FAO s Avian Influenza Surveillance. EMPRES Animal Health Service Animal ProducBon and Health Division

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1 FAO s Avian Influenza Surveillance EMPRES Animal Health Service Animal ProducBon and Health Division 10 th Joint Permanent Commi0ee mee1ng of the Mediterranean Animal Health Network (REMESA) Heraklion, Greece March, 2015

2 Global context since November 2014 HPAI H5 events increased in numbers and geographical extent H5 viruses re- assortants (N1, N2, N6, N8) Endemic countries reported more outbreaks Previously unaffected countries detected HPAI H5 viruses in poultry and wild birds Geographical DistribuBon of H5Nx viruses 1 November March th Joint Permanent Commi0ee mee1ng of the Mediterranean Animal Health Network (REMESA) Heraklion, Greece March,

3 H7N9 distribu1on (638 confirmed human cases; 229 deaths) 10 th Joint Permanent Commi0ee mee1ng of the Mediterranean Animal Health Network (REMESA) Heraklion, Greece March, 2015

4 Global distribu1on of Avian Influenza viruses 10 th Joint Permanent Commi0ee mee1ng of the Mediterranean Animal Health Network (REMESA) Heraklion, Greece March, 2015

5 Avian Influenza surveillance Combining different AI surveillance acbvibes Early detecbon of any AI virus of concern (LPAI, HPAI, zoonobc or not, endemic or not ) Assessing the circulabon of AI virus in nabonal poultry value chains IdenBfying geographic areas where new AI viruses may emerge or evolve Most targeted AI includes: H5N1,H5N8, H5N6, H7N9, H9N2 10 th Joint Permanent Commi0ee mee1ng of the Mediterranean Animal Health Network (REMESA) Heraklion, Greece March,

6 AI surveillance - scenarios Prevalence survey Outbreak invesbgabon Risk- based surveillance 10 th Joint Permanent Commi0ee mee1ng of the Mediterranean Animal Health Network (REMESA) Heraklion, Greece March, 2015

7 Prevalence survey To understand AI virus circulabon in a country: virus diversity, geographic extent and producbon systems affected Can serve as baseline to be^er plan and interpret results from future surveillance acbvibes But: resource demanding (human as well as financial) for the large sample sizes required - > using serology may lower costs in the laboratory but will not generate virus isolates for further characterizabon 10 th Joint Permanent Commi0ee mee1ng of the Mediterranean Animal Health Network (REMESA) Heraklion, Greece March,

8 Outbreak inves1ga1on InvesBgaBon of poultry mortality (HPAI viruses) or producbon drops (LPAI viruses) InvesBgaBon of human cases InvesBgaBon of wild bird die- offs Ø Depends on good repor1ng and early warning systems (farmer compliancy, public awareness, ) Ø For zoonobc viruses: good public health animal health collabora1on 10 th Joint Permanent Commi0ee mee1ng of the Mediterranean Animal Health Network (REMESA) Heraklion, Greece March,

9 Important for early detecbon Risk- based surveillance important to assess the most likely points of introducbon using risk analysis Target different species: chickens, ducks, turkeys, quail, pigeons or other Target diverse sampling sites: live bird markets, farms, backyards & poultry gathering points with Value chain connected (including imports) 10 th Joint Permanent Commi0ee mee1ng of the Mediterranean Animal Health Network (REMESA) Heraklion, Greece March,

10 Avian Influenza Surveillance 10 th Joint Permanent Commi0ee mee1ng of the Mediterranean Animal Health Network (REMESA) Heraklion, Greece March, 2015

11 Avian influenza virus A(H5N1) in birds - REMESA AI (H5N1) endemic in Egypt DetecBon of AI (H5N1) in Libya (2014/2015), Israel (2015), West Bank and Gaza (2015) The A(H5N1) virus subclade in Israel, PalesBne and Gaza is the same as in Egypt (clade ) AI (H5N1) detected in Bulgaria (clade c) and Nigeria 10 th Joint Permanent Commi0ee mee1ng of the Mediterranean Animal Health Network (REMESA) Heraklion, Greece March,

12 Recent context since November 2014 The number of HPAI H5N1 outbreaks in poultry and human cases increased drasbcally More governorates are affected Both Upper and Lower Egypt are affected Most of the recent human cases were reported in Upper Egypt Geographical Distribu1on 1 December February th Joint Permanent Commi0ee mee1ng of the Mediterranean Animal Health Network (REMESA) Heraklion, Greece March,

13 Public health context WHO reported 718 human cases worldwide as of 26 January 2015 (CFR 58%) Egypt is the country reporbng most human cases worldwide (37% of all cases) Almost all human cases invesbgated recently in Egypt had a history of exposure to poultry WHO risk assessment: human infecbons remain rare and no sustainable human- to- human transmission has been reported to date: the risk of community- level spread of these viruses remains low. 10 th Joint Permanent Commi0ee mee1ng of the Mediterranean Animal Health Network (REMESA) Heraklion, Greece March,

14 Conclusion HPAI H5 events increased in numbers and geographical extent Surveillance should target different poultry species, different subtypes, at different locabons connected to value chains There is conbnuous increase of virus circulabon in poultry in Egypt with sporadic spillover to people There is a conbnuous risk of the virus being introduced into neighbouring countries through import of poultry and poultry products Vigilance is warranted and veterinary authoribes should maintain preparedness and step up surveillance 10 th Joint Permanent Commi0ee mee1ng of the Mediterranean Animal Health Network (REMESA) Heraklion, Greece March,

15 Thanks to : Sophie von Dobschuetz Guillaume Belot Dauphin Gwenaelle Eran Raizman 10 th Joint Permanent Commi0ee mee1ng of the Mediterranean Animal Health Network (REMESA) Heraklion, Greece March, 2015