Production of Valuable Organic Acids from Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Wastes. Cesar Granda, Ph.D. Earth Energy Renewables, LLC
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1 Production of Valuable Organic Acids from Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Wastes Cesar Granda, Ph.D. Earth Energy Renewables, LLC World Congress on Industrial Biotechnology and Bioprocessing Philadelphia, PA May 14 th,
2 Disclaimer THIS IS NOT A SOLICITATION OR OFFER TO SELL SECURITIES. THIS PRESENTATION CONTAINS ESTIMATES, FORECASTS, AND PREDICTIONS OF ANTICIPATED FUTURE PERFORMANCE THAT ARE FORWARD LOOKING. NO ASSURANCE CAN BE GIVEN AS TO THEIR ACCURACY. NO INVESTMENT DECISION SHOULD BE BASED UPON THIS PRESENTATION. May 14 th,
3 Earth Energy Renewables Demonstrated success creating high-margin green alternatives to petroleum-derived fuels and chemicals Feedstock flexible State-of-the-art laboratory, pilot and 100,000 GPY Demo Plant Fuels and Chemicals 3
4 Company History University Research Lab La Pilot Demo DARPA b 2012 Pilo t Earth Energy Renewables LLC Texas A&M MixAlco Process Prof. Mark Holtzapple 1995 to 2007 Terrabon, Inc. Fermentation Tests Bench-scale 2 10 L Terrabon/Texas A&M Fermentation 4000 gal Terrabon, Inc. Demostration Scale plant 100,000 GPY Bryan, TX Over $70 Million Invested Terrabon Inc. Jet fuel Demo Plant under DARPA contract 2011 Earth Energy acquires all assets, Demo plant & IP Nov 12. Technical staff, engineers, scientists, operators 4
5 Demonstration Plant 6150 Mumford Rd., Bryan, TX Field Scale Demonstration-Scale operation of process Indoor & outdoor operations Extensive laboratory capabilities 5
6 Demonstration Plant 6
7 Feedstock Flexible = Globally Replicable Alfalfa Food wastes White office paper Paper-mill fines Sugarcane bagasse Pineapple waste Glycerol Raw Glycerin Corn Stover Rice Straw Cotton gin trash Water hyacinth Switchgrass MSW-Wet organics Over 30 feedstock tested Poplar Wood Sugarcane molasses Sorghum stalks Municipal sewage sludge Cellulosic municipal solid waste Bio-sludge (from chemical plant WWTP) Chicken manure Cattle manure Sugar beet pulp Lipid-extracted micro-algae Whole micro-algae Pulp-mill molasses (aka wood molasses) Orange peels Oil Palm empty fruit bunch 7
8 Anaerobic digestion Promote carboxylic acids Acetic, propionic, butyric, etc. From C2 to C8 a.k.a short- and medium-chain fatty acids by inhibiting methanogenesis Biomass Hydrolysis Acidogenesis Acetogenesis Methanogenesis Cellulose, hemicellulose, starch, proteins, fats Free sugars, amino acids, long-chain fatty acids, glycerol Medium-chain fatty acids, NH 3, CO 2, H 2 S Acetic acid, CO 2, H 2 CH 4, CO 2 8
9 Typical Acid Spectrum out of our AD C2 C8 Carboxylic Acids C2 Acetic C3 Propionic ic4 Iso-butyric C4 Butyric ic5 Iso-valeric C5 Pentanoic (Valeric) C6 Hexanoic (Caproic) C7 Heptanoic (Enanthic) C8 Octanoic (Caprylic) The final product acid spectrum can be controlled by modifying operating conditions. C2 and C3 can be minimized by recycling to continue elongation 9
10 Typical Acid Spectrum out of our AD C2 C8 Carboxylic Acids C2 Acetic C3 Propionic ic4 Iso-butyric C4 Butyric ic5 Iso-valeric C5 Pentanoic (Valeric) C6 Hexanoic (Caproic) C7 Heptanoic (Enanthic) C8 Octanoic (Caprylic) The final product acid spectrum can be controlled by modifying operating conditions. C2 and C3 can be minimized by recycling to continue elongation 10
