Long-term synaptic plasticity. N500, 6 Sept., 2016
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1 Long-term synaptic plasticity N500, 6 Sept., 2016
2 We just finished describing short-term synaptic changes
3 What about long-term changes?
4 How does the brain store information?
5 Outline Origins of the synaptic hypothesis of memory The hippocampus and the tragic case of H.M. The discovery of Long term potentiation (LTP) Associative and Hebbian LTP Spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) Induction and expression Long-term depression (LTD) The BCM rule
6 Outline Origins of the synaptic hypothesis of memory The hippocampus and the tragic case of H.M. The discovery of Long term potentiation (LTP) Associative and Hebbian LTP Spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) Induction and expression Long-term depression (LTD) The BCM rule
7 S.Seung, MIT
8 S.Seung, MIT
9 S.Seung, MIT
10
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12 Outline Origins of the synaptic hypothesis of memory The hippocampus and the tragic case of H.M. The discovery of Long term potentiation (LTP) Associative and Hebbian LTP Spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) Induction and expression Long-term depression (LTD) The BCM rule
13 The case of H.M. Surgery to prevent continued epileptic seizures Both hippocampi removed Unable to learn new declarative information Can learn new motor skills: golf, mirror writing
14 S.Seung, MIT
15 S.Seung, MIT
16 Outline Origins of the synaptic hypothesis of memory The hippocampus and the tragic case of H.M. The discovery of Long term potentiation (LTP) Associative and Hebbian LTP Spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) Induction and expression Long-term depression (LTD) The BCM rule
17 Over 5,000 citations
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21 So it looks like synapses change in longterm ways. What next?
22 Outline Origins of the synaptic hypothesis of memory The hippocampus and the tragic case of H.M. The discovery of Long term potentiation (LTP) Associative and Hebbian LTP Spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) Induction and expression Long-term depression (LTD) The BCM rule
23 Learning Meat Bell Meat, Bell Saliva Saliva
24 Learning Meat Bell Bell Saliva Saliva
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27 A post-synaptic potential (psp)
28 An action potential (spike)
29 Typical LTP protocol
30 Associative properties, like Aristotle and James suggested
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32 As Hebb predicted!
33 Just as Hebb suggested
34 Sensitive to temporal contiguity, like Pavlov observed
35 Outline Origins of the synaptic hypothesis of memory The hippocampus and the tragic case of H.M. The discovery of Long term potentiation (LTP) Associative and Hebbian LTP Spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) Induction and expression Long-term depression (LTD) The BCM rule
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37 LTP can be temporally very precise Bi and Poo, 1998
38 Why is STDP important?
39 Why is STDP important?
40 Synaptic strength Why is STDP important? time Fire early -> get stronger -> fire earlier Fire late -> get weaker -> fire later
41 Why is STDP important?
42 Outline Origins of the synaptic hypothesis of memory The hippocampus and the tragic case of H.M. The discovery of Long term potentiation (LTP) Associative and Hebbian LTP Spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) Induction and expression Long-term depression (LTD) The BCM rule
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48 Mechanisms of expression
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51 Outline Origins of the synaptic hypothesis of memory The hippocampus and the tragic case of H.M. The discovery of Long term potentiation (LTP) Associative and Hebbian LTP Spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) Induction and expression Long-term depression (LTD) The BCM rule
52
53 Long-term depression (LTD)
54
55
56 Outline Origins of the synaptic hypothesis of memory The hippocampus and the tragic case of H.M. The discovery of Long term potentiation (LTP) Associative and Hebbian LTP Spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) Induction and expression Long-term depression (LTD) The BCM rule
57 High frequency LTP
58 Low frequency LTD
59 Test pulse at Hz: no change
60 Synaptic change (%) The BCM theory of synaptic plasticity Frequency (Hz) -
61 BCM predicts a leftward shift for lower spontaneous activity % = Light reared = Dark reared
62 BCM predicted the data % = Light reared = Dark reared A new type of LTP
63 Timing induced LTP
64 Timing induced LTD
65 Unresolved issues Asymmetry of induction: 120 vs. 900 pulses What causes the shape of the BCM curve? Frequency results did not predict timing results Timing results do not say why 1 Hz unpaired induces LTD, yet 0.1 Hz unpaired induces no change
VS : Systemische Physiologie - Animalische Physiologie für Bioinformatiker. Neuronenmodelle III. Modelle synaptischer Kurz- und Langzeitplastizität
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