Functionalized nanomedicines are revolutioning the next generation of drug delivery systems

Transcription

1 Functionalized nanomedicines are revolutioning the next generation of drug delivery systems Bruno Sarmento

2 Bioengineered nanomedicines for modulation of mucosal drug delivery Nanoencapsulation Strategies for Drug Formulation Nanoparticles are able to adsorb and/or encapsulate drugs, thus protecting them against chemical and enzymatic degradation They can effectively deliver the active molecules to a target site and thus increase the therapeutic benefit, while minimizing side effects Nanoparticles possess sustained release properties, are subcellular in size, and have biocompatibility with tissues and cells. 2

3 Bioengineered nanomedicines for modulation of mucosal drug delivery 3

4 Bioengineered nanomedicines for modulation of mucosal drug delivery des Rieux et al. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 65 (2013)

5 Motivation and requirements of Drug Delivery Systems Facts - Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most prevalent metabolic disorder worldwide Glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP 1) is an incretin hormone that is in the pipeline for T2DM therapy However, very short half life!! Oral administration of GLP 1 is hindered by the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and poor bioavailability Our hypothesis Deliver GLP 1 orally, using a carrier able to provide stability against degradation, improve intestinal absorption and prolong blood half life. 5

6 Intestinal nanodelivery of GLP 1 and DPP4 inhibitor for type 2 diabetes therapy Nanoparticle Size (nm) PDI -potential (mv) PLGA ± ± ± 1.0 PLGA + CS ± 5.7* 0.11 ± ± 1.2* A C B E SLN ± ± ± 0.3 SLN + CS ± 1.1* 0.11 ± ± 0.3* UnTHCPSi ± ± ± 2.8 UnTHCPSi + CS 363 ± 8* 0.23 ± ± 0.4* B D F TEM images of PLGA NP without (A) and with (B) CS coating, SLN NP without (C) andwithcscoating(d) and UnTHCPSi NP without (E) and with (F)CScoating. Araujo et al, Biomaterials, 35, ,

7 Intestinal nanodelivery of GLP 1 and DPP4 inhibitor for type 2 diabetes therapy Antunes et al, Eur J Pharm Biopharm, 83, , 2013 Araujo et al, Biomaterials, 35, ,

8 Intestinal nanodelivery of GLP 1 and DPP4 inhibitor for type 2 diabetes therapy Enteric encapsulation Microfluidics technique 4% HPMCAS MF in EA + NP + DPP4i 2% F127 aqueous solution The ability of CPPs to translocate across the plasma membrane suggests that they can also function as molecular carriers, transporting other compounds into the cells 2nd emulsion w/o/w Araujo et al, ACS Nano, 9, , 2015 Santos, Sarmento, +, in Nanomedicine: Technologies and Applications, Webster, Woodhead publishing, 2012

9 A11/00 Intestinal nanodelivery of GLP 1 and DPP4 inhibitor for type 2 diabetes therapy Release profiles of GLP 1 at different ph conditions of 1.2 and 6.8 Release profiles of DPP4 at different ph conditions of 1.2 and 6.8 Araujo et al, ACS Nano, 9, ,

10 Intestinal nanodelivery of GLP 1 and DPP4 inhibitor for type 2 diabetes therapy Interactions between the different nanoparticles and the Caco 2:HT29 MTX (90:10) co culture after incubation for 3 h at 37 ºC Araujo et al, ACS Nano, 9, ,

11 Intestinal nanodelivery of GLP 1 and DPP4 inhibitor for type 2 diabetes therapy Araujo et al, Nanoscale, 8, ,

12 Intestinal nanodelivery of GLP 1 and DPP4 inhibitor for type 2 diabetes therapy Araujo et al, Nanoscale, 8, ,

13 Intestinal nanodelivery of GLP 1 and DPP4 inhibitor for type 2 diabetes therapy Conclusions I GLP 1 and DPP4 inibitor drugs were encapsulated into nano in micro particles. The developed particles were sensitive to different ph s, showing high interaction with intestinal cells. Deliver GLP 1 orally, using a carrier able to provide stability against degradation, improved intestinal absorption. The low activity of DPP4 enzyme prolonged GLP 1 half life, increasing the insulin levels and decreasing the glycemia along the time. 13

14 Nanocarriers for controlled pulmonary administration of insulin contained into polymeric micelles Spherical nanosized colloidal dispersions with a hydrophobic core and hydrophilic shell Composed by amphiphilic molecules which self assembly under certain concentration and temperature conditions. Type of polymer Average molecular weight (g/mol) CMC (M) Poloxamer 188 (F68) x10 4 Poloxamer 338 (F108) x10 5 Poloxamer 407 (F127) x10 6 Soluplus x