11 Methane-inhibited Anaerobic digestion: Carboxylate Platform Excess Potable Water Biomass Water Anaerobic Digestion Clarification Water Management Acidification/ Extraction Distillation Undigested Residue Concentrated Carboxylic Acid Salts Carboxylic Acids Purified Carboxylic Acids Recycle of short-chain fatty acids for elongation Proprietary/Patented Technology Conventional Technology 11
12 Advantage of Earth Energy Renewables AD process Thermodynamically favored Non-sterile process Only natural cultures; no GMOs No extraneous enzymes Ultra-feedstock agnostic (cellulose, hemicellulose, proteins, fats, pectin, chitin, etc) High yields, theoretical > 130 gal EthOH equivalent/ton (>87 gge/ton) 12
13 Advantages of Earth Energy Renewables Extraction Process Simple, efficient and effective. No extraneous extractant Produces very pure acids without complex and expensive purification techniques Nitrogen, sulfur and metals content (catalyst poisons) in acids is very low. 13
14 Product Pathways Carboxylic acids Chemical Building Blocks Biological Conversion Chemical Conversion Di-ketone Alcohols Diols Dienes Ketones Secondary Alcohols Olefins Gasoline/jet Fuel/Diesel Biomass Carboxylic Acid Salts Butyric Acid Valeric Acid Caproic Acid Esters Primary Alcohols 2 nd Biological Conversion Long-Chain Fatty Acids And Lipids Fatty Esters Chemical Conversion Fatty Alcohols Jet fuel/ Diesel Omega-3 Fatty Acids 14
15 Carboxylic Acids Large Established Markets C2 Acetic Acid Vinyl Acetate Monomer Acetic Anhydride Acetate Esters Process Solvent for Terephthalic Acid (TPA) Manufacture Other C3 Propionic Acid Animal Feed Grain Preservative Food Preservative Herbicide Pharmaceuticals C4 Butyric Acid Cellulose Acetate Butyrate Propionate (CAB/CAP) Flavor & Fragance Molding Resin Sheet Resin Rheology Modification Coatings (Automotive) C5 Valeric Acid Neopolyolesters (NPE) Ester Based Synthetic Lubricants C6 Caproic Acid C7 Heptanoic Acid C8 Caprylic Acid Polyethylene/Propylene Glycol (PEG/PG) Esters Emulsifiers Thickeners Resin Plasticizers Viscosity Control Wetting Agent Emolients 15
16 Derivatives Applications and Markets 16
17 Common Scale-up Strategy Not profitable until large biofuel facility is built ~500 ton/day Feed 280 ton/day Feed CAPEX Not profitable, with high burn-rate 5-30 tons/day Feed 2 kg/day Feed 8 tons/day Feed Pilot Plant Plant Feed Capacity on a dry basis Biofuels Demonstration Plant Biofuel Commercial Plant 17
18 Profitable at Each Stage of Engineering Scale-up Except for pilot plant, all cases have a positive return with < 5 year payback $4.50/gal * With RINs 1000 ton/day Feed CAPEX $10 - $30/gal C3 Propionic C4 Butyric C5 Valeric C6 Caproic $6 - $15/gal Propionate Butyrate Valerate Caproate 30 tons/day Feed 50 ton/day Feed $4 - $9/gal Propanol Butanol Pentanol Hexanol 90 ton/day Feed 280 ton/day Feed 2 kg/day Feed 8 tons/day Feed Pilot Plant Acids (food-grade) Plant Feed Capacity on a dry basis Acids Esters Primary Alcohols Hydrocarbon Fuels Hydrocarbon Fuels Nth Plant 18
19 Summary of Improvements Improvements for acid production Elongation of short-chain fatty acids to mediumchain fatty acids Direct conversion of carboxylic salts to acids Liquid/Liquid Extraction of acids Results Elimination of solids handling/improves throughput Mechanical reliability Reduction of de-watering Lower CAPEX High-purity product 19
20 Technical Milestones Begin operation of pilot plant to generate kg quantities of product to send out to potential off-takers(within 2 months) Engineering of 8 dry ton/day facility (Q4 2014) Construction of 8 dry ton/day facility (Q2 2015) 20
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