TRANSBOUNDARY ANIMAL DISEASES: OUR CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR CAPACITY BUILDING OF VETERINARY SERVICES IN THAILAND
|
|
- Olivia Collins
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 TRANSBOUNDARY ANIMAL DISEASES: OUR CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR CAPACITY BUILDING OF VETERINARY SERVICES IN THAILAND Thanawat Tiensin Department of Livestock Development, Phya Thai Road, Ratchthewee, Bangkok 10400, THAILAND ABSTRACT Transboudary animal diseases (TADs) have the potential to adversely affect human populations by reducing the quantity and quality of food, other livestock products and animal power that can be obtained from a given quantity of resources and by reducing people's assets. TADs have also threatened food security through serious loss of animal protein and/or loss of draught animal power for cropping; increase poverty levels particularly in poor communities that have a high incidence of dependence on livestock farming for sustenance; cause major production losses for livestock products such as meat; milk and other dairy products; wool and other fibers and skins and hides, thereby reducing farm incomes. Their occurrence may thereby cause major losses in national export income in significant livestock-producing countries; cause public health consequences in the case of those TADs which can be transmitted to humans (i.e. zoonoses); cause environmental consequences through die-offs in wildlife populations in some cases, and cause pain and suffering for affected animals. Food production, processing, and marketing systems are complex. In many developing countries including Thailand. They are also highly fragmented and dependent upon a large number of small producers. While this may have socioeconomic benefits, as large quantities of food pass through a multitude of food handlers and middlemen, the risk of exposing food to unhygienic environments, contamination and adulteration increases. Problems occur as a result of poor post-harvest handling, processing and storage of food and also due to inadequate facilities and infrastructure such as the absence or shortage of safe water supply, electricity, storage facilities including cold stores, and transport facilities and networks, etc. Strengthening government regulation and enforcement of corporate food producers, and breaking up their stranglehold on the food system, are key steps to improving food safety. The development and growth of many countries, as well as the prevention and control of major biological disasters, depend on the performance of their policies and economies on agriculture, animal health and food and this, in turn, directly relates to the quality of their Veterinary Services (VS). The Department of Livestock Development (DLD) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives (MOAC) of Thailand has as one of its priorities, amongst other tasks, to facilitate the ongoing and improved access to international markets for animals and animal products. Therefore, TADs are our challenges and opportunities for capacity building of veterinary services in Thailand and other developing countries in the region. This report aims at describing experiences of Thailand in strengthening their capacities of veterinary services to deal with transboundary animal diseases. INTRODUCTION All animal diseases have the potential to adversely affect human populations by reducing the quantity and quality of food, as well as other livestock products (hides, skins, fibers) and animal power (traction, transport) that can be obtained from a given quantity of resources and by reducing people's assets. Transboundary animal diseases (TADs) can be defined as those epidemic diseases which are highly contagious or transmissible and have the potential for very rapid spread, irrespective of national borders, causing serious socio-economic and possibly public health consequences. These diseases 1
2 which cause a high morbidity and mortality in susceptible animal populations, constitute a constant threat to the livelihood of livestock farmers. Furthermore, their potential consequences are of such a magnitude that their occurrence may also have a significant detrimental effect on national economies (Schlundt et al., 2004). Their occurrence may thereby cause major losses in national export income in significant livestock-producing countries; cause public health consequences in the case of those TADs which can be transmitted to humans (i.e. zoonoses); cause environmental consequences through dieoffs in wildlife populations in some cases, and; cause pain and suffering for affected animals (Basuno, 2010). The development and growth of many countries, as well as the prevention and control of major biological disasters, depend on the performance of their policies and economies on agriculture, animal health and food and this, in turn, directly relates to the quality of their Veterinary Services (VS). Important roles for VS include veterinary public health including food-borne diseases and regional and international market access for animals and animal products. To meet current and future opportunities and challenges, VS should be independent and objective in their activities and decisions should be based on sound science and immune from political pressure. Use of the OIE Tool for the Evaluation of Performance of Veterinary Services (OIE PVS Tool) is a key element in the OIE PVS Pathway. Following this pathway allows countries to support VS in establishing their current level of performance, identifying gaps and weaknesses in their ability to comply with OIE international standards, and forming a shared vision with stakeholders 1 (including the private sector), with the goal of establishing priorities and securing the investments needed to carry out strategic initiatives. The Department of Livestock Development (DLD) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives (MoAC) of Thailand has as one of its priorities, amongst other tasks, to facilitate the ongoing and improved access to international markets for animals and animal products. Therefore, TADs are challenges and opportunities for capacity building of veterinary services in Thailand and other developing countries in the region. LESSONS LEARNED OF HPAI H5N1 OUTBREAKS The outbreaks of HPAI H5N1 virus in Thailand during had serious consequences for poultry production, human health, social community, and farmers livelihoods (Tiensin et al., 2005; Tiensin et al., 2009). Retrospective analyses of the HPAI H5N1 outbreaks lead to some considerations. First, the