Parts (organelles) of the Cell

Transcription

1 Lesson 07 Cell Organelles.notebook Parts (organelles) of the Cell Parts that provide structure and support Cell Membrane 1) Is a barrier for the cell. It controls what goes in and out of the cell. 2) It is made of a double layer of phospholipids 3)It contains proteins and carbohydrates embedded in the layer. Cytoplasm The liquid _inside the cell which suspends the organelles Cytoskeleton Acts like the skeleton of the cell Made up of microtubules and microfilaments Cetrioles (Animals Only) Contains bundles of microtubules mitosis ) Important during cell division ( Cell Wall (Plants Only) Protects cell from rupturing and supports plant cells Composed of cellulose and has pores to allow exchange of materials and communication with other cells

2 Organelles That Control Nucleus Acts like the control centre, or brain of the cell Surrounded by a nuclear membrane which has numerous pores Contains the DNA that controls the activities of the cell Nucleolus Contained inside the nucleus Ribosomes are assembled here Organelles That Transport Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Acts like the transport system for the cell Formed by inward denting of the cell membrance Roles: 1. Operates as transport system. Chemicals can move quickly along ER channels from _one location to another 2. Provides a site for ribosomes to attach Two Types: 1. Rough ER: covered in ribosomes 2. Smooth ER: has no ribosomes Organelles That Synthesize and Package Ribosomes This is where very important protein molecules are made. They are found in two places 1. Attached to the membranes of other organelles ( RER ) the proteins synthesized here will usually be released by the cell 2. Float free in the cytoplasm the proteins synthesize here will be used by the cell Golgi Apparatus Prepares, or packages, _proteins for secretion after they are released from the ER Looks very similar to the ER can be told apart because they are located further from the nucleus Certain proteins are surrounded by pieces of membrane that pinch off from the GA and form vesicles Vesicles carry proteins to the cell membrane, fuse with it, and then let the contents out of the cell.

3 Organelles That Digest and Store Vacuoles Acts like the digestive and excretory systems for the cell Are found in many cells, but are prominent in plant cells Some store food particles that entered into the cell through the cell membrane Digestive enzymes can enter the vacuole and break down food Waste materials and excess water accumulate in some vacuoles for eventual expulsion from the cell Vacuoles form by pinching off from the cell membrane or the ER Lysosomes Act like the digestive and immune system for the cell The enzymes they contain are able to digest food particles brought into the cell Destroy harmful chemicals and materials that gain access to the cell and cytoplasm Often called suicide sacs because they break down food and release digestive enzymes into the cytoplasm when the cell is old and begins to malfunction, therefore they can break down an entire cell Organelles That Provide Energy Mitochondria The power house of the cell They make energy for the cell using the food we eat Chloroplasts ( PLANTS only) Makes energy for the plant by using energy from the sun. A chemical called chloroplasts within the chloroplast traps the energy of sunlight and uses it to make energy rich glucose in a process called photosynthesis

4 Lesson 07 Cell Organelles.notebook

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6 Word Bank Page 1 barrier suspends skeleton microtubules supports cellulose double mitosis microtubules proteins phospholipids digestive digestive energy food plants sun food chlorophyll glucose excretory plant cells pinching off Page 3 immune system cell cytoplasm suicide sacs enzymes Page 2 brain nuclear membrane cytoplasm transport system proteins out vesicles further covered in ribosomes no ribosomes one location another RER