGN CHARACTERS.. REFERENCE-EN LANGUE ETRANGÉRE (NOM DU LIVRE OU PUBLICATION), AU COMPLET. TRANSCRIRE EN CARACTÉRES PHONÉTIQUES. Bulletin of Freshwater Fisheries Research Laboratory, Vo1018 No. 2, Tansui-Ku Suisan Knkyu-Sho Kenkyu Hokoku, Nov REFERENCE IN ENGLISH RÉFÉRENCE EN ANGLAIS PUBLISH ER EDITEUR PLACE OF PUBLICATION LIEU DE PUBLICATION YEAR ANNÉE DATE OF PUBLICATION DATE DE PUBLICATION VOLUME ISSUE,NO. NUMERO 2 PAGE NUMBERS IN ORIGINAL NUMÉROS DES PAGES DANS L'ORIGINAL NUMBER OF TYPED PAGES NOMBRE DE PAGES DACTYLOGRAPHIÉES 13 REQUEFING DEPARTMENT MIN ISTERE-CLIENT Fisheries TRANSLATION BUREAU NO. NOTRE DOSSIER NO BRANCH OR DIVISION DIRECTION OU DIVISION PERSON irk EQUESTING. DEMANDE PAR Halifax Laboratory Dr. R.G. Ackman Halifax N. S. TRANSLATOR (INITIALS) TRADUCTEUR (INITIALES) K.S. DATE COMPLETED OCT ACHEVÉ LE. YOUR NUMBER VOT RE DOSSIER N DATE OF REQUEST DATE DE LA DEMANDE UN ELMTED DRg,5T TFIAN311MON (..7'rOy or informartion TilADUCTV.DN NON RUViSÉTe in1ormei1ion souk:ant:nit FLD 69A sos zoo-io-i3 (REv. 2/88)

3 DEPARTMENT.OF THE SECRETARY DF,STATE. TRANSLATION BUREAU FOREIGN LANGUAGES DIVISION SECRgTAR1A D'éTAT BUREAU DES TRADUCTIONS DIVISION DES LANGUES ÉTRANGÈRES CANADA YOUR NO. DEPARTMENT DIVISION/BRANCH CITY VOTRE N humeri/et DIVISION/DIRECTION VILLE Fisheries Halifax Laboratory Halifax, N.S., OUR NO. LANOUABE TRANSLATOR (INITIALS) DATE NOTRE N LAN TRADUCTEUR (INITIALES) 2883 Japanese K.S. OCT , ' Fatty acid composition of chozame (Acipenser baeri)cultivated 1) with the flesh of aji(decapterus lajane) By Yaichiro Shimma and Hisako Shimma 2 A Project of Freshwater Fisheries Research Laboratory No. 239 (Tansui-Ku Suisan Kenkyu-Sho Gyoseki Dai 239 Go) 2) Staff members of the Eastern Sea Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory (Tokai-Ku Suisan Kenkyu-Sho) (Page i, which is attached, to be inserted here.) Test material and method of experiment -,- The fish, which have been used for analyses, are test materials A... D shown in Table 1. Of these,test material C, Acipenser schrencki, and D Huso dauricus came from the Amur River. to In each case they were salted and sent/the Eastern Sea Regional 0 : F' is h eries Research Laboratory (Tokai-Ku Suisan Kenkyu-Sho) in P. 4.: Feb The liver and the testis were removed immediately and Ï1 analyzed. ; o r" - ' t -C;,.4 r- Test materials A and B, Acipenser baeri, were raised at the à I

4 (insert as shown on page 11 past. It is said that chozame came up river in Hokkaid o. in the At ne present time the number is extremely small. The number of fish caught is so small that the haul does not amount to much even if the fish caught in the adjacent seas is included. Thus, even though the flesh is said to be very tasty, it is imposthe sible for /majority of people to relish it. Fry of Chozaffie, which had-been presented by the Soviet Union in have 1964, / been kept in an experimental pond in the Freshwater Fi- sheries Research Laboratory and they have grown to a size exceeding 1 m (Fig. 1). This year two of the specimens were dissected to ascertain the conditions of sexual maturity. The authors took the opportunity to analyze the lipids and to obtain the composition Use of of fatty acids by GLC to make the findings for future cultiva- tion and utilization. Further,,Dr. Muneaki Abe of the Eastern Sea Regional Fishunexpectedly from the Amur River cries Research Laboratory./ obtained specimens of chozame/ which had been preserved in salt, and was good enough to allow the authors the opportunity to analyze the lipids from the liver. In the present paper the results of the analysis are reported. and a comparison is made with the lipids of the fish which had been raised in the present laboratory. (insert as shown on page 1)