Central Region and the lower part of the Northern Region of Thailand can be considered a high risk area of avian influenza infection (Tiensin et al., 2005; Gilbert et al., 2006; Tiensin et al., 2007a). This could be linked to both the high density of poultry population in these regions and in particular the large numbers of free-grazing ducks raised in the rice fields (Gilbert et al., 2007; Tiensin et al., 2009). Secondly, domestic ducks, excreting HPAI H5N1 virus without signs of illness, hampered detection and control of the disease in (Sturm-Ramirez et al., 2005; Songserm et al., 2006). Therefore, it is imperative that intensive surveillance programs implemented in these areas were focused to detect avian influenza viruses in duck flocks. Lastly, the comparison between the 2004 and the 2005 episodes suggested that HPAI H5N1 incidence in Thailand was reduced dramatically since stringent control measures had been implemented (Tiensin et al., 2007a). During , H5N1 outbreaks occurred locally and sporadically, and the outbreaks could be contained quickly. Since 2003, the HPAI H5N1 strain was reported in 68 countries. However, HPAI H5N1 viruses have still been detected in other Asian countries Today, most countries have managed to stamp it out, but the virus remains endemic in poultry population in the 6 countries including Bangladesh, China, Egypt, India, Indonesia, and Viet Nam (OIE, 2011; WHO, 2011). Most H5N1 infections were observed in backyard poultry in (Tiensin et al., 2007a). Backyard poultry greatly contributes to local consumption and subsistence agriculture in rural areas. The traditional methods of raising backyard chickens and ducks in Thailand and other Asian affected countries will have to be modified by appropriate, simple and cheap methods for backyard farmers in 2
3 order to prevent and control the spread of avian influenza virus. No H5N1 infection was detected in chickens and ducks kept in sector 1 (Tiensin et al., 2005; Songserm et al., 2006), suggesting that H5N1 outbreaks can be controlled by improving biosecurity and biocontainment on poultry farms. However, outbreaks in poultry production sector 2 and 3 were reported, indicating the need to identify risk factors in these poultry units. We found that the high density of poultry, the local geography (e.g., wetlands, water reservoirs, and rice paddies), and farming practices in these regions were risk factors for outbreaks. In addition, a strong association between free-grazing duck populations and the practice of free-grazing farming with spread of the virus (Tiensin et al., 2005; Gilbert et al., 2006; Songserm et al., 2006; Tiensin et al., 2009). Previous studies of HPAI outbreaks in poultry have suggested that several risk factors are involved in the spread and maintenance of this virus. For example, it was shown that areas with ducks and sharing of scavenging areas with ducks had higher infection rates. These were strongly related to agricultural land use and rice crop intensity. Poultry slaughter houses, fighting cocks, quail flocks, vaccination status, and climate (specifically annual precipitation) have also been found to be associated with outbreaks in poultry. These factors could be potential risk factors for the spread and maintenance of HPAI virus in Asian countries including Thailand (Kung et al., 2007; Biswas et al., 2008; Fang et al., 2008; Biswas et al., 2009; Minh et al., 2009; Ahmed et al., 2010; Yupiana et al., 2010). Free grazing practice may be modified by moving ducks locally with short distance within the village or district. Monitoring and surveillance program in free-gazing ducks and scavenging chickens must be strengthened. Farmers and communities must take crucial responsibility to report any suspected dead or sick animals to local veterinary authorities for further prompt response. ANIMAL-HUMAN-ECOSYSTEM INTERFACE AND HPAI H5N1 Understanding the animal-human-ecosystem interface is a critical element in preventing, evaluating and predicting risks of emerging zoonotic diseases, as well as in designing evidence-based programs for prevention and early detection of emerging infectious diseases, such as avian influenza. Poultry production has changed from small-scale methods to industrial-scale operations. There is substantial evidence of pathogen movement between and among these industrial facilities, release to the external environment, and exposure to farm workers, which challenges the assumption that modern poultry production is more biosecure and biocontained as compared with backyard or small holder operations in preventing introduction and release of pathogens (Schlundt et al., 2004; Karesh et al., 2005). The changes in organization, intensity, housing, and waste management may influence the emergence and transfers of avian influenza virus among wild and domestic species, and from avians to human populations. Most importantly, the modern methods of poultry production have changed particularly broiler and layer chickens. These operations result in high numbers of poultry housed under confined conditions at great density and geographic concentration. These methods of food animal production generate many routes of pathogen transfer among wild and domesticated species and from animals to humans through occupational, peri-occupational, and environmental pathways. In addition, monitoring poultry population may improve detection of early events in the emergence of avian influenza. A careful evaluation of operations at all poultry facilities large and small should be undertaken to reduce opportunities for the transmission of disease among avian and other species. Moreover, if appropriate protections such as vaccination are identified, the agricultural workforce constitutes a high-risk population for whom protection from zoonotic disease is important not only for their health but also for the health of their communities and the population at large. Finally, improved oversight and management of animal wastes including transport and sale as well as use in aquaculture or in crop activities should be included in strategies to reduce risks of pandemic HPAI. KEY FINDINGS OF THE PVS EVALUATION 3
