Appendix chapter 4: Description of two pterosaurs (Pterodactyloidea) mandibles from the Lower Cretaceous Santana Formation, Brazil

Transcription

1 Appendix chapter 4: Description of two pterosaurs (Pterodactyloidea) mandibles from the Lower Cretaceous Santana Formation, Brazil Appendix chapter 4 215

2 4.5. Appendix Measurements Anterior part Length 153* Height anterior part, anteriormost tip 19.4 Height anterior part, halfway length 46.8 Height anterior part, posteriormost end 51.3 Width anterior part, anteriormost tip 7.2 Width anterior part, posteriormost end 31.2 Width mandible at anteriormost end symphyseal shelf 25.1 Width symphyseal shelf at posteriormost end 14.2 Posterior part Length posterior part, right side 120* Length posterior part, left side 107* Height posterior part, anteriormost end 52.4 Height posterior part, posteriormost end, right side 45.5 Largest width posterior part, anteriormost end 32.7 Width posterior part, anteriormost end, halfway dorsal ventral 27.6 Smallest width posteriorpart, anterior most end 9.3 Width symphyseal shelf at anteriormost end 14.6 Depth symphyseal shelf at posteriormost end 10.5 Width mandibular cavity 29.4 Height mandibular cavity 16.3 Width right ramus, measured at one third height (from dorsal) 1.1** Width right ramus, measured at floor shelf 16.4** Total Length, as preserved, right side 273* Length, as preserved, left side 260* Table 4.1. Measurements of mandible Th. sethi (SAO ) in mm. *: including the bending; **: measured medial lateral. Length 403 Length retroarticular process symphysis 238 Thickness ramus (possible) last alveolus 7.2 Width expanded anterior part between alveolus 2 3 (ventrally) 20.0 Width expanded anterior part between alveolus 3 4 (ventrally) 18.5 Width expanded anterior part between alveolus 4 5 (ventrally) 15.0 Width at symphysis 37* Width over surangular 12** Length dentary sagittal crest 115 Maximal height dentary sagittal crest 39.7 Length ceratobranchials, including the bending 144 Width, posterior aspect (one bone) 4.0 Width, halfway (both bones) 4.0 Width, anterior aspect (both bones) 7.0 Table 4.2. Measurements of mandible Anhanguera sp. indet. (SAO ) in mm. *: approximate, because the right ramus is not preserved at this point; **: approximate, because the rami are separated from each other and the symphysis. Appendix chapter 4 216

3 Figures and plates A B C D Figure 4.1. Th. sethi (SAO ) in various aspects. A: right lateral; B: ventral; C: left lateral; D: dorsal. Scale bar = 100 mm. Photographs by E. Endenburg and the author. Courtesy of U. Oberli, St. Gallen. Appendix chapter 4 217

4 Figure 4.2. Th. sethi, mandible SAO in various aspects. A: right lateral; B: ventral; C: left lateral; D: dorsal; E: cross sections. Scale bar = 50 mm. Drawings by the author. Appendix chapter 4 218

5 Figure 4.3. Ta. wellnhoferi. Photographs by E. Endenburg and the author. Courtesy of Iwaki Museum of Coal Mining & Fossils, Iwaki. Figure 4.4. Ta. navigans (holotype SMNK 2344 PAL). Photograph by the author. Courtesy of SMN, Karlsruhe. Appendix chapter 4 219

6 Figure 4.5. Tu. leonardii. Photographs by E. Endenburg and the author. Courtesy of Iwaki Museum of Coal Mining & Fossils, Iwaki. Figure 4.6. Tu. Leonardii. Photographs by E. Endenburg and the author. Courtesy of Prefectural Museum of Natural History, Kanagawa.. Appendix chapter 4 220

7 A B C Figure 4.7. Anhanguera sp. indet. (SAO ) mandible in various aspects. Symphysis in A: right lateral; B: left lateral; C ventral views. Photographs by E. Endenburg and the author. Courtesy of U. Oberli. St. Gallen. Appendix chapter 4 221

8 D E FC G H Figure 4.7. Anhanguera sp. indet. (SAO ) mandible in various aspects. Right ramus in D: lateral; E: ventral; F: medial; G: dorsal views; H: left and right posterior articular area (scale bar = 10 mm). Photographs by E. Endenburg and the author. Courtesy of U. Oberli, St. Gallen. Appendix chapter 4 222

9 I J K L M Figure 4.7. Anhanguera sp. indet. (SAO ) mandible in various aspects. Left ramus in I: lateral; J: ventral; K: medial; L: dorsal views. Ceratobranchials: M. Photographs by E. Endenburg and the author. Courtesy of U. Oberli, St. Gallen. Appendix chapter 4 223

10 Figure 4.8. Anhanguera sp. indet., mandible SAO in various aspects. Symphysis in A: right lateral; B: anterior; C: left lateral; D: ventral view. Scale bar = 50 mm. Drawings by the author. Appendix chapter 4 224

11 Figure 4.8. Anhanguera sp. indet., mandible SAO in various aspects. Right ramus in E: lateral; F: ventral; G: medial; H: dorsal views. Right retroarticular process in I: posterior view. Symphysis in cross section: J. Scale bar = 50 mm. Drawings by the author. Appendix chapter 4 225

12 Figure 4.8. Anhanguera sp. indet., mandible SAO in various aspects. Left ramus in K: lateral; L: ventral; M: medial; N: dorsal views. Ceratobranchials: O. Scale bar = 50 mm. Drawings by the author. Appendix chapter 4 226

13 Figure 4.9 An. santanae (holotype BSP 1982 I 90), mandible in dorsal view. Scale bar = 100 mm. Photograph by E. Endenburg and the author. Courtesy of BSP, Munich. Figure 4.10 An. santanae (holotype BSP 1982 I 90), mandible in dorsal view. Scale bar = 50 mm. Drawing by E. Endenburg and the author. Appendix chapter 4 227