5 laboratory. The authors are fairly certain that the conditions of feeding, rearing or of growth will be published in detail in. a separate report.. Thus, it will merely be noted here that the pond, in which they had been raised, was kept at a temperature they were of approximately 14 /\.. 19 C throughout the year and/fed frozen aji. A part of dorsal flesh, ventral flesh, the liver (Fig. 2) and testis was.removed from the two specimens, Which had been raised in the present laboratory and the extraction of lipids made by means of methanol-chloroform (OSTRANDER, 1962). Cholesterol Was measured by producing digitonide by the method of NIEFT et al (1949), washing it once with acetone after precipitating it by means of a centrifuge, and by coloring it with the reagents e'momose(1963), The composition of fatty acids was obpage 181 in the original text tained by GLC after methylating the extracted oil (Shimma et al, 1963a). GLC was carried out under the following conditions. Equipment:. Shimatsu GC-1C type, hydrogen flame ionization straight detector (H 2 35 cc/min., air 0.75 kg/cm 2 ). Column: single/steel tube 35 cm and 3 U-tube 75 cm. Packing agent: Chromosorb W (DMCS, Nishio Industry) 60/\, 80 mesh was used as a carrier with a coating of 5% diethylene glycol succinate polyester (Nishio Industry). Temperature : injecting part 250 0, Column 195' and detector 235. Carrier gas:. nitrogen 1.7 kg/cm 2,.40 cc/min.. - was used as the weight ratio. The peak area ratio Results of experiments and discussion test material. Table 1 shows the lipids and cholesterol contents of each

6 and In comparison to test material A / B, which is larger, in larger true every section a /amount of oil is found. This is particularly/ of the dorsal flesh, liver and testis. It appears as though in these parts the amount of oil increases with growth. Further, the ratios of the weight of the liver against that of the body and of the testis against that of the body are twice as large in B in comparison to those. in A. It appears that in chozame these organs serve an important function as the storage areas for accumulated lipids. In many freshwater fish excess fat is ordinarily stored in the abdominal cavity. However, in the case of test materials A and B, when the stomach was opened, hardly any fat was observed in the abdominal cavity; however, the testis, which became enlarged with fat, was characteristically observed. On the other hand, in the case of the testis of flum from. the Amur River the oil content was 19.7% and 'in the case of test material C, no testis was found. Thus, the question still remains if the testis of chozame in nature will store lipids as in the case of test materials A and B. In comparison to the environment in,nature, the rearing conditions at the Freshwater Research Laboratory should be considered as having higher temperature and nutrition. It may be that these conditions resulted in the accumulation of fat in the testis. Thus, some sense of apprehension is felt if it will be possible to obtain sperms for breeding in future. In the present work no female specimen was obtained. The question of the place of storage of excess fat in the female remains as a matter of great interest.. It is common among many fish that the oil content is markedly

7 higher in ventral flesh in comparison to that in dorsal flesh, and there is nothing unusual in this phenomenon. However, in the case of chozame, the oil content was high in the dorsal flesh, being 7% in test material A and 14% in test material B. Generally, the number of fish, in which the oil contents in the dorsal flesh exceed 10%, is relatively few. Among fresh water fish merely eels and lamprey eels are known. However, among fish of the shark family, there are species in which the oil content in the dorsal flesh is high. For instance, it is 8% in aburatsunozame (Squalus sucklii 16.5% (Girard)), /in ondenzame (Somniosua microcephalus (Schneider)) and 17% in kaeruzame (? ). One of the reasons why the flesh of chozame is said to be tasty appears to be due to its high oil content. The oil content in the liver, being 38% in A and 51% in B, shows an extremely high value. The oil content also showed a high value of 41% in C e the specimen.from the Amur River. It is reported that specimens of Acipenser mikadori, which had been caught in this country contàined 52% of oil (Ueno, 1948: p. 7 )4 8). Thus, it generally appears as though the oil content in the liver of Acipenser shows/.a considerably high value and differs in character markedly from the liver of Huso, test material D. The extracted lipids were dissolved in isopropanol and measurements were made of the absorption in the ultraviolet region (20,35O met). The results are shown in Table 1. of test materials B and C e In the liver and in the liver and in the testis of Huso the maximum absorption is observed at 325 mu or 345m M.,. NO detailed examinations have been made of unsaponifiable'substances and the results are not certain; however, it appears as though some quantity of vitamin A is present. As for the other test mate-