4 Based on the results of OIE PVS evaluation, Thailand has a very strong veterinary services (VS), led by the high standards required of its export industries (e.g. poultry to EU), which has tended to also improve other areas and promote awareness of high quality systems both within DLD and amongst stakeholders, particularly in relation to food safety and traceability systems. Initial and continuing education is very strong across the board (Hutter, et al., 2012). Professional and technical staffing of the veterinary services: The Thai VS are well staffed with veterinarians, except at the field level. Qualified veterinarians occupy the majority of positions at DLD central, regional and provincial levels, and in veterinary laboratories. A small minority of district livestock offices are currently led by a veterinarian. Generally, field staff in district, sub-district and village levels and in the majority of border checkpoints and small slaughterhouses are not veterinarians. A large proportion of veterinarians in Thailand are engaged in predominantly small animal practice (> 3000) and do not engage in official activities except for small animal surveillance reporting. The Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) accreditation systems managed by DLD require services by qualified, approved and trained veterinarians at participating farms, slaughterhouses, milk processors etc. Though these systems ensure high quality veterinary practices, they only cover a small proportion of farms or plants in Thailand, and almost no smaller farms or operations (e.g. smallholders). Veterinary laboratory diagnosis and quality assurance: Thailand s laboratory diagnostic services are of high quality, have high capacity and are well managed. All official diagnostic tests are performed at DLD laboratories and the lab network is well coordinated with standardized testing practices across the country, facilitated through consistent lab standard operating protocols and nationally coordinated proficiency testing. Thailand has the designated OIE Regional Reference laboratory for FMD (South-East Asia), and the ASEAN Food Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Residues, and international collaboration with global networks are strong. NIAH has a special Mobile Rapid Response Team and accompanying vehicle with emergency diagnostic equipment. Quarantine and border security: Quarantine and border security seems well managed in Thailand. SOPs are available for all quarantine procedures, and movement documents (import, export and internal movement permits and health certifications) seem comprehensive, well managed and are on-line (e-movement system). Epidemiological surveillance: Animal health surveillance in Thailand is strong for GAP certified farms and for targeted poultry diseases. There is a strong disease reporting system from district to central levels although only the poultry version is currently web-based. There is good capacity for disease investigation and sampling at district and provincial levels. Gaps exist in the field in relation to smaller, non-poultry farms relating to the skills and coverage of Thailand s field animal health surveillance network. Food safety: High food safety standards exist with veterinary ante and post mortem inspection and laboratory testing facilities at all export premises and for GMP certified domestic slaughterhouses and processing operators. Lesser standards apply for the remainder of operators servicing the domestic market, with lower standards applying based on the decreasing size of the operation. Efforts are being applied to 4
5 improve standards through expanding GMP certification and otherwise raising standards and requirements for smaller operators such as through training of non-veterinary meat inspectors. At the retail level DLD is piloting a hygienic meat project which is showing good promise to improve safety standards at the retail level with financial benefits to owners who undertake such an investment. Veterinary medicines and biologicals: The regulation of veterinary medicines and biologicals is a significant gap for the Thai VS, who do not have adequate direct involvement, nor collaboration and/or technical influence with the relevant authority in Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Ministry of Public Health. DLD only has direct authority over regulation of the category of hazardous substances (disinfectants, pesticides etc). Residue testing: DLD has a comprehensive residue monitoring programme managed by its Residue Monitoring Committee. As with many Thai VS activities, the impetus has been led through high export standards required for demanding markets such as poultry exports to the EU. DLD only has control of veterinary drug use at farm level through the GAP scheme. CONCLUSIONS Transboundary Animal Diseases and Food Safety Issues are our challenges and opportunities for capacity building of veterinary services and we seek for further insight information to deal with these problems. The Veterinary Services of developing countries are in urgent need of support to provide them with the necessary infrastructure, resources and capacities that will enable their countries to benefit more fully from the WTO Sanitary and Phytosanitary Agreement (SPS Agreement) while at the same time providing greater protection for animal health and public health and reducing the threat for other countries which are free of diseases. It is considered the Veterinary Services as a Global Public Good and their bringing into line with international standards (structure, organization, resources, capacities, role of paraprofessionals) as a public investment priority. REFERENCES Ahmed, S.S., Ersboll, A.K., Biswas, P.K., Christensen, J.P., The space-time clustering of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 outbreaks in Bangladesh. Epidemiol Infect 138, Basuno, E., Yusdja, Y., Ilham, N., Socio-economic impacts of avian influenza outbreaks on small-scale producers in Indonesia. Transbound Emerg Dis 57, Biswas, P.K., Christensen, J.P., Ahmed, S.S., Barua, H., Das, A., Rahman, M.H., Giasuddin, M., Hannan, A.S., Habib, A.M., Debnath, N.C., Risk factors for infection with highly pathogenic influenza A virus (H5N1) in commercial chickens in Bangladesh. Vet Rec 164, Biswas, P.K., Christensen, J.P., Ahmed, S.S., Barua, H., Das, A., Rahman, M.H., Giasuddin, M., Hannan, A.S., Habib, M.A., Ahad, A., Rahman, A.S., Faruque, R., Debnath, N.C., Avian influenza outbreaks in chickens, Bangladesh. Emerg Infect Dis 14, Fang, L.Q., de Vlas, S.J., Liang, S., Looman, C.W., Gong, P., Xu, B., Yan, L., Yang, H., Richardus, J.H., Cao, W.C., Environmental factors contributing to the spread of H5N1 avian influenza in mainland China. PLoS One 3, e2268. Gilbert, M., Chaitaweesub, P., Parakamawongsa, T., Premashthira, T., Tiensin, T., Kalpravidh, W., Wagner, H., Slingenbergh, J., Free-grazing ducks and higly pathogenic avian influenza, Thailand. Emerging Infectious Diseases 12, Gilbert, M., Xiao, X., Chaitaweesub, P., Kalpravidh, W., Premashthira, S., Boles, S., Slingenbergh, J., Avian influenza, domestic ducks and rice agriculture in Thailand. Agric Ecosyst Environ 119, Hutter, S., Bouzghaia, H., Stratton, J PVS Evaluation Report of Thailand. OIE, 149 p. 5