15 Nanocarriers for controlled pulmonary administration of insulin contained into polymeric micelles Sample AE % LC % SOL:Ins 93.30± ±0.39 F68:Ins 73.55± ±1.92 F108:Ins 83.64± ±1.41 F127:Ins 94.15± ±0.36 Mean hydrodynamic diameter, PdI and zeta potential of SOL (black bars and squares), F68 (dark grey bars and triangles), F108 (medium grey bars and squares) and F127 (light grey bars and triangles) based empty and insulin-loaded (Mic:Ins) lyophilized micelles after redispersion in water (mean ± SD, n 3,). * p<0.05 compared to the liquid micelles Andrade et al, Int J Pharm (2015) 486:

16 Nanocarriers for controlled pulmonary administration of insulin contained into polymeric micelles Area-normalized second-derivative amide I spectra of insulin solution 30 mg/ml and insulin-loaded micelles (polymer:ins) after lyophilization (t0) and upon 1 month (t1), 3 months (t3) and 6 months (t6) of storage at 4 ºC and 20 ºC. Andrade et al, Int J Pharm (2015) 486:

17 Nanocarriers for controlled pulmonary administration of insulin contained into polymeric micelles Permeability of insulin through A549 (A) cell monolayers, expressed as the percentage of insulin added to the apical chamber of Transwell system; and TEER values as percentage of the values prior to experiment during permeability studies across A549 (B) cell monolayers. Andrade et al, Nanomedicine, Nanotechnology, Biology, and Medicine, 11, , 2015

18 Nanocarriers for controlled pulmonary administration of insulin contained into polymeric micelles Minimal internalization by macrophages in vitro! Confocal microscopy micrographs of SOL (A), F68 (B), F108 (C) and F127 (D) micelles internalization by THP-1 and U937 macrophages. Blue, green, and red fluorescence are from DAPI (nucleus), 5-DTAF-polymer (micelles) and CellMask Deep Red (membrane), respectively Andrade et al, Nanomedicine, Nanotechnology, Biology, and Medicine, 11, , 2015

19 Nanocarriers for controlled pulmonary administration of insulin contained into polymeric micelles Andrade et al, Nanomedicine, 11, , 2016 Sample PA (%) Serum insulin concentration (µiu/ml) Subcutaneous Insulin ± ±2.59 Endotracheal Insulin 5.60±0.03 * 13.73±8.83 SOL:Insulin 6.92±1.19 *,** 18.95±13.75 F68:Insulin 32.52±7.25 *,** 23.32±15.76 F108:Insulin 13.24±1.31 *,** 5.01±3.77 F127:Insulin 28.88±5.05 *,** 18.65±9.57

20 Nanocarriers for controlled pulmonary administration of insulin contained into polymeric micelles A B C D E F Bronchoalveolar fluid levels of pulmonary toxicity markers after 14-days administration Photomicrographs of lung tissue from animals after 14 days of exposure. Animals treated with PBS (A), insulin solution (B), insulin-loaded SOL (C), F68 (D), F108 (E), and F127 (F)-based powders Andrade et al, Nanomedicine, 11, ,

21 Nanocarriers for controlled pulmonary administration of insulin contained into polymeric micelles Conclusions II Micelles of small size ( 200 nm), neutral surface charge, spherical shape, high insulin association and insulin structure stable were developed Powder micelles presented aerodynamic diameters and aerossolization properties compatible with good deposition profile in the lungs No significant signs of cytotoxicity observed in pulmonary cells lines and macrophages Micelles Increased hypoglycemic effect and pharmacological availability of insulin without inflammation induction, cytotoxicity or tissue damage 21

22 Motivation and requirements of Drug Delivery Systems Nanomedicine based microbicide approach for preventing HIV transmission Microbicides Products containing anti-infective compounds intended to be self-administered in the vagina (and/or rectum) around the time of sexual intercourse, in order to prevent or significantly reduce the transmission of HIV and potentially other sexually transmitted pathogens.

23 Motivation and requirements of Drug Delivery Systems Facts - 80% HIV transmission occurs by sexual intercourse (~1/2 women) Microbicides are Products containing anti infective compounds intended to be selfadministered in vagina around the time of sexual intercourse, to prevent or significantly reduce the transmission of HIV and potentially other sexually transmitted pathogens. There is still lack of knowledge regarding which platforms may allow suitable formulation of microbicides into vaginal products that can be used by women Our hypothesis Improve genital antiretroviral drug distribution and retention exploring polymer based thin films containing microbicide nanosystems for future self administration.