8 rials, within the range of the measurement, they generally showed absorption with low values; thus, it appears as though there is no vitamin A present, or if it is present, the amount is extremely small. The cholesterol contents in 100 g of dorsal and ventral fleshes of chozame, being 100 mg in the dorsal flesh and over 300 Mg in the ventral flesh, are a great,deal higher in comparison to many salt water fish (Shimma et al, 1964b)0 The cholesterol contents in the liver of specimens C and D from the Amur River were 710 mg and 572 mg, respectively. Specimen A, which had been raised in the present laboratory, showed a value somewhat close to these. However, B showed an extremely low value of 190 mg. Generally a high oil value is accompanied by a high cholesterol value, and it is generally believed that the cholesterol value is higher in cultivated fish, which show good growth, than in fish under na- tural environment (Shimma et al, 1964c). Thus, it is difficult to markedly. understand the/low value in the case of test material B. page 183,in the original text a The testis is an organ which contains/high amount of sterol..1n Huso it exceeded lg in 100g and,in test materials A and B e they were 521 mg and 539 mg, respectively. It is known that the value is 558 mg in the testis of cultivated ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis (Temminck et Schlegel)) (Shimma et al, 1964c), and 330,508 mg in nijimasu (Salmo iridcus (Gibbons)) (Shimma et al 1968). It appears that the value for Acipenser is somewhat close to these values.,which was obtained by GLC, Table 2 shows the fatty acid composition/of lipids in each tissue. No appreciable difference is observed in the fatty acid

9 compositions of the dorsal flesh, the ventral flesh and the testis of specimens A and B which have been raised in the present laboratory. The main components are 16:0, 18:1 and 22:6. The sum of these three exceeds 60%. In addition to the above, 14:0, 16:1, 18:0, 20:1, 20:4, 20:5 and 22:5 form the main fatty acids. The fatty acid composition of the liver differs slightly from that of other tissues. 18:1 is extremely high and reaches 44( 54%. Further, Iigher unsaturated acids such as 20:5 and 22:6 are somewhat lower. The existence of a large quantity of 18:1 in a liver oil as in this case is rare. Ordinarily it goes up to about 35% in the case of nijimasu (Salmo iridcus (Gibbons)) or sogyo (?). Such a high value as is observed in chozame has not been known. However, there is a report that in the case of the liver in hamachi (Seriola aul..egueradiata Temminck et Schlegl) the oleic acid content increases with the increase in the lipid content(tanaka, 1966), and that it exceeded 50% (Tsulsahara et al, 1967). In comparison to test material C from the Amur River, test. materials A and B contain markedly less 18:2 and 18:3 and a larger quantity of 22:6. It has been known that the fatty acid composition of the body fat was readily influenced by lipids in the feed while the fatty acid compoàition of the liver was not influenced by the feed. However, in the base of Ruse from the Amur River, in the light of the fact that there is hardly any difference in the fatty acid composition of the liver and of the testis, it appears as though the effects of lipids in the flesh of aji (refer to the lower part of Table 2), which was fed, are apparent in the case of test materials A and B. Can there be a possibility that e in the case of chozame in natural environment, there is no such distinct

10 difference between the fatty acid compositions of the liver and of other parts? In the case of B, which is larger in size than. A, the content of 22:6 is somewhat lower. Thus, it appears that the effects of lipids in the feed show up less as the fish grows and its content increases(toyomizu et al, 1963). Thremmatology According to " /of 'Fresh Water Fish in China(Chu- koku Tansui Gyorui Yoshoku-Gaku)", the natural food of chozame in the A mur River is said to be fish, which are found almost at the bottom of the river, and benthos. In comparison to test ma- terials A and B, the quantities of 18:2 and 1:3 in the lipids of the liver in test.mateiial C is markedly higher. It has been known that these fatty acids in the feed accumulated well in the lipids of the body of the. fish. Can it be that large quantities of these acids are contained in the feed of Acipenser in the Amur River, or that Acipenser takes in vegetable feed in some quan- tity.directly? Furtherpin the case of Huso, the quantities of 20:1 and 22:6 are somewhat higher and those of 18:2 and 18:3 are appears as though. low. Thus, at least so far as this test material is concerned, it/ its feeding habits are different from those of Acipenser. *Summary Examinations were made of the lipid and cholesterol contents. and the fatty acid composition of dorsal and ventral flesh, liver and the testis of two specimens of chozam2 which had been raised in the Freshwater Research Laboratory. Further, comparisons were made with the results of the analyses of the lipids.in the liver of chozame from the Amur River. The oil content of the dorsal flesh, the liver and the testis of the cultivated chozame was high and in a body 1 m in length they were 14%, 51% and 76%, respectively.