6 Karesh, W.B., Cook, R.A., Bennett, E.L., Newcomb, J., Wildlife trade and global disease emergence. Emerg Infect Dis 11, Knight-Jones, T.J., Hauser, R., Matthes, D., Stark, K.D., Evaluation of effectiveness and efficiency of wild bird surveillance for avian influenza. Veterinary research 41, 50. Kung, N.Y., Morris, R.S., Perkins, N.R., Sims, L.D., Ellis, T.M., Bissett, L., Chow, M., Shortridge, K.F., Guan, Y., Peiris, M.J., Risk for infection with highly pathogenic influenza A virus (H5N1) in chickens, Hong Kong, Emerg Infect Dis 13, Minh, P.Q., Morris, R.S., Schauer, B., Stevenson, M., Benschop, J., Nam, H.V., Jackson, R., Spatio-temporal epidemiology of highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in the two deltas of Vietnam during Prev Vet Med 89, OIE, Update on Avian Influenza in Animals (Type H5 and H7). OIE, OIE Tool for the Evaluation of Performance of Veterinary Services(OIE PVS Tool) 5 th edition, 56 p. Schlundt, J., Toyofuku, H., Jansen, J., Herbst, S.A., Emerging food-borne zoonoses. Rev Sci Tech 23, Songserm, T., Jam-On, R., Sae-Heng, N., Meemak, N., Hulse-Post, D.J., Sturm-Ramirez, K.M., Webster, R.G., Domestic ducks and H5N1 influenza epidemic, Thailand. Emerg Infect Dis 12, Sturm-Ramirez, K.M., Hulse-Post, D.J., Govorkova, E.A., Humberd, J., Seiler, P., Puthavathana, P., Buranathai, C., Nguyen, T.D., Chaisingh, A., Long, H.T., Naipospos, T.S., Chen, H., Ellis, T.M., Guan, Y., Peiris, J.S., Webster, R.G., Are ducks contributing to the endemicity of highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in Asia? J Virol 79, Tiensin, T., Ahmed, S.S., Rojanasthien, S., Songserm, T., Ratanakorn, P., Chaichoun, K., Kalpravidh, W., Wongkasemjit, S., Patchimasiri, T., Chanachai, K., Thanapongtham, W., Chotinan, S., Stegeman, A., Nielen, M., Ecologic risk factor investigation of clusters of avian influenza A (H5N1) virus infection in Thailand. J Infect Dis 199, Tiensin, T., Chaitaweesub, P., Songserm, T., Chaisingh, A., Hoonsuwan, W., Buranathai, C., Parakamawongsa, T., Premashthira, S., Amonsin, A., Gilbert, M., Nielen, M., Stegeman, A., Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1, Thailand, Emerg Infect Dis 11, Tiensin, T., Nielen, M., Songserm, T., Kalpravidh, W., Chaitaweesub, P., Amonsin, A., Chotiprasatintara, S., Chaisingh, A., Damrongwatanapokin, S., Wongkasemjit, S., Antarasena, C., Songkitti, V., Chanachai, K., Thanapongtham, W., Stegeman, J.A., 2007a. Geographic and temporal distribution of highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus (H5N1) in Thailand, : an overview. Avian Dis 51, WHO, Cumulative Number of Confirmed Human Cases of Avian Influenza A/(H5N1) Reported to WHO. Yupiana, Y., de Vlas, S.J., Adnan, N.M., Richardus, J.H., Risk factors of poultry outbreaks and human cases of H5N1 avian influenza virus infection in West Java Province, Indonesia. Int J Infect Dis 14, e
Global and Regional Strategies for HPAI and CSF
Global and Regional Strategies for HPAI and CSF 2 Key Strategic Approach Strengthening of Veterinary Services and related national capacity, including compliance with OIE standards and guidelines on quality
More informationOIE Situation Report for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza
OIE Situation Report for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Latest update: 31/05/2018 The epidemiology of avian influenza (AI) is complex. The AI virus constantly evolves by mutation and re-assortment with
More informationCountries initially targeted: Bangladesh, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Lao People s Demoncratic Republic and Pakistan.
PUI PROJECT PROPOSAL ON BUILDING AND IMPROVEMENT OF ANIMAL DISEASE DIAGNOSTIC CAPACITIES OF VETERINARY LABORATORIES IN ASIA BY TRANSFER OF NUCLEAR AND NUCLEAR RELATED TECHNIQUES: A REGIONAL APPROACH FOR
More informationOIE Situation Report for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza
OIE Situation Report for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Latest update: 30/06/2018 The epidemiology of avian influenza (AI) is complex. The AI virus constantly evolves by mutation and re-assortment with
More informationOIE Situation Report for Avian Influenza
OIE Situation Report for Avian Influenza Latest update: 25/01/2018 The epidemiology of avian influenza is complex. The virus constantly evolves and the behavior of each new subtype (and strains within
More informationSECOND FAO/OIE REGIONAL MEETING ON AVIAN INFLUENZA CONTROL IN ASIA Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, February 2005
SECOND FAO/OIE REGIONAL MEETING ON AVIAN INFLUENZA CONTROL IN ASIA Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, 23-25 February 2005 OIE Address for the Opening Session (Dr T. Fujita, OIE Representative, OIE Regional Representation
More informationOIE Situation Report for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza
OIE Situation Report for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Latest update: 28/02/2018 The epidemiology of avian influenza is complex. The virus constantly evolves and the behavior of each new subtype (and
More informationInternational Journal of Infectious Diseases
International Journal of Infectious Diseases 14 (2010) e800 e805 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect International Journal of Infectious Diseases journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ijid Risk
More informationSEA/CD/154 Distribution : General. Avian Influenza in South-East Asia Region: Priority Areas for Research
SEA/CD/154 Distribution : General Avian Influenza in South-East Asia Region: Priority Areas for Research World Health Organization Publications of the World Health Organization enjoy copyright protection
More informationOIE/FAO International Scientific Conference on Avian Influenza OIE Paris, France, 7 8 April 2005 RECOMMENDATIONS
CONSIDERING THAT: 1. Preventing the spread of pathogens through international trade in animals and animal products is one of the primary missions of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE). This
More informationINTRODUCTION TO ONE HEALTH (AND PLANETARY HEALTH)
Conference on Sustainability in Asia Partnerships for Research and Implementation April 6-7, 2017 Hong Kong INTRODUCTION TO ONE HEALTH (AND PLANETARY HEALTH) Dirk Pfeiffer Chair Professor of One Health
