Inspiration. physiology: inhalation stimulation of creativity or intellect: spark, flash, eureka. Inspire - Ancient Greek πνέω (pnéō, breathe )

Transcription

1 Inspiration physiology: inhalation stimulation of creativity or intellect: spark, flash, eureka Inspire - Ancient Greek πνέω (pnéō, breathe )

2 SCIENCE The Science behind the Wim Hof Method DR. JOSEPHINE WORSECK

3 Respiratory System

4 Erythrocytes & Alveoli 7µm Scanning electron microscope, magnification 2200:1 vs. 1800:1

5 Cardiovascular System The proteins α and βsubunits are in red and blue, and the iron-containing hemegroups in green The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne

6 Structure of human Haemoglobin α subunits β subunits Iron-containing heme group The proteins α and βsubunits are in red and blue, and the iron-containing hemegroups in green O 2

7 Published Research PubMed Hits: Cold Exposure Hyperventilation (2334 Respiratory Alkalosis) 4567 Meditation (4146 Yoga) Kox et al., PNAS 2014

8 Kox et al., 2014 Retention Ø 0 breaths Hyperventilation Ø 20 breaths The proteins α and βsubunits are in red Respiratory Rate Ø 12 breaths per minute O 2 Saturation Ø 100% saturation Heart Rate Ø beats per minute Mean arterial pressure (MAP) Ø mmhg Kox et al., PNAS 2014

9 Kox et al., 2014 Retention alkalosis, and The proteins α and βsubunits But this Ø 0 breaths concentration, all the body the fluids ph increases above normal spontaneous because chemical the reaction Hyperventilation bicarbonate and cells concentration does not decrease whereby as rapidly. carbonic The SLOW! acid returns to Ø 20 breathscondition become where more ph of the body is increased water above and normal carbon is dioxide, is not as called alkaline alkalosis, than and all the body Respiratory fluids and rapid cells as the become speed with which carbon more alkaline normal. than are in normal. are in red Alkalosis! dioxide is removed from the body by red hyperventilation. So when body The proteins α and βsubunits are in red carbon dioxide pressure is suddenly? lowered relative to the bicarbonate concentration, the ph increases above normal because the bicarbonate concentration does not decrease as rapidly. The condition where ph of the body is increased above normal is called alkalosis, and all Kox et al., PNAS 2014

10 Kox et al., 2014 Retention alkalosis, and The proteins α and βsubunits But Ø 0 breaths concentration, all the body the fluids ph increases above normal because this spontaneous the chemical Hyperventilation bicarbonate and cells concentration does not decrease as reaction rapidly. whereby The carbonic SLOW! Ø 20 breathscondition become where more ph of the body is increased above acid normal returns is to water and called alkaline alkalosis, than and all the body fluids and cells carbon become dioxide, is not as rapid more alkaline normal. than are in normal. are in red as the speed with which carbon red dioxide is removed from the body by hyperventilation. So The proteins α and βsubunits are in red when body carbon dioxide pressure Where is suddenly lowered relative to the bicarbonate concentration, comes the the ph increases above normal because the bicarbonate CO 2 concentration from? does not decrease as rapidly. The condition where ph of the body is increased above Kox et al., PNAS 2014

11 Aerobic Fermentation C 6 H 12 O H 2 O + 6 O 2 6 CO H 2 O ATP Molecular Cell Biology, 2008

12 Brown Fat Tissue The proteins α and βsubunits are in red mm in diameter mm in diameter

13 Brown Fat Tissue Activity PET CT scan shows physiologic uptake and distribution of 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET CT scanning in 9 of 24 subjects show variable physiologic uptake and distribution of 18Ffluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) Cold Exposure 16 C vs. Thermoneutral Conditions 22 C Wouter D. van Marken Lichtenbelt et al., 2009

14 Kox et al., 2014 The proteins α and βsubunits are in red WHM Training Clinical Setup Kox et al., PNAS 2014

15 Sympathic Nervous System The proteins α and βsubunits are in red Adrenaline = Epinephrine Kox et al., PNAS

16 Innate Immune Response and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 all Proinflammatory cytokines are significantly attenuated Anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 is markedly increased Kox et al., PNAS 2014

17 Proinflammatory Cytokines trigger pathological pain (Zhang, 2007) cause fever, inflammation, tissue destruction (Dinarello, 2000) Kox et al., PNAS 2014

18 Leukocytes Digest bacteria and damaged tissue B-lymphocytes produce antibodies T-lymphocytes are involved in cell-mediated immunity Kox et al., PNAS 2014

19 Connecing the dots