11 8 The fatty acid composition of parts other than the liver were somewhat similar; as the result of the effects of lipids in the flesh of aji, which had been used as feed, large amounts of 20:5 and 22:6 were found..the fatty acid composition of the liver differed from that of other parts. The proportion of A:1 was as high as %. The authors wish to express their deep appreciation to Drs. Muneaki Abe and Takeichiro Kafuku, who supplied the authors with valuable test materials and advice in the present investigations, and to the members of the Cultivation Division (Yoshoku-Bu) of the Freshwater Fisheries Research Laboratory and to Miss Hidemi Ishida who assisted the authorà with experiments.. (English summary in original) Fatty acid composition of Acipenser baed cultivated in Tokyo Yaichiro SHIMMA and Hisako SIIIMMA Acipenser (well Brandt donated by the former Premier of U.S.S.R. have been cultivated since IÇIG l in the Freshwater Fisheries Research Laboratory, Ilino, Tokyo. Two of the fish were sacrificed for lipid analysis this year. Lipids were extracted with 2:1 chloroform : methanol from the dorsal and ventral muscle, liver, and mut. Contents of total lipids and cholesterol are shown in Table 1. Fatty acid composition of the extracted lipids was determined by GLC (Table 2). Compared with the rk'sults of Acipenser shrencki and HUSO dauricus cauglit in the Amur River, Acipenser baeri had high contents of total lipids in dorsal flesh, liver and milt, and high percentages of oleic acid in liver lipids. High contents of highly unsaturated fatty acids in fi-ozen marine fish Decapterus lajang used for feed K.semed to affect the fatty acid composition of the cultivated fish. I.

12 Q References qiii4e*etetnmeeeeneem, gietx 1966: (1), PP. 78, efti:scihkillfi, MomosE, T., Y. UEDA, K. YAMASI0TO, T. MASUMURO and K. OHTA, 1963: DeterminatiOn of total cholesterol in blood serum with perchloric acid-phosphoric acid-ferric chroride reagent. Anal. Chem. 35, NIERT, M. L. and H. J. DEUEL, 1949: Studies on Cholesterol esterases, I.-Enzyme systems in rat tissues. ). B. C. 177, OsTRANDER, J. and L. R. DuGAN, 1962: Sonie differences in composition of 'covering fat, intermuscular fat, and intramuscular fat of meat animals. J.A.O.C.S. 39, IIIM-05 Ill nfliff-, 1964a : 9 giodromm. MilliAir. --DI,,-(. Flea: 30, »i 11U e PIS elpfer-, 1964b : ;((-{IfitY 4-10) v IlehMtelc ot -0 0 n*n; 30, ernixj -, ps ilineif=f-, 1964c : FI/EilLi 30, Ifill1PA;-91S JIJ{J, 1968 lef4143'ini I=1:4,:me- -i(e*eeedefeje I-Jr..jil, 1966: YA, e p vrego&-t -i*mt ( o "AA (af9t 1, !"..7.K Zie)Illifeti-ti WetikiÉ, 1963 F-171(a. 29, r.eiter- iti)lig eileze, 1967 Mtili :etetige. Will* eillima),,, -1-Yr-e/g-leYfic--)4,-"Cc. Viiit1K , befaik IN I 846e, ***,

13 Edited by the Committee for Synthesis of Experience in Fresh Water Fish Culture in China, translated by Shu Tatsu Sei, 1966:. Thremmatology of Fresh Water Fish in China (1), pp. 78, New Scientific Literature Publication Association, Yonago-Shi Chu-Koku Tansui Yogyo Keiken Soketsu lin-kai Hen, Shu Tatsu Sei yaku 1966: Chu-Koku Tansui Gyorui Yoshoku-Gaku (Jo), pp.78, Shin Kagaku Bunken Kanko Kai, Yonago-Shi. Shimma, Yaichiro and Hisako Taguchi, 1964a: On fatty acid composition of 9 species of shell-fish. JournalSbf bhe Jàpauese Fisheries Society, 30, 153." shu no kai no Shibo-san soshiki ni tsuite, Nissui-Shi 30, 153 r Shimma',Yajchiro and Hisako Taguchi, 1964b: Cholesterol content and fatty acid composition in dorsal flesh of fish. Journal of the Japanese Fisheries Society 30, 179.-N-188. Gyorui seniku(?) chu no koresuteroru-ryo to shibo-san sosei ni tsuite, Nissui-Shi 30, 179, Shimma, Yaichiro and Hisako Taguchi, 1964c: On fatty acid comp -. (Plecoglossus altiveij, (Temminck et 5ich1emp1) sition in natural and cultivated ayu / Journal of the Japanese Fisheries Society 30, 925. Tennen oyobi yoshoku ayu no shibo-san sosei nj tsuite. Nissul- Shi 30, Shimma, Yaichiro and Hisako Shimma, 1968: Published at the meeting of the Marine Products Division during the 1968 General Meeting of the Agricultural Society of Japan. Showa 43-non do Nihon Nogaku Taikai Suisan-Bu kenkyu happy. Tanaka, Jiro, 1966: On the effects of administering glucuronic acid to hamachi (Seriola quinqueradiata Temminck). Research