More informationNational Strategies for Controlling Avian Influenza Viruses
National Strategies for Controlling Avian Influenza Viruses Thailand OIE Regional Workshop on Enhancing Influenza Viruses National Surveillance Systems, Tokyo, 26-28 August 2014 Poultry Population in 2013
More informationEmpirical studies based on H5N1 distribution data
Spatial models of avian influenza Approaches used & refinement of the scope Empirical studies based on H5N1 distribution data Overall aproaches Scale: extent and resolution Focus & analytical methods Main
More informationEvaluating the Impact of Climate Change on Global HPAI H5N1 outbreaks
International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive 5th International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software - Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
More informationPannel session on Surveillance of Avian Influenza in Nepal
Pannel session on Surveillance of Avian Influenza in Nepal OIE Regional Expert Group Meeting for the Control of Avian Influenza in Asia,Sapporo, Japan, 3-5 October 2017 The Country NEPAL Land locked country
More informationAPEC Ministerial Meeting on Avian and Influenza Pandemics Da Nang, Viet Nam, 4-6 May 2006
APEC Ministerial Meeting on Avian and Influenza Pandemics Da Nang, Viet Nam, 4-6 May 2006 APEC Action Plan on the Prevention and Response to Avian and Influenza Pandemics 1. Many APEC economies have been
More informationThe Why and How of Risk Mapping
Initial Bird Flu Risk Map Report 1 Part One The Why and How of Risk Mapping 1 1 Risk Mapping for HPAI H5N1 in Africa Improving surveillance for bird flu Introduction 1-3 Why risk maps? 1-3 The risk-map
More informationOIE Situation Report for Avian Influenza
OIE Situation Report for Avian Influenza Latest update: 08/05/2017 This report presents an overview of current disease events reported to the OIE by its Members. The objective is to describe what is happening
More informationProfile on TADs in Japan
Profile on TADs in Japan Country Report Tatsumi Okura Deputy Director, Animal Health Division, Food Safety and Consumer Affairs Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Japan Coordination
More informationResearch Issues in Animal Surveillance and Pandemic Planning
Research Issues in Animal Surveillance and Pandemic Planning Robert G. Webster, PhD Division of Virology Department of Infectious Diseases St. Jude Children s Research Hospital SURVEILLANCE Spread of H5N1
More informationIUF Briefing Paper: Avian Influenza (H5N1) and Agricultural Workers October 2005
IUF Briefing Paper: Avian Influenza (H5N1) and Agricultural Workers October 2005 I believe that the momentum that is now building up will give us a chance to change the course of history and head off a
More informationThis article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and
This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution
More informationAvian influenza - current situation and future trends
Avian influenza - current situation and future trends Calogero Terregino OIE, FAO and National Reference Laboratory for Newcastle Disease and Avian Influenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle
More informationCurrent Status of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Animal. Wantanee Kalpravidh Food and Agriculture and Organization
Current Status of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Animal Wantanee Kalpravidh Food and Agriculture and Organization Outlines Updated situation of HPAI in Asia FAO s views on current problems Perspectives
More informationOIE Situation Report for Avian Influenza
OIE Situation Report for Avian Influenza Latest update: 24/04/2017 This report presents an overview of current disease events reported to the OIE by its Members. The objective is to describe what is happening
More informationMeasures to control Avian Influenza and Pandemic Preparedness in Vietnam
Measures to control Avian Influenza and Pandemic Preparedness in Vietnam MEETING ON AVIAN INFLUENZA & HUMAN PANDEMIC INFLUENZA Geneva, 7-9 November 2005 Dr. Bui Ba Bong Vice-Minister Ministry of Agriculture
More informationEmerging global health threats of animal origin
Emerging global health threats of animal origin Ahmed El Idrissi Senior Officer Transboundary Animal Diseases and zoonoses Animal Production and Health Division FAO - Rome 9 th meeting of the REMESA JPC
More informationEvaluation of Biosecurity Status in Commercial Broiler Farms in Sri Lanka
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 7, Issue 4, April 217 114 ISSN 225-3153 Evaluation of Biosecurity Status in Commercial Broiler Farms in Sri Lanka W.M.J.B. Wijesinghe
More informationRegional Overview of the implementation of National Control Strategies for Avian Influenza. Summary review of questionnaire OIE RRAP
Regional Overview of the implementation of National Control Strategies for Avian Influenza Summary review of questionnaire OIE RRAP The OIE Questionnaire on Influenza A surveillance in animals in the Asia
More informationVNN. FAO Viet Nam s Emergency Centre for. Newsletter. FAO Viet Nam
March - September 2015 FAO Viet Nam Newsletter Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD) FAO supports Viet Nam's Department of Animal Health and Department of Livestock Production with
More informationOutbreak evaluation of highly pathogenic avian influenza in Bangladesh. Mymensingh *Corresponding author:
Outbreak evaluation of highly pathogenic avian influenza in Bangladesh M. Giasuddin 1*, M.E.Haque 2, A.H.M.Kamal 2, M.R. Islam 2, A. Jahangir 1, E.H. Chowdhury 2 M.J.F.A.Taimur 1 and M. Hafizur Rahman
More informationHealth Task Force Workplan
2006/SOM 3/HTF/021 Agenda Item: VI Health Task Force Workplan 2006-2007 Purpose: Information Submitted by: Chair Health Task Force Meeting Da Nang, Viet Nam 14 15 September 2006 APEC HEALTH TASK FORCE
More informationHighly Pathogenic Avian Influenza:
United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Program Aid No. 1704 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza: A Threat to U.S. Poultry A Threat to U.S. Poultry Worldwide, there
More informationOIE Situation Report for Avian Influenza
OIE Situation Report for Avian Influenza Latest update: 18/09/2017 This report presents an overview of current disease events reported to the OIE by its Members. The objective is to describe what is happening
More informationM E E T I N G R E P O R T. Expert Group Meeting on Swine Influenza in Asia Pacific Region
