How we see cells Hooke saw cork cells (plant cell) underneath a microscope and described them as cells

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1 Biology

2 How we see cells Hooke saw cork cells (plant cell) underneath a microscope and described them as cells

a microscope that uses a beam of accelerated electrons as a source of illumination Because the wavelength of an electron can be up to 100,000 times shorter

4 a microscope that uses a beam of accelerated electrons as a source of illumination Because the wavelength of an electron can be up to 100,000 times shorter than that of visible light photons the electron microscope has a higher resolving power than a Light Microscope and can reveal the structure of smaller objects

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a type of electron microscope that produces images of a sample by scanning it with a focused beam of electrons.

6 A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a type of electron microscope that produces images of a sample by scanning it with a focused beam of electrons. The electrons interact with atoms in the sample, producing various signals that contain information about the sample's surface topography and composition.

14 A fluorescence microscope uses fluorescence and phosphorescence instead of, or in addition to, reflection and absorption to study properties of organic or inorganic substances

21 Create a venn diagram or Triple T Chart comparing and contrasting prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Create a venn diagram or Triple T Chart comparing and contrasting plant and fungi (cellular and organism level)

22 1. All living things are made up of cells 2. Cells are the basic unit of life in structure and function (they carry out life processes) 3. ALL cells come from preexisting cells

23 Robert Hooke Hans and Zacharias Janssen Anton van Leeuwenhoek Matthias Schleiden Theodor Schwann Rudolph Virchow

24 Hans and Zacharias Janssen Dutch lens grinders father and son produced first compound microscope (2 lenses) Robert Hooke (1665) English scientist looked at a thin slice of cork (oak cork) through a compound microscope observed tiny, hollow, roomlike structures called these structures 'cells' because they reminded him of the rooms that monks lived in only saw the outer walls (cell walls) because cork cells are not alive

25 Anton van Leeuwenhoek (around the same time as Hooke 1680?) Dutch fabric merchant and amateur scientist looked at blood, rainwater, scrapings from teeth through a simple microscope (1 lens) observed living cells; called some 'animalcules' some of the small 'animalcules' are now called bacteria Matthias Schleiden (1838) German botanist viewed plant parts under a microscope discovered that plant parts are made of cells Theodor Schwann (1839) German zoologist viewed animal parts under a microscope discovered that animal parts are made of cells Rudolph Virchow (1855) German physician stated that all living cells come only from other living cells

28 Made of phospholipids The cell membrane is flexible and allows a unicellular organism to move FUNCTIONS Protective barrier Regulate transport in & out of cell (selectively permeable Allow cell recognition Provide anchoring sites for filaments of cytoskeleton

29 Balanced internal condition of cells Maintained by plasma membrane controlling what enters & leaves the cell Selectively Permeable Only allows certain molecules in or out of the cell

31 Phospholipids, cholesterol and proteins make up the cell membrane and make it fluid Carbohydrates attach to proteins as markers

32 FLUID- because individual phospholipids and proteins can move around freely within the layer, like it s a liquid. MOSAIC- because of the pattern produced by the scattered protein molecules when the membrane is viewed from above.

33 Make up the plasma/cell membrane contain 2 fatty acid chains that are NON-POLAR Hydrophobic Water fearing Phosphate head is POLAR Hydrophilic Water Loving

35 The cell membrane is made of 2 layers of phospholipids called the lipid bilayer Hydrophobic molecules pass easily Hydrophilic DO NOT

36 Materials that are soluble in lipids (also hydrophobic) can pass through the cell membrane easily Small non-charged molecules move through easily. Examples: O2, and CO2

37 Do not move through the membrane on their own. Ions atom or molecule with a net charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons large molecules glucose and amino acids They must use transport proteins

38 Type of transport across the membrane Requires NO energy Molecules move from area of HIGH to LOW concentration

39 Diffusion is a PASSIVE process which means no energy is used to make the molecules move.

40 Solute moves DOWN concentration gradient (HIGH to LOW)

41 Diffusion of water molecules across a membrane Moves from HIGH Concentration to a LOW concentration

42 Eutrophication: Water pollution from nitrogen and phosphorus rich substances flowing into waterways causing algae growth

Notes Chapter 7 Cell Structure and Function Hooke looked at cork under a simple microscope and found tiny chambers he named cells.

Notes Chapter 7 Cell Structure and Function 7.1 Cell discovery and Theory 1665 Hooke looked at cork under a simple microscope and found tiny chambers he named cells. Cells are the basic structural and