24 Nanoparticles in film for preventing vaginal transmission of HIV Nucleotide analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI): Efavirenz PVA/HPMC vaginal film ( 86 m thick) 145 nm Efavirenz-loaded PLGA nanoparticles Tenofovir (free drug) Pharmacokinetics ~~ & 14-day safety

25 Nanoparticles in film for preventing vaginal transmission of HIV Cunha Reis et al, J Control Release, 243, 43 53, 2016 simulated vaginal fluid, ph

26 Nanoparticles in film for preventing vaginal transmission of HIV Cunha Reis et al, J Control Release, 243, 43 53,

27 Nanoparticles in film for preventing vaginal transmission of HIV A B C D Cunha Reis et al, J Control Release, 243, 43 53,

28 Nanoparticles in film for preventing vaginal transmission of HIV Tenofovir/efavirenz-loaded nanoparticles-in-film Drug Formulation AUC h (ng.h/ml or ng.h/g) F rel VL VT BP VL VT BP TFV TFV+EFV (33.4 ± 5.3) 10 3 (2.68 ± 1.05) ± 106 TFV+EFV-NPs (33.2 ± 2.2) 10 3 (1.14 ± 0.29) ± TFV/EFV-film (128 ± 20) 10 3a,b (9.62 ± 4.02) ± TFV/EFV-NPs-in-film (145 ± 27) 10 3a,b (19.4 ± 12.8) ± EFV TFV+EFV (0.223 ± 0.046) 10 3 (1.13 ± 0.10) ± 5.3 TFV+EFV-NPs (0.220 ± 0.031) 10 3 (1.23 ± 0.23) ± TFV/EFV-film (0.940 ± 0.274) 10 3 (2.44 ± 1.00) ± 36 a,b TFV/EFV-NPs-in-film (2.08 ± 0.32) 10 3 (13.6 ± 3.9) 10 3 a,b,c 54.9 ± 20.8 c ) a p<0.05 compared to TFV + EFV. b p<0.05 compared to TFV + EFV-NPs. c p<0.05 compared to TFV/EFV-film. a,b,c VL - vaginal lavage VT - vaginal tissue BP - blood plasma Cunha Reis et al, J Control Release, 243, 43 53,

29 Nanoparticles in film for preventing vaginal transmission of HIV IL 1β interleukin 1beta IL 6 interleukin 6 KC keratinocyte derived Chemokine TNFα tumor necrosis factor alpha Cunha Reis et al, J Control Release, 243, 43 53,

30 Nanoparticles in film for preventing vaginal transmission of HIV Conclusions III A nanoparticles in film system for the vaginal delivery of anti retroviral drugs in the context of topical pre exposure prophylaxiswasdeveloped. Nanoparticles in film presented technological and biophysical properties that may be considered suitable for vaginal administration Nanoparticles in film demonstrated safety for vaginal administration The pharmacokinetic profiles of anti retroviral drugs was enhanced upon formulation in nanoparticles in film system. 30

31 What next? Scale up. Conventional pharmaceutical manufacturing does not typically create three dimensional multicomponent systems in the micro and nanometer scale and as such this requirement presents a series of obstacles for the scale up of new drug delivery systems. Scale up has mainly been observed to affect the characteristics of dosage form Stability of materials used in the methods and toxic solvent usage 31

32 What next? Scale up. Future nanomedicine production system Microfluidizers 32

33 From science to practice Break down barriers for translational drug delivery 33 Muller, Industry and Academia: Why Practioners and Researchers are Disconnected, available online at

34 Translational drug delivery in the multi research environment Delivery route Drug target Batista et al. Int J Biol Macromol, 84, , 2016 Ocular CNS Gomes et al. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol, in press Castro et al. J Control Release, 211, 63 73, 2015 Oral/Buccal Nasal Rassu et al. Colloids Surface B, accepted Delgado et al. Int J Pharm, 510, , 2016 Skin (topical) Pulmonary Andrade et al. Nanomedicine, 11, , 2016 Araujo et al. Nanoscale, 8, , 2016 Nunes et al. J Control Release, 194, , 2014 GIT Rectal Vaginal Intravenous Nascimento et al. Acta Biomaterialia, 47, 71 80, 2017 Cunha Reis et al. J Control Release, 243, 43 53, 2016 Nascimento et al. Mol Pharm, 11, , 2014 Intracellular/ Cell Specific Joint Moura et al. Int J Nanomed 9, , 2014 Araújo et al. ACS Nano, 9, , 2015

35 Acknowledgements Andreia Almeida Ana Costa Anna Lechanteur Christina Schmitt Claudia Martins Elisabete Fernandes Flávia Sousa Francisca Araujo José das Neves Mafalda Cautela Maria João Gomes Patrick Kennedy Rute Nunes Teófilo Vasconcelos Tomás Ramos Former team alumni Vitor Seabra Hassan Bousbaa Pedro Fonte Cassilda Cunha Reis Vanessa Nascimento Helder Santos Mansoor Amiji Domingos Ferreira Salette Reis Marcela Segundo Fernanda Andrade Mireia Oliva Jan Andersen Marika Nestor Teresa Neves Petersen Claus Michael Lehr Pedro Granja/team Cristina Barrias/team Carla Oliveira Anabela Cordeiro da Silva Inês Mendes Pinto Funding