Summary M E E T I N G R E P O R T Expert Group Meeting on Swine Influenza in Asia Pacific Region Tokyo, Japan, 23 April 2013 Reported by the Regional Representation for Asia and the Pacific The captioned
More informationViet Nam Avian Influenza Control and Preparedness
2008/SOM3/HWG/WKSP/004 Viet Nam Avian Influenza Control and Preparedness Submitted by: Viet Nam Health Working Group Policy Dialogue and Risk Communications Workshop Lima, Peru 13-15 August 2008 Vietnam
More informationSpatial Analysis and Mapping of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Thailand Using National Outbreak Data: An Area-Based Risk Orientation
Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 46 : 715-723 (2012) Spatial Analysis and Mapping of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Thailand Using National Outbreak Data: An Area-Based Risk Orientation Chaithep Poolkhet
More informationAvian influenza Avian influenza ("bird flu") and the significance of its transmission to humans
15 January 2004 Avian influenza Avian influenza ("bird flu") and the significance of its transmission to humans The disease in birds: impact and control measures Avian influenza is an infectious disease
More informationEMERGENCY CENTRE FOR TRANSBOUNDARY ANIMAL DISEASES REGIONAL OFFICE FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC
EMERGENCY CENTRE FOR TRANSBOUNDARY ANIMAL DISEASES REGIONAL OFFICE FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Bangkok, March 2010 Animal Health The designations employed
More informationOIE/FAO Global Conference on foot and mouth disease. The way towards global control. Paraguay: 24 to 26 June Draft Resolution version 8
OIE/FAO Global Conference on foot and mouth disease The way towards global control Paraguay: 24 to 26 June 2009 Draft Resolution version 8 Considering that: Foot and mouth disease (FMD) has for centuries
More informationOverview OIE/JTF project on HPAI control in Asia and other related programs by the OIE Asia-Pacific
Overview OIE/JTF project on HPAI control in Asia and other related programs by the OIE Asia-Pacific The 5 th OIE Regional Expert Group Meeting for Implementation of the Programme on Surveillance of Wild
More informationHow to prevent transmission to/from domestic pigs
Workshop on African swine fever management in wild boar surveillance and prevention of transmission to/from domestic pigs How to prevent transmission to/from domestic pigs Marius Masiulis FAO international
More information9 th RSC Meeting of GF TADs for Asia and the Pacific
9 th RSC Meeting of GF TADs for Asia and the Pacific SAARC initiatives for the control of priority TADs South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) Secretariat SAARC Region 2.5% of global
More informationEgypt Success Story In Combating Avian Influenza
Egypt Success Story In Combating Avian Influenza Wild bird situation Approximately 4 millions migratory birds pass over Egypt. About 500,000 migratory birds spend a period of time in 35 Wetland Areas Highly
More informationFare clic per modificare lo stile del titolo
FAO Initiatives and Issues for HPAI and EIDs Emergency Center for Transboundary Animal Disease FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (ECTAD-RAP) Subhash Morzaria Fourth Regional Steering Committee
More informationFAO s Animal Health Initiatives in Asia and the Pacific. 9th Regional Steering Committee Meeting of GF TADs for Asia and Pacific
FAO s Animal Health Initiatives in Asia and the Pacific 9th Regional Steering Committee Meeting of GF TADs for Asia and Pacific FAO Worldwide 90+ FAO country offices FAO Regional/sub regional office Regional
More informationHPAI Control Measures and Household Incomes in Viet Nam
HPAI Control Measures and Household Incomes in Viet Nam Joachim Otte, FAO Pro-Poor Livestock Policy Initiative (PPLPI) David Roland-Holst, UC Berkeley & Dirk Pfeiffer, RVC London 1 Introduction A broad
More informationin Vietnam Under the OIE/Japan Trust Fund Project (JTF) for Strengthening HPAI Control Hanoi, 2-3 October 2012
Influenza A virus Prevalence Studies in Poultry in Vietnam Under the OIE/Japan Trust Fund Project (JTF) for Strengthening HPAI Control in Asia, 2008-2012 Kenji Sakurai OIE Asia Pacific Kenji Sakurai, OIE
More informationREPORT ON ANIMAL HEALTH AND WELFARE ISSUES
REPORT ON ANIMAL HEALTH AND WELFARE ISSUES PRESENTATION TO THE PORTFOLIO COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AD FISHERIES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND FISHERIES - 28 OCTOBER 2014 PRESENTATION
More informationConsortium on Law and Values in Health, Environment & the Life Sciences
Consortium on Law and Values in Health, Environment & the Life Sciences 2010 11 Student Proposal Cover Page Applicant Information Applicant Name: Amanda Beaudoin Email: beau0209@umn.edu Let Them Graze
More informationHighly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Worldwide situation Larnaca, Cyprus, July 2009
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Worldwide situation Larnaca, Cyprus, 20-22 July 2009 Dr Ghazi Yehia OIE Regional Representative for the Middle East HPAI Subtype H5N1: sequence of events 2003-2004: confined
More informationFMD Report - Syria 6 th Regional FMD West Eurasia Roadmap Meeting - Almaty, Kazakhstan 28 to 30 April 2015
FMD Report - Syria 6 th Regional FMD West Eurasia Roadmap Meeting - Almaty, Kazakhstan 28 to 30 April 2015 Dr. Mazen Dib - Directorate Of Animal Health Syria 6th West Eurasia Roadmap Meeting Almaty, Kazakhstan
More informationWest Eurasia Regional Roadmap Meeting Country Presentation 2012
West Eurasia Regional Roadmap Meeting Country Presentation 2012 G E O R G I A Geographic Location: South Caucasus Area: 69.700 km 2 Population: 4.500.000 Capital City: Tbilisi (1.250.000) Administrative-territorial
More informationOIE Situation Report for Avian Influenza
OIE Situation Report for Avian Influenza Latest update: 10/07/2017 This report presents an overview of current disease events reported to the OIE by its Members. The objective is to describe what is happening
More informationSoutheast Asia and China FMD Campaign
Southeast Asia and China FMD Campaign Ronello C. Abila SEACFMD Regional Coordinator OIE Sub-Regional Representative for SE Asia OUTLINE SEACFMD Campaign FMD Status Risk factors The new SEACFMD Roadmap
More informationREVIEW POULTRY RAISING SYSTEMS AND HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA OUTBREAKS IN THAILAND: THE SITUATION, ASSOCIATIONS, AND IMPACTS
REVIEW POULTRY RAISING SYSTEMS AND HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA OUTBREAKS IN THAILAND: THE SITUATION, ASSOCIATIONS, AND IMPACTS Wasan Chantong 1 and John B Kaneene 2 1 Food and Agricultural Technology
