BTV Italian surveillance system and current

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1 Segretariato Generale Ufficio 3 Direzione generale della sanità animale e dei farmaci veterinari Ufficio 3 13th Joint Permanent Commi0ee mee1ng of the Mediterranean Animal Health Network (REMESA) BTV Italian surveillance system and current situa@on Byblos (Lebanon) 3-4 November 2016 Dr. Piergiuseppe Facelli

2 Bluetongue Italian surveillance There are two main objec0ves of the surveillance of BT: 1 To demonstrate the absence of viral circula@on of one or more serotypes. If the absence is demonstrated for at least two season vectors, the European Union Member Country may require that the territory (provincial) is declared free. and.

3 Bluetongue Italian surveillance 2 To identify a possible new incursion of one or more viral serotypes not present in the territory. Because it is not possible to exclude the introduction of other viral serotypes, it is necessary that such surveillance is carried out also in all the territories under restriction.

4 Bluetongue Surveillance Programme in Italy übased on: Clinical surveillance Surveillance on animals Large number of sen0nel animals monthly tested across the whole country Entomological surveillance A net of Culicoides black-light traps weekly operated all over the year 4

5 Bluetongue: Surveillance on animals In place since 2002 The Italian territory has been divided in 20 x 20 km square grids In each square, around 58 animals are selected and used as sentinel animals 5

6 Geographical distribution of sentinel holdings Bluetongue: Surveillance on animals It is a surveillance system, which includes more than 30,000 animals ( mostly cattle) 6

7 Bluetongue: Surveillance on animals They are monthly bled and tested by c-elisa. Posi0ve samples are confirmed by virus assay (*). From posi0ve animals blood samples are also tested by RT- PCR. An automa0c procedure scans these results to iden0fy seroconversions. Year Laboratory tests performed on animals (cazle, sheep and goats) in Italy No. of tested No. of ELISA animals tests No. of virus tests No. of RT-PCR (*) For each sample tested by VN, the presence of an0bodies against nine serotypes is checked: BTV-1, BTV-2, BTV-4, BTV-6, BTV-8, BTV-9, BTV-14, BTV-15, BTV-16 7

8 Bluetongue: Surveillance on animals In all these years the sentinel system has been a very effective and sensitive tool, crucial for detecting BTV circulation in Italy In 2014 around 33% of BT outbreaks were revealed due to the sentinel animals 8

9 Entomological surveillance system Entomological surveillance is needed to: Identify the main vector species Assess the seasonality of vectors

10 Entomological surveillance system Year No. Culicoides N. Culicoides collections in 2105 : The entomological surveillance system is used to define seasonally free areas and to monitor vector dynamics

11 BTV- Epidemiological in Italy in 2016 BTV1 has been present in Italy for at least 10 years mainly in central/southern Italy BTV4 had been absent for 6 years. It was detected in November 2015 in Apulia and later in other central/ southern Italian areas In some BTV1 and BTV4 outbreaks there are s0ll BTV2 and 6 serotypes In August 2016 some outbreaks of BTV4 were detected in Veneto

12 COVEPI - CESME Source: SIMAN BTV 1 BT- Epidemiological Situa@on in Italy in 2016 BTV 1 and BTV 4 BTV 4

13 Bluetongue in Veneto

14 Case chronology First case: 26 th of August (Belluno Province) 31 August 2016 Na0onal Reference Laboratory for Bluetongue (IZSAM) confirms the posi0vity for Bluetongue by PCR à BTV serotype 4 1 st of September second and third case (Treviso Province) 2 September Extraordinary monitoring plan for Bluetongue in Veneto Region September 2 cases in Vicenza Province

15 Case chronology Since then the disease con0nued to spread in this 3 Provinces and aaerwards hit Padova ( Veneto Region), Trento (Trento and Bolzano Region) and Pordenone (Friuli Region) Unfortunately we have now more than 200 cases A vaccina0on campaign started last week Inves0ga0on on introduc0on of the disease The number of bovines imported by the Veneto region is very high and many of the expor0ng regions are affected by the BTV4 The iden0fied BTV4 outbreaks are located in proximity of the area with the highest density of bovines imported from the restric@on areas (BTV4) Virus geno0ping is ongoing to clarify the way of introduc0on of BTV4

16 Thanks for your attention