14 of disease in fish 1, 15 en, 22. Pamachi ni taisuru gurukuron-san no toyo koka ni tsuite. byo kenkyu 1, 115,%-.22. Toyomizu, Masamichi, Kenji Kawasaki and Yukuo Tomiyasu, 19o3: 7U!-. fects of oil in feed on fatty acid composition of jimasu (Salmo iridcus (Gibbons)). sheries Society 2 9, ' oyobou Tsukahar., 'r, kawa ald A 'I 1 oil of ni- of feed for cultivated fish; 'îf - ort 'c.!ri,? -- ( rtc oe additive oil on ha!nachi port of inland sea fisheriel research Yogyo nhiryo ne kenkyu Dmi Te7rinch). Fe- no lui.iachi n; oyo- bosu eikyo ni tsuite. Hai Ki Sui Ken Ho 24, ;:9 5C. Ueno, Seiichi, 1943: 011 and fat chemistry al.d cil tnd fat theories, Main Volume I. 845 pages, Tokyo, Maru-en Publishirc. Yu-Shi kagaku oyobi yu-ehi kaku ron Maruzen :?huppan. Gy-7. T. 845 page, Tokyo,

15 : e * $ (.1968) Table 1. Lipid and Choresterol Contents ' Extracted lipids Cholesterol cont. Sample fish Tissue Weight TW/BW g 96 Yield Max. absorbance mg/g mg/100g f ; of oil of tissue.. En)..... A. Acipencer Flesh, dorsal Tr, 82 cm ---, ventral W 2.45 kg, Feb., ) Liver 34.5 ' (2.78 at 325 nip) Tokyo Milt B Flesh, dorsal (0.41 at 325 mp) TL 101 cm ventral 76 (0.24 at 325 rnp) BW 6. 3 kg May 27, 1968 Liver at 333 In / Tokyo Milt (O. 19 at 325 inp) C Liver at 325 mp Fall, 1966 Amur River D. Huso. Liver at 345 'up Fall, 1966 Milt at 345n ,190 Arnur River 1) Catching date and place. 2) In case figure is shown in parentheses no peak is observed in a re.gion from nip.,_,, gee;f5 e"1 5.4teggleVI;g7Fe7ere 4,1; j, 4(nt '..".`1,,t4et eo. Sample A Fig. 1. Acipenser barei Brandt cultivated in Tokyo, en-xte" Fig. 2. Liver of Sample A (surface vizw)

16 fte Es: Table 2. Fatty Acid Compcsitien 14 : 0 SanTP I2 Tissu: ard 15 : 0 16 : 0 :1 17 : 0 :1 18 : 0 :1 :2 :3 :4 20 : 1 :4. :4? :5 fish 22 : 4 :5 :6 24 : 1 :1 ' A. Flesh, &rut , vz.ntuit , Liver Tr Milt B. FIcsh, dorszl , , v...ntre « Liver Milt , C. Liv:r I). Livtr (8961) R 81 Milt i " Dccaplcrus lajang Edibl- pcntilon Tr _. re.,... '','",.-. f-..t P' _,,,,..... s - 7--C:. _,,... :.>. r , -...*""1 Cy; ''. ''.1..?: e.-..., : v. i-r 'i,"7 5-4: 7.:`, LEi. e" ,, 5, ""."' , I.: -- fl '-, , r' ='-,. ;...=,` `: rr - --:-. ' --. \ - «r,1=,..z.-` =--.- 5: 4 * r «.',1 C' '-i ;«.'-> : ii - ':', ««''' : «;:4....,....* CC «7- '-.r:,-- ;---:..: r..>. 15' 7+3 =- rs,,, - Y.-_, =_,,s S-- _"' e -, r_s.,,,,,..r- s.,.:.... co KD, -.a E 9