More informationINDONESIA Culling Compensation Policy and Practice
INDONESIA Culling Compensation Policy and Practice National Committee for Avian Influenza Control and Pandemic Influenza Preparedness (Komnas FBPI) 13 February 2007 1 Chronology of AI in Indonesia Interpandemic
More informationFAO's initiative on HPAI control in Bangladesh
FAO's initiative on HPAI control in The 5th OIE Regional Meeting on Strengthening Animal Health Information Networking for HPAI Control and Prevention in Asia Hanoi, Vietnam, 2-3October 2012 Prepared by
More informationAnimal Health Requirements for poultry meat etc. to be exported to Japan from Finland
Animal Health Requirements for poultry meat etc. to be exported to Japan from Finland Animal Health requirements for poultry meat etc. (hereinafter referred to as the exported poultry meat etc. ) are applied
More informationRegional Cooperation Initiatives: FAO Updates Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific
1 Regional Cooperation Initiatives: FAO Updates Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific 2 @ Ensuring food security and safety @ Improve livelihoods
More informationSelf-declaration of Belgium regarding the recovery of the HPAI free status in poultry
Self-declaration of Belgium regarding the recovery of the HPAI free status in poultry Declaration sent to the OIE on October 11, 2017 by Dr. Jean-François Heymans, Chief of Veterinary Services of the Belgian
More informationAVIAN INFLUENZA (AI)
REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL AFFAIRS GENERAL DIRECTORATE OF PROTECTION AND CONTROL AVIAN INFLUENZA (AI) SITUATION IN TURKEY AND LESSONS LEARNED By H. Haluk A KARO LU Section Director
More informationFAO ECTAD. Acknowledgement
FAO ECTAD Building Regional Surveillance Capacity for the Control of AI and other EIDs ARF Workshop on Disease Surveillance and Detection 13 15 September 2011, Philippines Kachen Wongsathapornchai ASEAN
More informationNational Strategies for Controlling Avian Influenza Viruses
National Strategies for Controlling Avian Influenza Viruses Viet Nam Background information Animal population Major animal diseases of concerns Population of Livestock in Viet Nam Year Buffalo Cattle Pigs
More informationInfluenza and the Poultry Link
Influenza and the Poultry Link Hemagglutinin Neuraminidase Type A Influenza Surface Antigens Subtype Surface Antigens Hemagglutinin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 human equine swine Neuraminidase
More informationNational Foot and mouth Disease Control and Eradication Plan in Thailand
National Foot and mouth Disease Control and Eradication Plan in Thailand Bureau of Disease Control and Veterinary Services Department of Livestock Development The FMD control and eradication plan in Thailand
More informationGlobal Challenges of Pandemic and Avian Influenza. 19 December 2006 Keiji Fukuda Global influenza Programme
Global Challenges of Pandemic and Avian Influenza 19 December 2006 Keiji Fukuda Global influenza Programme Summary of Current H5N1 Situation 1997 First known outbreak infecting humans 18 people hospitalized
More informationOverview of biosecurity systems in EU Member States. Milos Juras Food and Veterinary Office Unit F6 Animal and Welfare Grange, Dunsany (MH) - Ireland
Overview of biosecurity systems in EU Member States Milos Juras Food and Veterinary Office Unit F6 Animal and Welfare Grange, Dunsany (MH) - Ireland Who are we? A service of the European Commission verifying
More informationFrequently Asked Questions on Avian Influenza
Frequently Asked Questions on Avian Influenza What is bird flu (avian influenza) and how does it differ from seasonal flu and pandemic influenza? Avian influenza or bird flu is a disease of birds caused
More informationSAARC Experience on Workforce Development
SAARC Experience on Workforce Development MJH JABED Director- Agriculture and Rural Development South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) GHSA Meeting: 4-year Workplan Development & Strengthening
More informationSituation of AI in Egypt
Situation of AI in Egypt Prof. Dr. Mona M. Aly Director of Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI-NLQP) Dokki, Giza., Egypt Topics 1- Current situation 2- Egyptian AI control strategy 3- Achievements 4-
More informationAvian Influenza Surveillance in Thailand 16 December 2010, Kasetsart University - Bangkhen
CIRAD/KU Seminar on "Innovative Tools for Assessment of Health Surveillance Systems, 16-17 December 2010 Avian Influenza Surveillance in Thailand 16 December 2010, Kasetsart University - Bangkhen Orapan
More information16 th JPC REM ESA M ohammedia 18-19th April Surveillance of low pathogenic Avian Influenza virus
16 th JPC REM ESA M ohammedia 18-19th April 2018 Surveillance of low pathogenic Avian Influenza virus DR.SSA BENEDETTA CAPPELLETTI, DVM VETERINARY OFFICER FOR EXPORT AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS DIRECTORATE
More informationThe Relationship between Environmental Factors and the Onsets of Avian Influenza Outbreaks in Thailand
The Relationship between Environmental Factors and the Onsets of Avian Influenza Outbreaks in Thailand Hirun Sawaengkaew Environmental Science (Interdisciplinary Program) Graduate School, Chulalongkorn
More informationDr. Alejandro Schudel Fundación PROSAIA Argentina. 17 th IMS World Meat Congress Cape Town, South Africa, 7-10 September 2008
Dr. Alejandro Schudel Fundación PROSAIA Argentina 17 th IMS World Meat Congress Cape Town, South Africa, 7-10 September 2008 The international scene. Hazards and opportunities: New challenges Past years
More informationPandemic Influenza Preparedness and Response
24 th Meeting of Ministers of Health Dhaka, Bangladesh, 20-21 August 2006 SEA/HMM/Meet.24/4(b) 10 July 2006 Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and Response Regional situation: Human cases and outbreaks of
More informationAI surveillance of domestic birds in Vietnam. Under the OIE/Japan Trust Fund Project (JTF) for Strengthening HPAI Control in Asia,
AI surveillance of domestic birds in Vietnam Under the OIE/Japan Trust Fund Project (JTF) for Strengthening HPAI Control in Asia, 2008-2012 Kenji Sakurai, OIE Asia-Pacific Tokyo, 13-14 December 2012 Contents
More informationTHE UNREGULATED AND INFORMAL TRADE IN WILDLIFE: IMPLICATIONS FOR BIODIVERSITY AND HEALTH
THE UNREGULATED AND INFORMAL TRADE IN WILDLIFE: IMPLICATIONS FOR BIODIVERSITY AND HEALTH William B. Karesh Kristine Smith Marianne Asmüssen OIE Global Conference on Wildlife: Animal Health and Biodiversity
More informationPROJECT DOCUMENT. Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao People s Democratic Republic (PDR), People s Republic of China and Viet Nam
PROJECT DOCUMENT Countries: Project Symbol: Donor: Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao People s Democratic Republic (PDR), People s Republic of China and Viet Nam OSRO/RAS/5xx/USA Government of the United States
More informationFMD Control Initiatives in Bangladesh
FMD Control Initiatives in Bangladesh Dr. Md. Mohsin Ali Dr. Md. Ainul Haque Department of Livestock Services, Bangladesh Country Profile In Short Bangladesh is a Republic of South Asia It is bordered
More informationSummary and Recommendations - APEC Dialogue on Avian Influenza Risks in the Live Bird Market System (LBMS)
2008/ATCWG12/031 Agenda Item: XII Summary and Recommendations - APEC Dialogue on Avian Influenza Risks in the Live Bird Market System (LBMS) Purpose: Information Submitted by: United States 12 th Agricultural
More informationVNN. The fourth Viet Nam - China Bilateral Meeting on. Newsletter. FAO Viet Nam. Viet Nam - China aim for safer trade of animals and animal products
October - February 2016 VNN FAO Viet Nam Newsletter Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD) FAO supports Viet Nam's Department of Animal Health and Department of Livestock Production
More informationFAO of the UN, WHO and OIE with the collaboration of UNSIC and UNICEF. Background Paper
FAO of the UN, WHO and OIE with the collaboration of UNSIC and UNICEF Background Paper 3.4 d Ensuring intergovernmental support to national and other stakeholders for integrated action to tackle HPAI and
More informationLessons Learnt Egypt FAO ECTAD EGYPT
Lessons Learnt Egypt FAO ECTAD EGYPT Outline Achievements (2014-2016) Challenges Lessons learnt Measures needed 2 Achievements 2014-2016 Policy instruments Capacity support 3 Achievements 2014-2016 Policy
More informationAnthropogenic factors and the risk of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1: prospects from a spatial-based model
DOI: 10.1051/vetres/2009076 Ó INRA, EDP Sciences, 2010 www.vetres.org Original article Anthropogenic factors and the risk of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1: prospects from a spatial-based model
More informationPROJECT INFORMATION DOCUMENT (PID) CONCEPT STAGE Report No.: AB2118 Project Name
PROJECT INFORMATION DOCUMENT (PID) CONCEPT STAGE Report No.: AB2118 Project Name Avian Influenza & Human Pandemic Preparedness & Response APL 2 Project Region EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA Sector Animal production
More informationGuidelines for Wildlife Disease Surveillance: An Overview 1
Guidelines for Wildlife Disease Surveillance: An Overview 1 Purpose of Wildlife Disease Surveillance Wildlife disease surveillance can be a useful and complementary component of human and animal disease
More informationGovernment structure on Food safety and Animal health system in Japan
Government structure on Food safety and Animal health system in Japan Japan-EU EPA Negotiation Round 4 SPS group meeting 28-29 January, 2014 Food Safety & Consumer Affairs Bureau Ministry of Agriculture,
More informationINDONESIA S RESPONSE TO AVIAN INVLUENZA (October 7, 2005) A. Assessment of Key Areas of the Country s Overall Preparedness
INDONESIA S RESPONSE TO AVIAN INVLUENZA (October 7, 2005) A. Assessment of Key Areas of the Country s Overall Preparedness A.1 Current status of HPAI in Indonesia Since the first reported outbreak in Indonesia
More informationAvian Influenza (AI) National & International Update
Avian Influenza (AI) National & International Update T.J. Myers, F. Hegngi, A. Rhorer, P. Klein, T. Duvernoy & M. David USDA, APHIS, Veterinary Services Delmarva Breeder, Hatchery & Grow Out Conference
More informationThe Economics of Zoonotic Diseases in China
The Economics of Zoonotic Diseases in China Tong Wu ecoservices Group School of Life Sciences Arizona State University May 8, 2016 Duke-Kunshan University 1. A brief overview of zoonotic diseases Three
More informationHOW CAN WE PROGRESS THE COOPERATION BETWEEN ANIMAL HEALTH SECTOR AND PUBLIC HEALTH SECTOR?
HOW CAN WE PROGRESS THE COOPERATION BETWEEN ANIMAL HEALTH SECTOR AND PUBLIC HEALTH SECTOR? T. Tiensin 1, T. Chuxnum 2 Original: English Summary: Global public health is a shared responsibility of both
More informationOutbreak investigation
Outbreak investigation Dr. Marius Masiulis FAO international consultant, State Food and Veterinary Service of Lithuania Regional Workshop on FMD and other TADs Yur'evets, Vladimir, Russian Federation 29/11/2017-30/11/2017
More informationActivities proposed for GF-TADs Labelling
RSC GF-TADs for AP JTF FAO&OIE 7th RSC GF-TADs for AP s GCP/RAS/244/ITA Environmental Animal Health Management Initiative for smallholder production in Southeast Asia, Phase 3 2009-2013 Italy FAO Cambodia,
More informationAvian Influenza situation in Cambodia
General Directorate of Animal Health and Production Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Avian Influenza situation in Cambodia Avian Health Workshop July 17-19, 2018, University of Japan Dr.
More informationEpidemiology and Control of Avian Influenza H5N1 Virus in Thailand
Epidemiology and Control of Avian Influenza H5N1 Virus in Thailand Thanawat Tiensin 2011 Thanawat Tiensin, 2011 Epidemiology and control of avian influenza H5N1 virus in Thailand PhD thesis, Faculty of
More informationOptimising surveillance systems for early disease detection. Nick Honhold October 2007
Optimising surveillance systems for early disease detection Nick Honhold October 2007 Secrets of success for epidemic disease control without vaccination 1) Find it quickly: Surveillance/Reporting 2) Contain
More informationFMD Control in South East Asia: science based approach to development of roadmaps and PVS Tools to support capacity building.
FMD Control in South East Asia: science based approach to development of roadmaps and PVS Tools to support capacity building Ronello Abila Sub-Regional Representative for SE Asia OUTLINE SEACFMD Campaign
More informationAvian Influenza Intersectoral Collaboration
Avian Influenza Intersectoral Collaboration Larnaca - Cyprus 20 22 July 2009 Prepared by: Eng. Abeer Sirawan Dr.Ghazi El-Hakim On the global level, the human health sector lags behind the animal health
More informationASF cases and outbreaks in Poland
ASF cases and outbreaks in Poland Since SGE1 meeting 13 cases (22-34) of ASF in wild boar and 1 outbreak (3 rd ) of ASF in pigs have been detected in Poland. Those events occurred in the same area as previous
More information